DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Information Disclosure Statement
The information disclosure statement filed on 07/23/2025 has been considered and placed of record in the file.
The information disclosure statement filed 11/12/2024 fails to comply with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97, 1.98 and MPEP § 609 because Foreign Patent CN 103457015 does not include at least an English abstract. It has been placed in the application file, but the information referred to therein has not been considered as to the merits. Applicant is advised that the date of any re-submission of any item of information contained in this information disclosure statement or the submission of any missing element(s) will be the date of submission for purposes of determining compliance with the requirements based on the time of filing the statement, including all certification requirements for statements under 37 CFR 1.97(e). See MPEP § 609.05(a).
The information disclosure statement filed 03/04/2025 fails to comply with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97, 1.98 and MPEP § 609 because Foreign Patent CN 103457015 does not include at least an English abstract. It has been placed in the application file, but the information referred to therein has not been considered as to the merits. Applicant is advised that the date of any re-submission of any item of information contained in this information disclosure statement or the submission of any missing element(s) will be the date of submission for purposes of determining compliance with the requirements based on the time of filing the statement, including all certification requirements for statements under 37 CFR 1.97(e). See MPEP § 609.05(a).
The information disclosure statement filed 06/18/2025 fails to comply with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97, 1.98 and MPEP § 609 because Foreign Patent CN 110931987 does not include at least an English abstract. It has been placed in the application file, but the information referred to therein has not been considered as to the merits. Applicant is advised that the date of any re-submission of any item of information contained in this information disclosure statement or the submission of any missing element(s) will be the date of submission for purposes of determining compliance with the requirements based on the time of filing the statement, including all certification requirements for statements under 37 CFR 1.97(e). See MPEP § 609.05(a).
The information disclosure statement filed 06/25/2025 fails to comply with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97, 1.98 and MPEP § 609 because Foreign Patent CN 110931987 does not include at least an English abstract. It has been placed in the application file, but the information referred to therein has not been considered as to the merits. Applicant is advised that the date of any re-submission of any item of information contained in this information disclosure statement or the submission of any missing element(s) will be the date of submission for purposes of determining compliance with the requirements based on the time of filing the statement, including all certification requirements for statements under 37 CFR 1.97(e). See MPEP § 609.05(a).
Oath/Declaration
The Oath or Declaration is being considered by examiner and complies with PTO requirements.
Double Patenting
The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969).
A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b).
The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13.
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Claims 1-12 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-12 of U.S. Patent No. 12,355,477 in view of Matsumura US 2015/0276919.
Patent Application #18/952,977
Patent # 12,355,477
Claim 1: A phased array transmitter, comprising:
a plurality of signal couplers, arranged to receive an RF input signal;
a plurality of RF transmitters, coupled to the signal couplers, and each of the RF transmitters comprising:
a radiating element, arranged to receive a plurality of electrical signals to produce an RF output signal;
a chip having an amplifier circuit, wherein the amplifier circuit is configured to amplify the RF input signal to generate a plurality of amplified signals at a plurality of output terminals, respectively; and
a phase shifting circuit, located outside the chip and coupled to the output terminals and the radiating element, the phase shifting circuit being arranged to phase shift the amplified signals, and accordingly generate the electrical signals fed to the radiating element;
wherein respective phase shifting circuits and respective radiating elements of the RF transmitters are formed on a same substrate.
Claim 1: A radio frequency (RF) transmitter, comprising:
a radiating element, arranged to receive a plurality of electrical signals to produce an RF output signal;
a chip having an amplifier circuit, wherein the amplifier circuit is configured to amplify an RF input signal to generate a plurality of amplified signals at a plurality of output terminals, respectively; and
a phase shifting circuit, located outside the chip and coupled to the output terminals and the radiating element, the phase shifting circuit being arranged to phase shift the amplified signals, and accordingly generate the electrical signals fed to the radiating element,
wherein the phase shifting circuit and the radiating element are formed on a same substrate.
Claim 2: The phased array transmitter of claim 1, wherein respective chips of the RF transmitters are heterogeneously integrated onto the substrate.
Claim 2: The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein the chip is heterogeneously integrated onto the substrate.
Claim 3: The phased array transmitter of claim 1, wherein the radiating element comprises: a first feeding point, arranged to receive a first electrical signal of the electrical signals; and a second feeding point, arranged to receive a second electrical signal of the electrical signals, wherein the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are of equal amplitude, and have a phase difference of 90 degrees.
