Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/938,661

Driving Device Lubrication Structure

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Nov 06, 2024
Examiner
TRUONG, MINH D
Art Unit
3654
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Kia Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
67%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 0m
To Grant
91%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 67% — above average
67%
Career Allow Rate
478 granted / 716 resolved
+14.8% vs TC avg
Strong +24% interview lift
Without
With
+23.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 0m
Avg Prosecution
36 currently pending
Career history
752
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
45.3%
+5.3% vs TC avg
§102
25.9%
-14.1% vs TC avg
§112
27.1%
-12.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 716 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-2 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Ishikawa et al. (US 2013/0057048 A1). Ishikawa discloses a driving device lubrication structure comprising: Re claim 1, a main body (vehicle body, including chassis 12 and motor 22a); a sub-body (fig. 3 and wheel 14) mounted such that the sub-body is capable of performing a relative movement with multiple degrees of freedom with respect to the main body within a predetermined range (the wheel 14 is able to rotate relative to the motor 22a and translate up and with respect to the chassis 12 due to a dampening suspension 81,82,83), the sub-body being configured such that at least a portion (gear train shown in fig. 3) of the sub-body is capable of being rotated by a rotational force transmitted from the main body (rotational force transmitted by motor shown in fig. 2); a driving device (fig. 3) provided within the sub-body, the driving device being configured to shift the rotational force transmitted from the main body; an oil pump (51) provided in the main body and configured to supply an oil to the driving device; a supply pipe (25g,25c) mounted such that the oil that the oil pump supplies is capable of being supplied to the sub-body while the relative movement of the sub-body with respect to the main body is capable of being performed; and a return pipe (25e, and par [0067] describes a flow path for oil to travel from 25f to pump 51) configured such that the oil in the sub-body is capable of being returned to the oil pump while the relative movement of the sub-body with respect to the main body is capable of being performed. Re claim 2, wherein the supply pipe is mounted to connect the oil pump and the sub-body to each other at a position relatively higher than a position of the return pipe (fig. 3). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 3 and 8-11 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Ishikawa et al. (US 2013/0057048 A1) in view of Suzuki et al. (US 2025/0164005 A1). Ishikawa discloses the driving device lubrication structure (as cited above): Re claim 11, wherein the sub-body comprises: a carrier (26a,b) mounted such that the carrier is capable of performing a relative movement with multiple degrees of freedom with respect to the main body (rotation relative to the motor 22a and translate up and with respect to the chassis 12 due to a dampening suspension 81,82,83), the carrier constituting the driving device (fig. 3); and a wheel (14) mounted such that the wheel is capable of being rotated with respect to the carrier by a rotational force transmitted from the driving device. Ishikawa does not disclose: Re claim 3, wherein the main body is provided with a reservoir such that the reservoir is capable of being in communication with the supply pipe, and a control valve capable of controlling a flow of the oil is provided between the reservoir and the supply pipe. Re claim 8, wherein a check valve that prevents an oil from flowing back toward the sub-body is provided at an inlet of the return pipe. Re claim 9, wherein an oil filter is provided at a suction side of the oil pump, and the return pipe is mounted such that oil is capable of being returned to the oil pump through the oil filter. Re claim 10, wherein the supply pipe and the return pipe are respectively formed of flexible hoses connecting the main body and the sub-body to each other. However, Suzuki teaches a lubricating assembly (fig. 2): Re claim 3, wherein the main body is provided with a reservoir (5) such that the reservoir is capable of being in communication with the supply pipe (9 extending from 5 to 1), and a control valve (6) capable of controlling a flow of the oil is provided between the reservoir and the supply pipe (par [0030]). Regarding claim 3, it would have been obvious to person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to employ a reservoir in the main body along with a control valve, as taught by Suzuki, to reduce the amount of fluid stored in the drive unit to prevent churning loss. The control valve provides better control of the oil flow to improve efficiency. Regarding claim 8, Examiner takes Official Notice that a check valve is widely known in the art to prevent backflow. It would have been obvious to person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to arrange the check valve at the inlet of the return pipe to prevent fluid from flowing back and keeping the pipe in a primed state for the pump, since it has been held that rearranging parts of an invention involves only routine skill in the art. In re Japikse, 86 USPQ 70. Regarding claim 9, Examiner takes Official Notice that an oil filter is widely known in the art for trapping harmful debris. It would have been obvious to person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to arrange the filter on the suction side of the pump to prevent debris from entering and damaging the pump, since it has been held