Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/888,515

DATA MANAGEMENT IN A PUBLIC CLOUD NETWORK

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Sep 18, 2024
Examiner
IDOWU, OLUGBENGA O
Art Unit
2494
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Salesforce Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
71%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 1m
To Grant
90%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 71% — above average
71%
Career Allow Rate
452 granted / 636 resolved
+13.1% vs TC avg
Strong +19% interview lift
Without
With
+19.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 1m
Avg Prosecution
26 currently pending
Career history
662
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.8%
-35.2% vs TC avg
§103
62.8%
+22.8% vs TC avg
§102
25.2%
-14.8% vs TC avg
§112
3.3%
-36.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 636 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1 – 22 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Smith, publication number: US 2021/0064431 in view of Bhatia, publication number: 2024/0146746. As per claim 1, Smith teaches a computer implemented method comprising: predicting, based on a previous usage of a cloud-based computing resource by a plurality of users of the cloud-based computing resource, a future usage of the cloud-based computing resource (forecasting usage, [0013][0068][0069]); predicting, based on the predicted future usage of the cloud-based computing resource, an anomaly event at the cloud-based computing resource (patterns differing from expectations, [0008][0069]); identifying a top contributing user from the plurality of users that is responsible for the anomaly event at the cloud-based computing resource (Abnormal allocation of resources, [0225][0227]); throttling an access of the top contributing user to the cloud-based computing resource (restricting resource availability, [0227]); evaluating a speed of data requests received at the cloud-based computing resource from the top contributing user after the throttling, and a utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource (user tracking, [0006][0164][0167][0194]); dynamically controlling the speed of data requests received at the cloud-based computing resource, based on the evaluation of the utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource, and additionally based on a controlling speed of data request recommended by a first artificial intelligence model monitoring the previous usage of the cloud-based computing resource and the future usage of the cloud-based computing resource (dynamically controlling usage, [0068], machine learning, [0069], load redistribution [0228-0229]), and maintaining the utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource within a predetermined target range (Budget, [0259], Tracking usage [0260][0291][0321]). Smith does not teach the recommended controlling speed of data request being validated by a human reasoning based model configured to monitor and mitigate a risk associated with a counter-intuitive or non-intuitive recommendation of the first artificial intelligence model. In an analogous art, Bhatia teaches the recommended controlling speed of data request being validated by a human reasoning based model configured to monitor and mitigate a risk associated with a counter-intuitive or non-intuitive recommendation of the first artificial intelligence model (Reducing false positives by using a second machine learning model trained on outputs of a first machine learning model, [0037][0041][0043-0044]); Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify Smith’s monitoring system to include a second machine learning model as described in Bhatia’s alert tracking system for the advantage of contextualizing identified events and improving the system’s response. As per claim 2, the combination teaches wherein the dynamically controlling the speed of data requests comprises dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on the recommendations from the first artificial intelligence model when the human reasoning based model validates that the controlling speed of data request recommended by the first artificial intelligence model is not counter-intuitive or non-intuitive (Bhatia: true positives, [0044]). As per claim 3, the combination teaches wherein the dynamically controlling the speed of data requests comprises dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on an alternate controlling speed of data request recommended by the human reasoning based model when the human reasoning based model validates that the controlling speed of data request recommended by the first artificial intelligence model is counter-intuitive or non-intuitive (Bhatia: False positives, [0044]). As per claim 4, the combination teaches wherein the dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on an alternate controlling speed of data request recommended by the human reasoning based model comprises generating the alternate controlling speed of data request using a second artificial intelligence model trained on a human domain knowledge relevant for mitigating the anomaly event (Bhatia: Second model, [0043], first model, [0037]). As per claim 5, the combination teaches wherein the predetermined target range comprises 60% to 70% of a maximum utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource (Smith: Target range, [0260][0291][0321]). As per claim 6, the combination teaches wherein the anomaly event comprises a deviation from an expected pattern or a normal operational parameter related to a security or performance aspect of the cloud-based computing resource (Smith: anomaly, [0014][0225]). As per claim 7, the combination teaches