Prosecution Insights
Last updated: October 04, 2026
Application No. 18/849,282

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING COOLANT FLOW RATE(S) FOR A POWER CELL OF A VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Sep 20, 2024
Priority
Jun 14, 2022 — provisional 63/366,365 +1 more
Examiner
LAUGHLIN, CHARLES S
Art Unit
Tech Center
Assignee
Innomotics GmbH
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
76%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
11m
Est. Remaining
86%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 76% — above average
76%
Career Allowance Rate
303 granted / 396 resolved
+16.5% vs TC avg
Moderate +10% lift
Without
With
+9.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 0m
Avg Prosecution
27 currently pending
Career history
428
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.8%
-37.2% vs TC avg
§103
53.2%
+13.2% vs TC avg
§102
32.9%
-7.1% vs TC avg
§112
9.6%
-30.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 396 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 9/20/24, and 1/13/26 are in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Waggel et al. (US 2020/0244210) in view of Ionescu (WO 2020180293 A1) (hereinafter rejections rely on equivalent English translation US 2022/0060134). Regarding claim 1, Waggel discloses (Fig. 4): A variable frequency drive system (Fig. 4, 300) comprising: a power converter (330) comprising a plurality of power cells (not shown, ¶0029) supplying power to one or more output phases (¶0041), each power cell comprising multiple switching devices (Fig. 1, power cell, ¶0002), a plurality of sensors monitoring values of the power converter (410, 420, ¶0035, 0043), and a control system (400) in communication with the power converter (330)and controlling operation of the plurality of power cells (in 330, ¶0029, ¶0035), wherein the control system is configured to obtain an internal coolant flow rate (Fig. 5, uses multiple variables to determine coolant flow rate, CFMin,CFMOUT, ¶0052,). Waggel does not disclose: via computer executable instructions to access and utilize a multi-dimensional response surface However, Ionescu teaches (fig. 4): via computer executable instructions (Fig. 5, 412, ¶0049) to access and utilize a multi-dimensional response surface (Reduced order model, ROM, is a multidimensional table that calculates flow rates and temperature, ¶0046, Fig. 6, 604) Regarding claim 1, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 2, Waggel discloses (Fig. 4): wherein the internal coolant flow rate is an internal air flow rate (CFMin,CFMOUT, ¶0052). Regarding claim 3, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 1, Waggel does not disclose: further comprising a reduced order model (ROM), stored in a memory of the control system, wherein the ROM is configured to utilize the internal coolant flow rate for further processing. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): drive of further comprising a reduced order model (ROM), stored in a memory of the control system, wherein the ROM is configured to utilize the internal coolant flow rate for further processing (fig. 6, 604, ¶0045-¶0046). Regarding claim 3, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 4, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 1, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a multi-dimensional lookup table. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a multi-dimensional lookup table (¶0046). Regarding claim 4, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 5, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 4, Waggel does not disclose: wherein input values for the multi-dimensional lookup table include power and measured internal temperature, and an output value is the internal coolant flow rate. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein input values for the multi-dimensional lookup table include power and measured internal temperature, and an output value is the internal coolant flow rate (¶0046). Regarding claim 5, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 6, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 1, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a functional mock- up unit (FMU) including compiled code. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a functional mock- up unit (FMU) including compiled code (¶0046-¶0049). Regarding claim 6, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 7, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 1, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is created using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of one or more selected device(s). However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is created using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of one or more selected device(s) (¶0045-¶0046). Regarding claim 7, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 8, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 7, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the CFD simulation uses power input and coolant flow rate input and a relevant temperature output which is also an actual measurement location of temperature inside the one or more selected device(s). However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the CFD simulation uses power input and coolant flow rate input and a relevant temperature output which is also an actual measurement location of temperature inside the one or more selected device(s) (¶0045-¶0046). Regarding claim 8, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 9, Waggel discloses (Fig. 4): A method for controlling a variable frequency drive (Fig. 4, 300) comprising, through operation of at least one processor (400): obtain an internal coolant flow rate (CFMin,CFMOUT, ¶0052). Waggel does not disclose: accessing and utilizing a multi-dimensional response surface However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 5): accessing and utilizing a multi-dimensional response surface (Reduced order model, ROM, is a multidimensional table that calculates flow rates and temperature, ¶0046) Regarding claim 9, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 10, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 9, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a multi-dimensional lookup table. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a multi-dimensional lookup table (¶0046). Regarding claim 10, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 11, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 9, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a functional mock- up unit (FMU) including compiled code. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the multi-dimensional response surface is designed as a functional mock- up unit (FMU) including compiled code (¶0046-¶0049). Regarding claim 11, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 12, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 10, Waggel does not disclose: wherein input values for the multi-dimensional lookup table include power and measured internal temperature, and an output value is the internal coolant flow rate. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein input values for the multi-dimensional lookup table include power and measured internal temperature, and an output value is the internal coolant flow rate (¶0046). Regarding claim 12, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 13, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 9, Waggel does not disclose: further comprising: creating the multi-dimensional response surface using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of one or more selected device(s). However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): further comprising: creating the multi-dimensional response surface using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of one or more selected device(s) (¶0045-¶0046). Regarding claim 13, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 14, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 13, Waggel does not disclose: wherein the CFD simulation uses power input and coolant flow rate input and a relevant temperature output which is also an actual measurement location of temperature inside the one or more selected device(s). However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): wherein the CFD simulation uses power input and coolant flow rate input and a relevant temperature output which is also an actual measurement location of temperature inside the one or more selected device(s) (¶0045-¶0046). Regarding claim 14, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Regarding claim 15, Waggel discloses the above elements from claim 9, Waggel does not disclose: A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable instructions that when executed by a computer perform a method for controlling a variable frequency drive as claimed in claim 9. However, Ionescu teaches (Fig. 6): A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable instructions that when executed by a computer perform a method for controlling a variable frequency drive as claimed in claim 9 (¶0071). Regarding claim 15, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to take the VFD system from Waggel that controls coolant flow in a power converter using multiple variables (¶0048) and use the Reduced order model from Ionescu in order to calculate the heat and coolant amount and change operating parameters of the converter based on the reduced order model (¶0045-¶0046). This would improve the cooling which would improve efficiency. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Allmendinger (US 2007/0261475) – fluid measurement system Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to CHARLES S LAUGHLIN whose telephone number is (571)270-7244. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Eduardo Colon-Santana can be reached at 571-272-2060. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /C.S.L./ Examiner, Art Unit 2837 /KAWING CHAN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2837
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Prosecution Timeline

Sep 20, 2024
Application Filed
Jun 04, 2026
Non-Final Rejection mailed — §103
Aug 26, 2026
Interview Requested
Sep 17, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Sep 17, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
76%
Grant Probability
86%
With Interview (+9.6%)
3y 0m (~11m remaining)
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 396 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allowance rate.

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