Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/938,924

ENCODING METHOD AND APPARATUS, AND DECODING METHOD AND APPARATUS

Final Rejection §102
Filed
Nov 06, 2024
Examiner
RIDER, JUSTIN W
Art Unit
2486
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
OA Round
2 (Final)
82%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 10m
To Grant
90%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 82% — above average
82%
Career Allow Rate
201 granted / 244 resolved
+24.4% vs TC avg
Moderate +8% lift
Without
With
+7.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 10m
Avg Prosecution
31 currently pending
Career history
275
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
14.2%
-25.8% vs TC avg
§103
37.2%
-2.8% vs TC avg
§102
33.0%
-7.0% vs TC avg
§112
8.0%
-32.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 244 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Amendment In the response filed 01/28/2026, applicant amended claims 1, 6 and 10. Therefore, claims 1-3, 5-8, 10-12 and 14-23 are currently pending. Response to Arguments Claims Rejections under 35 U.S.C. §102 Applicant's arguments filed 01/28/2026 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. While they are moot as being related to amended subject matter, they will be addressed briefly in this section and mapped below. Along with the details of paragraph [0106], FIG. 6A is reproduced below with annotations explaining the examiner’s interpretation of how the data is interleaved with respect to the FIFO orientation of the multiplexer. It is believed that this configuration in Thirumalai still addresses the newly added material insofar as the rankings are for the particular packets or chunks that are the rankings that tie the colors together (i.e., Y, Co, Cg) for a given picture. Therefore, they are fed in sequentially based on this ranking, which is adjacent by nature. PNG media_image1.png 399 1066 media_image1.png Greyscale Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-3, 5-8, 10-12 and 14-23 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Thirumalai et al., (US 2017/0359583 A1) referred to as THIRUMALAI hereinafter. Regarding claim 1, THIRUMALAI shows an encoding method (Paragraph [0007], 'display stream compression'), comprising: encoding a plurality of picture blocks of media content to obtain a plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0008] discloses encoding video data based on maximum syntax element size into multiple substreams.); encoding the plurality of syntax elements to obtain a plurality of substreams, wherein each substream comprises at least one data packet (Paragraph [0008] wherein encoded substreams are further encoded into FIFO buffers.); and interleaving a plurality of data packets comprised in the plurality of substreams into a bitstream based on target values of the plurality of data packets, wherein a target value of the target values represents an encoding ranking of a target picture block corresponding to a data packet of the plurality of data packets (Paragraph [0008] discloses multiplexing (i.e., interleaving) the plurality of substreams according to a FIFO ranking system.), and wherein data packets having similar target values are interleaved together, such that data packets corresponding to a same picture block or to adjacent picture blocks are adjacent in the bitstream (See FIG. 6A and paragraph [0106] as explained above.). Regarding claim 2, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 1, wherein the interleaving a plurality of data packets comprised in the plurality of substreams into a bitstream based on target values of the plurality of data packets comprises: interleaving the plurality of data packets into the bitstream in ascending order of the target values (Paragraph [0106] discloses the operation which dictates the FIFO ordering of target values that are given in a specific order.). Regarding claim 3, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 1, wherein the target picture block is one of one or more picture blocks corresponding to data comprised in the data packet (Paragraph [0008] shows wherein a block is the item of interest with respect to encoding and implementing the FIFO orientation.). 4. (Canceled) Regarding claim 5, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of data packets carries identification information, and the identification information indicates a substream corresponding to the data packet (See FIGs. 13-19 for various demonstrations of labels and data contained within multiplexed streams.). Regarding claim 6, THIRUMALAI shows a decoding method, comprising: obtaining a bitstream, wherein the bitstream is formed by interleaving a plurality of data packets based on target values of the plurality of data packets, and a target value of the target values indicates an encoding ranking of a target picture block corresponding to a data packet of the plurality of data packets; obtaining the plurality of data packets based on the bitstream; decoding the plurality of data packets to obtain a plurality of syntax elements; and restoring media content based on the plurality of syntax elements (See FIG. 8, corresponding text in the detailed description and the above teaching with respect to claim that essentially 'undoes' the encoding method.) , and wherein data packets having similar target values are interleaved together, such that data packets corresponding to a same picture block or to adjacent picture blocks are adjacent in the bitstream (See FIG. 6A and paragraph [0106] as explained above.). Regarding claim 7, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 6, wherein the bitstream is formed by interleaving the plurality of data packets in ascending order of the target values of the plurality of data packets (Paragraph [0106] discloses the operation which dictates the FIFO ordering of target values that are given in a specific order.). Regarding claim 8, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 6, wherein the restoring media content based on the plurality of syntax elements comprises: dequantizing the plurality of syntax elements to obtain a plurality of residuals; and predicting and reconstructing the plurality of residuals to restore the media content (Paragraphs [0077]-[0078] for discussion about the role residuals play in prediction and how they are obtained.). 