wherein the deviation from the expected pattern comprises an overuse of the cloud-based computing resource by at least one of the plurality of users (Smith: abnormal patterns, [0225]). Claims 8 – 14 and 15 – 21 are rejected based on claims 1 – 7 As per claim 22, Smith teaches a computer implemented method comprising: predicting, based on a previous usage of a cloud-based computing resource by a plurality of users of the cloud-based computing resource, a future usage of the cloud-based computing resource (forecasting usage, [0013][0068][0069]); predicting, based on the predicted future usage of the cloud-based computing resource, an anomaly event at the cloud-based computing resource (patterns differing from expectations, [0008][0069]); identifying a top contributing user from the plurality of users that is responsible for the anomaly event at the cloud-based computing resource (Abnormal allocation of resources, [0225][0227]); throttling an access of the top contributing user to the cloud-based computing resource (restricting resource availability, [0227]); evaluating a speed of data requests received at the cloud-based computing resource from the top contributing user after the throttling, and a utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource (user tracking, [0006][0164][0167][0194]); dynamically controlling the speed of data requests received at the cloud-based computing resource, based on the evaluation of the utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource, and additionally based on a controlling speed of data request recommended by a first artificial intelligence model monitoring the previous usage of the cloud-based computing resource and the future usage of the cloud-based computing resource (dynamically controlling usage, [0068], machine learning, [0069], load redistribution [0228-0229]), and maintaining the utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource within a predetermined target range comprising 60% to 70% of a maximum utilization level of the cloud-based computing resource (Budget, [0259], Tracking usage [0260][0291][0321], Target range, [0260][0291][0321]). Smith does not teach the recommended controlling speed of data request being validated by a human reasoning based model configured to monitor and mitigate a risk associated with a counter-intuitive or non-intuitive recommendation of the first artificial intelligence model; in response to the human reasoning based model validating that the controlling speed of data request recommended by the first artificial intelligence model is not counter-intuitive or non-intuitive, dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on the recommendations from the first artificial intelligence model; in response to the human reasoning based model validating that the controlling speed of data request recommended by the first artificial intelligence model is counter-intuitive or non-intuitive, dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on an alternate controlling speed of data request recommended by the human reasoning based model, wherein the alternate controlling speed of data request is generated using a second artificial intelligence model trained on a human domain knowledge relevant for mitigating the anomaly event; In an analogous art, Bhatia teaches Smith does not teach the recommended controlling speed of data request being validated by a human reasoning based model configured to monitor and mitigate a risk associated with a counter-intuitive or non-intuitive recommendation of the first artificial intelligence model (Reducing false positives by using a second machine learning model trained on outputs of a first machine learning model, [0037][0041][0043-0044]); in response to the human reasoning based model validating that the controlling speed of data request recommended by the first artificial intelligence model is not counter-intuitive or non-intuitive, dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on the recommendations from the first artificial intelligence model (true positives, [0044]); in response to the human reasoning based model validating that the controlling speed of data request recommended by the first artificial intelligence model is counter-intuitive or non-intuitive, dynamically controlling the speed of data requests based on an alternate controlling speed of data request recommended by the human reasoning based model (False positives, [0044]), wherein the alternate controlling speed of data request is generated using a second artificial intelligence model trained on a human domain knowledge relevant for mitigating the anomaly event (Second model, [0043], first model, [0037]). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify Smith’s monitoring system to include a second machine learning model as described in Bhatia’s alert tracking system for the advantage of contextualizing identified events and improving the system’s response. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to OLUGBENGA O IDOWU whose telephone number is (571)270-1450. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 8am - 5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jung Kim can be reached at 5712723804. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /OLUGBENGA O IDOWU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2494
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Prosecution Timeline

Sep 18, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 07, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
71%
Grant Probability
90%
With Interview (+19.1%)
3y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 636 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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