Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/951,227

VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Nov 18, 2024
Examiner
REFAI, RAMSEY
Art Unit
3664
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
50%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 5m
To Grant
61%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 50% of resolved cases
50%
Career Allow Rate
322 granted / 647 resolved
-2.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +12% lift
Without
With
+11.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 5m
Avg Prosecution
20 currently pending
Career history
667
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
28.1%
-11.9% vs TC avg
§103
26.6%
-13.4% vs TC avg
§102
25.7%
-14.3% vs TC avg
§112
14.8%
-25.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 647 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Responsive to the claims filed November 18, 2024. Claims 1-13 are pending. The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Specification The title of the invention is not descriptive. A new title is required that is clearly indicative of the invention to which the claims are directed. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Loh (US 2021/0343268). As per claim 1, Loh teaches a vehicle management system applied to a battery electric vehicle including an electric motor as a driving source, the vehicle management system comprising one or more processors configured to generate a pseudo-engine sound and output the pseudo-engine sound from a speaker installed in the battery electric vehicle (see at least paragraphs [0005, 0015]; engine sound output to speaker), wherein the one or more processors are configured to, when the battery electric vehicle turns, output from the speaker a sound effect that varies in response to a yaw rate of the battery electric vehicle as superimposed on the pseudo-engine sound (see at least fig 6, paragraph [0032]; sound effect output in response to yaw rate). As per claim 2, Loh teaches wherein the sound effect is a pseudo-squeal sound that simulates a squeal sound (see at least paragraphs [0087, 0094]). As per claim 3, Loh teaches wherein the one or more processors are configured to make a sound pressure of the sound effect higher as the yaw rate of the battery electric vehicle becomes higher (see at least figs 2, 6). As per claim 4, Loh teaches wherein the one or more processors are configured to stop the output of the sound effect from the speaker when a predetermined condition is met, the predetermined condition being met when a vehicle speed of the battery electric vehicle is lower than a specified speed or when the yaw rate of the battery electric vehicle is lower than a specified threshold value (see at least paragraphs [0027], figs 3-6 ). As per claim 5, Loh teaches wherein the one or more processors are configured to change at least one of the specified speed and the specified threshold value in response to a request from a user (see at least paragraphs [0014, 0024]). As per claim 6, Loh teaches wherein: the battery electric vehicle includes a pseudo-gear change operation member with which a gear stage is selectable by simulating a gear change operation of a transmission; and the one or more processors are configured to, when a shift change by an operation of the pseudo-gear change operation member is performed, output a pseudo-blipping sound simulating a blipping sound from the speaker (see at least paragraphs [0063-0061]). As per claim 7, Loh teaches wherein the one or more processors are configured to change a characteristic of the pseudo-blipping sound in response to a request from a user (see at least paragraphs [0067-0070]). Claims 8-13 contain similar limitations as the claims above and therefore are rejected under the same rationale. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Ramsey Refai whose telephone number is (313)446-4867. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9am-5pm EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Kito Robinson can be reached at (571) 270-3921. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. RAMSEY REFAI Primary Examiner Art Unit 3664 /RAMSEY REFAI/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3664
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Prosecution Timeline

Nov 18, 2024
Application Filed
Mar 07, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
50%
Grant Probability
61%
With Interview (+11.6%)
3y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 647 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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