Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/858,650

FERROELECTRIC NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM

Final Rejection §102
Filed
Oct 21, 2024
Examiner
VISCONTI, GERALDINA
Art Unit
1737
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
OA Round
2 (Final)
86%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
88%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 86% — above average
86%
Career Allow Rate
1146 granted / 1325 resolved
+21.5% vs TC avg
Minimal +2% lift
Without
With
+1.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
36 currently pending
Career history
1361
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.8%
-38.2% vs TC avg
§103
23.9%
-16.1% vs TC avg
§102
23.9%
-16.1% vs TC avg
§112
32.2%
-7.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1325 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . This office action is responsive to the Amendment and Remarks filed 28 October 2025. Claims 1-13 remain pending and presently under consideration in this application. Response to Amendment The rejections of claims under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112(pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as set forth in paragraphs 4 through 7 of the previous office action on the merits, are hereby withdrawn in view of applicant’s amendments to the same. Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 28 October 2025 in response to each of the rejections of claims under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) over each of Ookawa, Tanaka et al., and Wittek et al., as respectively set forth paragraphs 10 through 12 in the previous office action on the merits, said arguments to the effect that , have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Applicant’s arguments rely on language solely recited in preamble recitations in claims 1-13. When reading the preamble in the context of the entire claim, the recitation characterizing the claimed liquid crystal medium as “ferroelectric” is not limiting because the body of the claim describes a complete invention and the language recited solely in the preamble does not provide any distinct definition of any of the claimed invention’s limitations. Thus, the preamble of the claim(s) is not considered a limitation and is of no significance to claim construction. See Pitney Bowes, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard Co., 182 F.3d 1298, 1305, 51 USPQ2d 1161, 1165 (Fed. Cir. 1999). See MPEP § 2111.02. The claim does not recite any limitations, such as, for instance, reciting a limitation that the claimed liquid crystal medium exhibits a smectic C phase and contains a chiral agent, which would characterize the liquid crystal medium as “ferroelectric”. Prior Art The following prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant’s disclosure and discussion of ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions: Pozhidaev et al., "Electro-optics of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystal helical nanostructures", 2022, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 367, Part B, p.120493. In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1 and 3-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Ookawa (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018/0022999). Ookawa teaches a liquid crystal medium, the corresponding method of preparation thereof said liquid crystal medium, as well as the corresponding use thereof said liquid crystal medium in a liquid crystal display, characterized in that said liquid crystal medium comprises a compound inclusive of the compound of the present formula IA, as generally represented therein by PNG media_image1.png 140 727 media_image1.png Greyscale (abstract; [0026], p. 2; examples; claims), and more specifically, as represented therein by PNG media_image2.png 138 691 media_image2.png Greyscale or PNG media_image3.png 146 698 media_image3.png Greyscale ([0084], p.6). Also, please note the following exemplified compounds (p. 106+): PNG media_image4.png 153 705 media_image4.png Greyscale PNG media_image5.png 150 705 media_image5.png Greyscale PNG media_image6.png 120 713 media_image6.png Greyscale PNG media_image7.png 131 730 media_image7.png Greyscale PNG media_image8.png 158 731 media_image8.png Greyscale PNG media_image9.png 312 723 media_image9.png Greyscale PNG media_image10.png 128 724 media_image10.png Greyscale PNG media_image11.png 163 698 media_image11.png Greyscale PNG media_image12.png 145 690 media_image12.png Greyscale PNG media_image13.png 315 740 media_image13.png Greyscale PNG media_image14.png 159 712 media_image14.png Greyscale . Claims 1-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Tanaka et al. (U.S. Patent No. 8,475,888). Tanaka et al. teaches a liquid crystal medium, the corresponding method of preparation thereof said liquid crystal medium, as well as the corresponding use thereof said liquid crystal medium in a liquid crystal display, characterized in that said liquid crystal medium comprises a combination of a compound inclusive of the compound of the present formula IA, as generally represented therein by PNG media_image15.png 218 867 media_image15.png Greyscale (column 5, line 2), and more specifically, as represented therein by any one of PNG media_image16.png 443 702 media_image16.png Greyscale (column 5, line 40), or PNG media_image17.png 423 626 media_image17.png Greyscale (column 7, line 10), with a compound inclusive of the compounds of the present formulae IB and IC, as generally represented therein by PNG media_image18.png 148 427 media_image18.png Greyscale (column 13, line 1). Claims 1 and 3-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Wittek et al. (U.S. Patent No. 7,964,253). Wittek et al. teaches a liquid crystal medium, the corresponding method of preparation thereof said liquid crystal medium, as well as the corresponding use thereof said liquid crystal medium in a liquid crystal display, characterized in that said liquid crystal medium comprises a compound inclusive of the compound of the present formula IA, as generally represented therein by PNG media_image19.png 143 603 media_image19.png Greyscale (abstract; column 3, line 14; claims), and more specifically, as represented therein by PNG media_image20.png 247 612 media_image20.png Greyscale PNG media_image21.png 305 614 media_image21.png Greyscale (column 7, line 35). Conclusion THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Geraldina Visconti whose telephone number is (571)272-1334. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday, 8:00am-4:30pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Mark F Huff can be reached at 571-272-1385. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. GERALDINA VISCONTI Primary Examiner Art Unit 1737 /GERALDINA VISCONTI/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1737
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 21, 2024
Application Filed
Jul 25, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Oct 28, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 15, 2026
Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
86%
Grant Probability
88%
With Interview (+1.5%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 1325 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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