Prosecution Insights
Last updated: August 17, 2026
Application No. 18/900,111

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FRAME STRUCTURES FOR COMMUNICATION IN PASSIVE/SEMI-PASSIVE INTERNET-OF-THINGS

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Sep 27, 2024
Priority
Jul 07, 2022 — continuation of PCTCN2022104438
Examiner
TOWFIGHI, AFSHAWN M
Art Unit
Tech Center
Assignee
ZTE Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
88%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
7m
Est. Remaining
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 88% — above average
88%
Career Allowance Rate
859 granted / 978 resolved
+27.8% vs TC avg
Moderate +9% lift
Without
With
+8.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
23 currently pending
Career history
986
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
6.5%
-33.5% vs TC avg
§103
42.2%
+2.2% vs TC avg
§102
32.6%
-7.4% vs TC avg
§112
10.4%
-29.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 978 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 4/14/26, 3/2/26, 9/27/24 is being considered by the examiner. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Fakoorian et al (Pub No: 2020/0267756), and further in view of Sugaya (Pub No: 2010/0039960). As to claim 1, Fakoorian teaches a wireless communication method (Fakoorian, [0007], a method for wireless communication by a UE) comprising: determining, by a first wireless communication device, a number (N) of repetitive transmissions for data (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], the UE determines the number of repetitions for data based on the grant received in DCI); and sending, by the first wireless communication device to a second wireless communication device, data using a frame structure (Fakoorian, Fig 11, 12 #1120 #1230, [0248], sending by the UE to a base station the data repetitions), wherein the frame structure includes symbols before the data and the data with the N repetitions (Fakoorian, Fig 5A, [0152], the frame has symbols before the repetition and then the repetition data). Fakoorian does not explicitly teach the frame structure includes preamble sequence. However, Sugaya teaches the frame structure includes preamble sequence (Sugaya, Fig 16C [0164-0165], a repetition data frame has a preamble of sequence bits before the data repetitions). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing data of the claimed invention to provide “a preamble” as taught by Sugaya in the system of Fakoorian, so that it would indicate information about the repetitions and make communication of data efficient (Sugaya, [0008]). As to claim 2, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, a first one of the N repetitions, a tail sequence, and remaining ones of the N repetitions that are arranged in above order (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N) along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 3, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, control information with a number (M) of repetitions and the data with the N repetitions (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble (1), control information (2) with repetition M=1, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N), that are arranged in above order along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 4, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, control information for the first one of a number (M) of repetitions, a tail sequence, control information for remaining ones of the M repetitions, and the data with the N repetitions (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble (1), control information (2) with repetition M=1, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N), that are arranged in above order along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 5, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence and the data with the N repetitions (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N) that are arranged in above order along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 6, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches further comprising: prior to sending the data using the frame structure, receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the second first wireless communication device, a first message (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], receiving a DCI); and determining, by the first wireless communication device based on the message, a data sequence length of each of the N repetitive transmissions (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], the UE determines the number of repetitions and length from SLIV in the DCI message). As to claim 7, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein each type of first message corresponds to a data sequence length, the wireless communication method further comprising: determining, by the first wireless communication device, the data sequence length of each of the N repetitive transmissions according to the type of the received first message (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], the UE determines the number of repetitions and length from SLIV in the DCI message).. As to claim 8, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein each type of first message corresponds to a set of data sequence lengths, J>1 (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], the UE determines the number of repetitions and length from SLIV in the DCI message, length greater than 1). As to claim 9, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the first message contains a length indication indicating one of the set of data sequence lengths (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], the UE determines the number of repetitions and length from SLIV in the DCI message).. As to claim 10, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein a tail sequence is arranged after the N repetitive transmissions (Sugaya, Fig 16C, ECS is a tail sequence of bits) along the time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 11, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the preamble sequence is configured to indicate an arrangement of the frame structure, and wherein the arrangements of the frame structures includes at least one of: a length of data sequence (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the preamble indicates the length of the frame information element with repetitions). As to claim 12, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure further includes one or more head