Office Action Predictor
Last updated: April 16, 2026
Application No. 18/907,619

MOBILE ROBOT PERFORMING CLIFF DETECTION

Non-Final OA §DP
Filed
Oct 07, 2024
Examiner
DANG, TRANG THANH
Art Unit
3656
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Pixart Imaging INC.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
44%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
64%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 44% of resolved cases
44%
Career Allow Rate
16 granted / 36 resolved
-7.6% vs TC avg
Strong +20% interview lift
Without
With
+19.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
60
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
7.7%
-32.3% vs TC avg
§103
40.0%
+0.0% vs TC avg
§102
20.9%
-19.1% vs TC avg
§112
28.6%
-11.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 36 resolved cases

Office Action

§DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1-6 and 8-13 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-5 and 8-10 of U.S. Patent No. US 12137855 B2. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because claims 1-5 and 8-10 of U.S. Patent No. US 12137855 B2 anticipate all the claim elements of the instant claims. Instant application U.S. Patent No. 12/137,855 1. A mobile robot, comprising: a light source, configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval; an image sensor, configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter, and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, wherein, within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate an average of first gray level summation of the multiple bright image frames, calculate an average of second gray level summation of the multiple dark image frames, calculate a gray level difference between the average of first gray level summation and the average of second gray level summation, and perform cliff identification according to the gray level difference. 1. A detection system, comprising: a light source, configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval; an image sensor, configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter, and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, wherein, within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate an average of first gray level summation and an average of first image quality of the multiple bright image frames, calculate an average of second gray level summation and an average of second image quality of the multiple dark image frames, calculate a gray level difference between the average of first gray level summation and the average of second gray level summation, calculate an image quality difference between the average of first image quality and the average of second image quality, calculate an average shutter difference between the first shutter and the second shutter, and perform cliff identification according to the gray level difference, the image quality difference and the average shutter difference. 2. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source and the image sensor are arranged at a bottom surface of the mobile robot and close to a side of a moving direction of the mobile robot. 2. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source and the image sensor are arranged at a bottom surface of the mobile robot and close to a side of a moving direction of the mobile robot. 3. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a light blocking cover arranged at the side of the moving direction of the mobile robot to block the image sensor from receiving ambient light from the moving direction. 3. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a light blocking cover arranged at the side of the moving direction of the mobile robot to block the image sensor from receiving ambient light from the moving direction. 4. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store gray level threshold to be compared with the gray level difference. 4. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store gray level threshold, image quality threshold and a shutter threshold. 5. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein a field of view of the image sensor is perpendicular to a bottom surface of the mobile robot. 5. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein a field of view of the image sensor is perpendicular to a bottom surface of the mobile robot. 1. A mobile robot, comprising: a light source, configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval; an image sensor, configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter, and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, wherein, within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate an average of first gray level summation of the multiple bright image frames, calculate an average of second gray level summation of the multiple dark image frames, calculate a gray level difference between the average of first gray level summation and the average of second gray level summation, and perform cliff identification according to the gray level difference. 8. A mobile robot, configured to move at a preset speed on an operation surface, the mobile robot comprising: a light source, configured to illuminate the operation surface; an image sensor, configured to receive reflected light from the operation surface and generate image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate a moving speed according to the image frames, trigger a cliff detection mode when the moving speed is lower than the preset speed exceeding a variation threshold, and in the cliff detection mode, perform cliff identification according to the image frames captured corresponding to the light source being turned on and turned off, wherein in the cliff detection mode, the light source is configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval, the image sensor is configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval, and within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames. 1. A detection system, comprising: a light source, configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval; an image sensor, configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter, and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, wherein, within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate an average of first gray level summation and an average of first image quality of the multiple bright image frames, calculate an average of second gray level summation and an average of second image quality of the multiple dark image frames, calculate a gray level difference between the average of first gray level summation and the average of second gray level summation, calculate an image quality difference between the average of first image quality and the average of second image quality, calculate an average shutter difference between the first shutter and the second shutter, and perform cliff identification according to the gray level difference, the image quality difference and the average shutter difference. 6. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cliff identification is triggered when a moving speed of the moving robot is lower than a preset speed by a variation threshold. 8. A mobile robot, configured to move at a preset speed on an operation surface, the mobile robot comprising: a light source, configured to illuminate the operation surface; an image sensor, configured to receive reflected light from the operation surface and generate image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate a moving speed according to the image frames, trigger a cliff detection mode when the moving speed is lower than the preset speed exceeding a variation threshold, and in the cliff detection mode, perform cliff identification according to the image frames captured corresponding to the light source being turned on and turned off, wherein in the cliff detection mode, the light source is configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval, the image sensor is configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval, and within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames. 8. A mobile robot, comprising: a light source, configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval; an image sensor, configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter, and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, wherein, within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate an average of first image quality of the multiple bright image frames, calculate an average of second image quality of the multiple dark image frames, calculate an image quality difference between the average of first image quality and the average of second image quality, and perform cliff identification according to the image quality difference. 