that rearranging parts of an invention involves only routine skill in the art. In re Japikse, 86 USPQ 70. Regarding claim 10, Examiner takes Official Notice that a flexible tube is widely known in the art as a medium for oil to travel therethrough. It would have been obvious to person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to employ flexible hoses for easier installation and allow for relative movement between the two components, since it has been held to be within the general skill of a worker in the art to select known material on the basis of its suitability for the intended use as a matter of obvious design choice. In re Leshin, 125 USPQ 416. Claim(s) 4 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Ishikawa et al. (US 2013/0057048 A1) in view of Suzuki et al. (US 2025/0164005 A1) and Pedersen et al. (US 11,994,113 B2). Ishikawa discloses the driving device lubrication structure (as cited above). Ishikawa does not disclose: Re claim 4, wherein a pressure spring is mounted in the reservoir so that pressure is capable of being applied to the oil accommodated in the reservoir. However, Pedersen teaches a lubricating assembly (fig. 3): Re claim 4, wherein a pressure spring (fig. 3 shows a spring is arranged in reservoir 52) is mounted in the reservoir so that pressure is capable of being applied to the oil accommodated in the reservoir. It would have been obvious to person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to employ a pressure spring, as taught by Pedersen, to ensure lubricant is being pushed out of the reservoir in an event that the pump malfunction. Claim(s) 5-7 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Ishikawa et al. (US 2013/0057048 A1) in view of Suzuki et al. (US 2025/0164005 A1) and Gianone et al. (US 2010/0332089 A1). Ishikawa discloses the driving device lubrication structure (as cited above): Re claim 7, wherein the main body is a vehicle body (12 is a body of a vehicle), the sub-body is mounted such that the sub-body is capable of performing the relative movement with multiple degrees of freedom with respect to the vehicle body through a suspension device (fig. 16), and the sub-body is provided with a wheel (14) that is configured to be rotated by receiving a rotational force transmitted from the vehicle body through the driving device. Ishikawa does not disclose: Re claim 5, wherein at least one of the main body and the sub-body is provided with: a sensor capable of measuring a movement state; and a controller configured to perform a control such that the control valve is opened and the oil is supplied to the sub-body when the controller receives a signal from the sensor and determines that there is a possibility of exposure of an inlet of the return pipe to air. Re claim 6, wherein, in a situation of turning or uphill and downhill driving of the main body and the sub-body or in a situation in which the sub-body is raised to a position where the inlet of the return pipe is positioned higher than a position of an outlet of the return pipe, the controller is configured to determine that at least one of the situations as a case in which there is the possibility of exposure of the inlet of the return pipe to air. However, Gianone teaches a lubricating assembly (fig. 2): Re claim 5, wherein at least one of the main body and the sub-body is provided with: a sensor (par [0050]) capable of measuring a movement state; and a controller (50) configured to perform a control such that the control valve is opened and the oil is supplied to the sub-body when the controller receives a signal from the sensor and determines that there is a possibility of exposure of an inlet of the return pipe to air (par [0035], [0044]). Re claim 6, wherein, in a situation of turning or uphill and downhill driving of the main body and the sub-body or in a situation in which the sub-body is raised to a position where the inlet of the return pipe is positioned higher than a position of an outlet of the return pipe, the controller is configured to determine that at least one of the situations as a case in which there is the possibility of exposure of the inlet of the return pipe to air (par [0035]). It would have been obvious to person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to employ a controller and a sensor, as taught by Gianone, to better direct the flow of lubricant only when necessary to improve efficiency of the system. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 12-16 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion The cited prior art(s) made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MINH D TRUONG whose telephone number is (571)270-3014. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9-5 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Anna Momper can be reached at (571) 270-5788. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /Minh Truong/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3654
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 06, 2024
Application Filed
Dec 03, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12601375
BEARING ASSEMBLY WITH INTERNAL PRIME-RETAINING PRESSURIZED LUBRICATION SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12600185
Multi-Layered Grease Pod for Ball and Fifth Wheel Hitches
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12595756
REVERSIBLE OIL PAN FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12590429
Telescopic Pooper Scooper
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12578056
FAN FOR LUBRICATION AND COOLING OF ECCENTRIC BEARINGS IN A SURFACE COMPACTOR MACHINE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
67%
Grant Probability
91%
With Interview (+23.9%)
3y 0m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 716 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month