Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/921,375

ENGINE SYSTEM AND GAS FUEL COMBUSTION METHOD

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Oct 21, 2024
Examiner
DALLO, JOSEPH J
Art Unit
3747
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Yanmar Holdings Co. Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
90%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 3m
To Grant
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 90% — above average
90%
Career Allow Rate
733 granted / 818 resolved
+19.6% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+7.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 3m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
842
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.6%
-35.4% vs TC avg
§103
32.5%
-7.5% vs TC avg
§102
44.9%
+4.9% vs TC avg
§112
15.8%
-24.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 818 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1 and 5 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Lutz US 2017/0122226. Regarding claims 1 and 5, Lutz discloses an engine system comprising: a combustion chamber 8 to which air and a gaseous fuel are supplied, and within which the gaseous fuel is combusted (see FIG. 1A and paragraph [0031]); a liquid fuel injecting unit 24 configured to inject a liquid fuel into the combustion chamber (see paragraph [0039]); and a control unit 31 configured to control the liquid fuel injection unit to perform: a first injection of the liquid fuel in association with ignition of the gaseous fuel (see FIG. 5-7); and a second injection of the liquid fuel subsequent to the first injection, thereby suppressing at least one of the generation of nitrogen oxides or the generation of remaining unburned hydrocarbons when the gaseous fuel is combusted. See FIG. 5-7 and at least paragraph [0044]. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 2-4 and 6-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Lutz, as applied above, in view of Yerace et al US 2021/0404371. Regarding claims 2 and 6, Lutz fails to explicitly disclose, but Yerace et al discloses wherein the control unit is configured to be able to change at least one of following: a number of second injections of the liquid fuel, an injection amount of the second injection of the liquid fuel, or an injection timing of the second injection of the liquid fuel. See paragraphs [0057], [0061], [0064], and [0070]-[0074]. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention to include the adjustments as disclosed by Yerace et al in the system of Lutz to provide smoother engine operation while minimizing emissions. Regarding claims 3 and 7, Lutz fails to explicitly disclose, but Yerace et al discloses wherein a plurality of combustion cycles are performed in a predetermined period of time, the liquid fuel injecting unit is configured to perform an ignition of the gaseous fuel and a second injection of the liquid fuel for each combustion cycle, and the control unit is configured to prohibit an increase in the injection amount of the liquid fuel when igniting the gaseous fuel within the predetermined period. See paragraphs [0051] and [0055]-[0057]. Further, the office takes official notice that this would occur in an idling state of the engine. The liquid fuel amount would be held to a constant target amount as long as a vehicle is idling. Therefore, the system of Yerace et al would not increase the liquid fuel amount during this situation. Regarding claims 4 and 8 Lutz fails to explicitly disclose, but Yerace et al discloses wherein an increase in the amount of liquid fuel injected when igniting the gaseous fuel refers to an increase in the amount of liquid fuel injected in response to an increase in the load on the engine, and the predetermined period is 10 seconds. See paragraphs [0051] and [0055]-[0057]. Further, the office takes official notice that this would occur in an idling state of the engine. The liquid fuel amount would be held to a constant target amount as long as a vehicle is idling. Therefore, the system of Yerace et al would not increase the liquid fuel amount during this situation. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JOSEPH J DALLO whose telephone number is (313)446-4844. The examiner can normally be reached 7am-7pm ET M-Th. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Logan Kraft can be reached at 571-270-5065. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JOSEPH J DALLO/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3747
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 21, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 05, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
90%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+7.1%)
2y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 818 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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