1. A detection system, comprising: a light source, configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval; an image sensor, configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter, and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, wherein, within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate an average of first gray level summation and an average of first image quality of the multiple bright image frames, calculate an average of second gray level summation and an average of second image quality of the multiple dark image frames, calculate a gray level difference between the average of first gray level summation and the average of second gray level summation, calculate an image quality difference between the average of first image quality and the average of second image quality, calculate an average shutter difference between the first shutter and the second shutter, and perform cliff identification according to the gray level difference, the image quality difference and the average shutter difference. 8. A mobile robot, configured to move at a preset speed on an operation surface, the mobile robot comprising: a light source, configured to illuminate the operation surface; an image sensor, configured to receive reflected light from the operation surface and generate image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate a moving speed according to the image frames, trigger a cliff detection mode when the moving speed is lower than the preset speed exceeding a variation threshold, and in the cliff detection mode, perform cliff identification according to the image frames captured corresponding to the light source being turned on and turned off, wherein in the cliff detection mode, the light source is configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval, the image sensor is configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval, and within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames. 9. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 8, wherein the image sensor is configured to capture the multiple bright image frames within the first interval using a first shutter and capture the multiple dark image frames within the second interval using a second shutter, and the processor is configured to perform the cliff identification according to a difference value between averages of gray level summation of the multiple bright image frames and the multiple dark image frames, a difference value between averages of image quality of the multiple bright image frames and the multiple dark image frames, and an average shutter difference between the first shutter and the second shutter. 9. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 8, wherein the light source and the image sensor are arranged at a bottom surface of the mobile robot and close to a side of a moving direction of the mobile robot. 2. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source and the image sensor are arranged at a bottom surface of the mobile robot and close to a side of a moving direction of the mobile robot. 10. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a light blocking cover arranged at the side of the moving direction of the mobile robot to block the image sensor from receiving ambient light from the moving direction. 3. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a light blocking cover arranged at the side of the moving direction of the mobile robot to block the image sensor from receiving ambient light from the moving direction. 11. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a memory configured to store image quality threshold to be compared with the image quality difference. 4. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store gray level threshold, image quality threshold and a shutter threshold. 10. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a memory storing a gray level threshold, an image quality threshold and a shutter threshold to be respectively compared with the difference value between averages of gray level summation, the difference value between averages of image quality and the average shutter difference by the processor. 12. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 8, wherein a field of view of the image sensor is perpendicular to a bottom surface of the mobile robot. 5. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein a field of view of the image sensor is perpendicular to a bottom surface of the mobile robot. 13. The mobile robot as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cliff identification is triggered when a moving speed of the moving robot is lower than a preset speed by a variation threshold. 8. A mobile robot, configured to move at a preset speed on an operation surface, the mobile robot comprising: a light source, configured to illuminate the operation surface; an image sensor, configured to receive reflected light from the operation surface and generate image frames; and a processor, configured to calculate a moving speed according to the image frames, trigger a cliff detection mode when the moving speed is lower than the preset speed exceeding a variation threshold, and in the cliff detection mode, perform cliff identification according to the image frames captured corresponding to the light source being turned on and turned off, wherein in the cliff detection mode, the light source is configured to be turned on within a first interval and be turned off within a second interval, the image sensor is configured to capture multiple bright image frames within the first interval and capture multiple dark image frames within the second interval, and within the second interval, the light source is not turned on between capturing adjacent two dark image frames among the multiple dark image frames. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 7 and 14 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Claims 15-20 are allowed. With respect to claim 15, the prior art of record, alone or in reasonable combination, does not teach or suggest, the following limitation(s), (in consideration of the claim as a whole). The closest art of US 20190274505 A1 to NG et al., in view of US 20210096560 A1 to al-Mohssen et al., in view of US 20130182077 A1 to Holz, further in view of US 20210264572 A1 to Hrabe et al. and US 20220015596 A1 to White et al. fails to teach or render obvious the limitation of “calculate an average of multiple first shutters within the first interval and an average of multiple second shutters within the second interval, calculate an average shutter difference between the average of multiple first shutters and the average of multiple second shutters, and perform cliff identification according to the average shutter difference.” Claims 16-20 are in condition for allowance in view of their dependency from claim 15. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to TRANG DANG whose telephone number is (703)756-1049. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 8:00-5:00. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Khoi Tran can be reached at (571)272-6919. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /TRANG DANG/Examiner, Art Unit 3656 /KHOI H TRAN/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3656
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 07, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §DP
Apr 02, 2026
Response Filed

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12576884
RIGHT-OF-WAY-BASED SEMANTIC COVERAGE AND AUTOMATIC LABELING FOR TRAJECTORY GENERATION IN AUTONOMOUS SYTEMS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12559074
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12493302
LONGITUDINAL TRIM CONTROL MOVEMENT DURING TAKEOFF ROTATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 09, 2025
Patent 12461529
ROBOT PATH PLANNING APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF
2y 5m to grant Granted Nov 04, 2025
Patent 12429878
Systems and Methods for Dynamic Object Removal from Three-Dimensional Data
2y 5m to grant Granted Sep 30, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
44%
Grant Probability
64%
With Interview (+19.8%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 36 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in for Full Analysis

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month