symbols configured to indicate an arrangement of the frame structure (Sugaya, Fig 16C, head preamble symbols) (Fakoorian, 5A, head symbols before the repetition). As to claim 13, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, the one or more head symbols, the data for the first one of the N repetitions, the tail sequence, and the data for remaining ones of the N repetitions that are arranged in above order (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N) along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 14, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, the one or more head symbols, and the data with the N repetitions (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N) that are arranged in above order along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain).. As to claim 15, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, the one or more head symbols, control information with a number (M) of repetitions, and the data with the N repetitions that are arranged in above order (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble (1), control information (2) with repetition M=1, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N) along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain).. As to claim 16, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, the one or more head symbols, the data with the N repetitions, and the tail sequence that are arranged in above (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N)order along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). As to claim 17, Fakoorian teaches a wireless communication method (Fakoorian, [0007], a method for wireless communication), comprising: receiving, by a second wireless communication device from a first wireless communication device, data using a frame structure (Fakoorian, Fig 11, 12 #1120 #1230, [0248], receiving by a base station from a UE the data repetitions in a frame (slot)), wherein the frame structure includes symbols before the data and the data with the N repetitions (Fakoorian, Fig 5A, [0152], the frame has symbols before the repetition and then the repetition data). Fakoorian does not explicitly teach the frame structure includes preamble sequence. However, Sugaya teaches the frame structure includes preamble sequence (Sugaya, Fig 16C [0164-0165], a repetition data frame has a preamble of sequence bits before the data repetitions). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing data of the claimed invention to provide “a preamble” as taught by Sugaya in the system of Fakoorian, so that it would indicate information about the repetitions and make communication of data efficient (Sugaya, [0008]). As to claim 18, Fakoorian teaches a second wireless communication device (Fakoorian, Fig 2, Fig 7, 8 a base station with processor), comprising: at least one processor configured to: receive, via a receiver from a first wireless communication device, data using a frame structure (Fakoorian, Fig 11, 12 #1120 #1230, [0248], receiving by a base station from a UE the data repetitions in a frame (slot)); wherein the frame structure includes symbols before the data and the data with the N repetitions (Fakoorian, Fig 5A, [0152], the frame has symbols before the repetition and then the repetition data). Fakoorian does not explicitly teach the frame structure includes preamble sequence. However, Sugaya teaches the frame structure includes preamble sequence (Sugaya, Fig 16C [0164-0165], a repetition data frame has a preamble of sequence bits before the data repetitions). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing data of the claimed invention to provide “a preamble” as taught by Sugaya in the system of Fakoorian, so that it would indicate information about the repetitions and make communication of data efficient (Sugaya, [0008]). As to claim 19, Fakoorian teaches a first wireless communication device (Fakoorian, Fig 2, Fig 7, 8 a UE with processor), comprising: at least one processor configured to: determine a number (N) of repetitive transmissions for data (Fakoorian, [0066][0110], the UE determines the number of repetitions for data based on the grant received in DCI); and send, via a transmitter to a second wireless communication device, data using a frame structure (Fakoorian, Fig 11, 12 #1120 #1230, [0248], sending by the UE to a base station the data repetitions); wherein the frame structure includes symbols before the data and the data with the N repetitions (Fakoorian, Fig 5A, [0152], the frame has symbols before the repetition and then the repetition data). Fakoorian does not explicitly teach the frame structure includes preamble sequence. However, Sugaya teaches the frame structure includes preamble sequence (Sugaya, Fig 16C [0164-0165], a repetition data frame has a preamble of sequence bits before the data repetitions). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing data of the claimed invention to provide “a preamble” as taught by Sugaya in the system of Fakoorian, so that it would indicate information about the repetitions and make communication of data efficient (Sugaya, [0008]). As to claim 20, the combination of Fakoorian and Sugaya teaches wherein the frame structure includes the preamble sequence, a first one of the N repetitions, a tail sequence, and remaining ones of the N repetitions (Sugaya, Fig 16C, the frame include a preamble, repetition 1, ECS, and repletion 2 through N) that are arranged in above order along a time domain (Fakoorian, [0006], the time domain). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Matsunobu (Pub No: 2009/0207953) [0045] Matsuda et al (Pub No: 2024/0121144) [0141][0142] Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to AFSHAWN M TOWFIGHI whose telephone number is (571)270-7296. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8:00 AM -5:00 PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Ian N Moore can be reached at 571-272-3085. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /AFSHAWN M TOWFIGHI/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2469
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Prosecution Timeline

Sep 27, 2024
Application Filed
Jul 27, 2026
Non-Final Rejection mailed — §103 (current)

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
88%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+8.8%)
2y 6m (~7m remaining)
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 978 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allowance rate.

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