9. (Canceled) Regarding claim 10, THIRUMALAI shows an encoding apparatus (Paragraph [0007], 'display stream compression'), comprising: at least one processor (Abstract); and one or more memories coupled to the at least one processor and storing programming instructions for execution by the at least one processor to (Abstract): encode a plurality of picture blocks of media content to obtain a plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0008] discloses encoding video data based on maximum syntax element size into multiple substreams.); encode the plurality of syntax elements to obtain a plurality of substreams, wherein each substream comprises at least one data packet; (Paragraph [0008] wherein encoded substreams are further encoded into FIFO buffers.) and interleave a plurality of data packets comprised in the plurality of substreams into a bitstream based on target values of the plurality of data packets, wherein a target value of the target values represents an encoding ranking of a target picture block corresponding to a data packet of the plurality of data packets (Paragraph [0008] discloses multiplexing (i.e., interleaving) the plurality of substreams according to a FIFO ranking system.) , and wherein data packets having similar target values are interleaved together, such that data packets corresponding to a same picture block or to adjacent picture blocks are adjacent in the bitstream (See FIG. 6A and paragraph [0106] as explained above.). Regarding claim 11, THIRUMALAI shows the apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to: interleave the plurality of data packets into the bitstream in ascending order of the target values (Paragraph [0106] discloses the operation which dictates the FIFO ordering of target values that are given in a specific order.). Regarding claim 12, THIRUMALAI shows the apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the target picture block is one of one or more picture blocks corresponding to data comprised in the data packet (Paragraph [0008] shows wherein a block is the item of interest with respect to encoding and implementing the FIFO orientation.). 13. (Canceled) Regarding claim 14, THIRUMALAI shows the apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of data packets carries identification information, and the identification information indicates a substream corresponding to the data packet (See FIGs. 13-19 for various demonstrations of labels and data contained within multiplexed streams.). Regarding claim 15, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 1, wherein the encoding a plurality of picture blocks of media content to obtain a plurality of syntax elements comprises: predicting the plurality of picture blocks of the media content to obtain a plurality of pieces of predicted data (Paragraphs [0076]-[0077]); and quantizing the plurality of pieces of predicted data to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0078]). Regarding claim 16, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 2, wherein the encoding a plurality of picture blocks of media content to obtain a plurality of syntax elements comprises: predicting the plurality of picture blocks of the media content to obtain a plurality of pieces of predicted data (Paragraphs [0076]-[0077]); and quantizing the plurality of pieces of predicted data to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0078]). Regarding claim 17, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 3, wherein the encoding a plurality of picture blocks of media content to obtain a plurality of syntax elements comprises: predicting the plurality of picture blocks of the media content to obtain a plurality of pieces of predicted data (Paragraphs [0076]-[0077]); and quantizing the plurality of pieces of predicted data to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0078]). Regarding claim 18, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 6, wherein each of the data packets carries identification information, and the identification information indicates a substream corresponding to the data packet, and wherein the decoding the plurality of data packets to obtain a plurality of syntax elements comprises: sending, based on identification information of the plurality of data packets, the plurality of data packets to a plurality of entropy decoders for decoding, to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (FIG. 6B, 165A-C shows the demultiplexed/deinterleaved substreams being sent to entropy decoders in the order of operations.). Regarding claim 19, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 7, wherein each of the data packets carries identification information, and the identification information indicates a substream corresponding to the data packet, and wherein the decoding the plurality of data packets to obtain a plurality of syntax elements comprises: sending, based on identification information of the plurality of data packets, the plurality of data packets to a plurality of entropy decoders for decoding, to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (FIG. 6B, 165A-C shows the demultiplexed/deinterleaved substreams being sent to entropy decoders in the order of operations.). Regarding claim 20, THIRUMALAI shows the method according to claim 8, wherein each of the data packets carries identification information, and the identification information indicates a substream corresponding to the data packet, and wherein the decoding the plurality of data packets to obtain a plurality of syntax elements comprises: sending, based on identification information of the plurality of data packets, the plurality of data packets to a plurality of entropy decoders for decoding, to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (FIG. 6B, 165A-C shows the demultiplexed/deinterleaved substreams being sent to entropy decoders in the order of operations.). Regarding claim 21, THIRUMALAI shows the apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to: predict the plurality of picture blocks of the media content to obtain a plurality of pieces of predicted data (Paragraphs [0076]-[0077]); and quantize the plurality of pieces of predicted data to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0078]. Regarding claim 22, THIRUMALAI shows the apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to: predict the plurality of picture blocks of the media content to obtain a plurality of pieces of predicted data (Paragraphs [0076]-[0077]); and quantize the plurality of pieces of predicted data to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0078]. Regarding claim 23, THIRUMALAI shows the apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the programming instructions are for execution by the at least one processor to: predict the plurality of picture blocks of the media content to obtain a plurality of pieces of predicted data (Paragraphs [0076]-[0077]); and quantize the plurality of pieces of predicted data to obtain the plurality of syntax elements (Paragraph [0078]). Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JUSTIN W. RIDER whose telephone number is (571)270-1068. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday, 7.00 am - 4.30 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jamie J Atala can be reached at (571) 272-7384. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. JUSTIN W. RIDER Primary Patent Examiner Art Unit 2486 /Justin W Rider/Primary Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2486
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Prosecution Timeline

Nov 06, 2024
Application Filed
Dec 20, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Oct 30, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Jan 28, 2026
Response Filed
Mar 19, 2026
Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
82%
Grant Probability
90%
With Interview (+7.7%)
3y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 244 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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