Claim 3: The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein the radiating element comprises: a first feeding point, arranged to receive a first electrical signal of the electrical signals; and a second feeding point, arranged to receive a second electrical signal of the electrical signals, wherein the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are of equal amplitude, and have a phase difference of 90 degrees.
Claim 4: The phased array transmitter of claim 3, wherein the amplified signals comprise a first amplified signal and a second amplified signal; the phase shifting circuit comprises:
a first phase shifting stage, coupled to the output terminals, the first phase shifting stage being configured to phase shift at least one of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal to produce a first phase shifted signal and a second phase shifted signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees, and combine the first phase shifted signal and the second phase shifted signal to generate a combined signal; and
a second phase shifting stage, coupled to the first phase shifting stage, the second phase shifting stage being configured to phase shift the combined signal to produce the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal.
Claim 4: The RF transmitter of claim 3, wherein the amplified signals comprise a first amplified signal and a second amplified signal; the phase shifting circuit comprises:
a first phase shifting stage, coupled to the output terminals, the first phase shifting stage being configured to phase shift at least one of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal to produce a first phase shifted signal and a second phase shifted signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees, and combine the first phase shifted signal and the second phase shifted signal to generate a combined signal; and
a second phase shifting stage, coupled to the first phase shifting stage, the second phase shifting stage being configured to phase shift the combined signal to produce the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal.
Claim 5: The phased array transmitter of claim 4, wherein the first phase shifting stage comprises:
a branch-line coupler, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal are arranged to receive the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal respectively, the first output terminal is arranged to output the combined signal, and the second output terminal is isolated.
Claim 5: The RF transmitter of claim 4, wherein the first phase shifting stage comprises:
a branch-line coupler, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal are arranged to receive the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal respectively, the first output terminal is arranged to output the combined signal, and the second output terminal is isolated.
Claim 6: The phased array transmitter of claim 4, wherein the second phase shifting stage comprises: a first transmission line, arranged to couple the combined signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the first electrical signal; and a second transmission line, arranged to couple the combined signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the second electrical signal, wherein a length of the second transmission line is greater than a length of the first transmission line.
Claim 6: The RF transmitter of claim 4, wherein the second phase shifting stage comprises: a first transmission line, arranged to couple the combined signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the first electrical signal; and a second transmission line, arranged to couple the combined signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the second electrical signal, wherein a length of the second transmission line is greater than a length of the first transmission line.
Claim 7: The phased array transmitter of claim 3, wherein the amplified signals comprises a first amplified signal, a second amplified signal, a third amplified signal and a fourth amplified signal; the phase shifting circuit comprises: a first phase shifting stage, configured to phase shift at least one of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal to produce a first phase shifted signal and a second phase shifted signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees, and combine the first phase shifted signal and the second phase shifted signal to generate the first electrical signal; and a second phase shifting stage, configured to phase shift at least one of the third amplified signal and the fourth amplified signal to produce a third phase shifted signal and a fourth phase shifted signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees, and combine the third phase shifted signal and the fourth phase shifted signal to generate the second electrical signal.
Claim 7: The RF transmitter of claim 3, wherein the amplified signals comprises a first amplified signal, a second amplified signal, a third amplified signal and a fourth amplified signal; the phase shifting circuit comprises: a first phase shifting stage, configured to phase shift at least one of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal to produce a first phase shifted signal and a second phase shifted signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees, and combine the first phase shifted signal and the second phase shifted signal to generate the first electrical signal; and a second phase shifting stage, configured to phase shift at least one of the third amplified signal and the fourth amplified signal to produce a third phase shifted signal and a fourth phase shifted signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees, and combine the third phase shifted signal and the fourth phase shifted signal to generate the second electrical signal.
Claim 8: The phased array transmitter of claim 7, wherein the first phase shifting stage comprises: a branch-line coupler, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal are arranged to receive the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal respectively, the first output terminal is arranged to output the first electrical signal, and the second output terminal is isolated.
Claim 8: The RF transmitter of claim 7, wherein the first phase shifting stage comprises: a branch-line coupler, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal are arranged to receive the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal respectively, the first output terminal is arranged to output the first electrical signal, and the second output terminal is isolated.
Claim 9: The phased array transmitter of claim 7, wherein the amplifier circuit comprises: a first amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a first gain value to generate the first amplified signal; a second amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a second gain value to generate the second amplified signal; a third amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a third gain value to generate the third amplified signal; and a fourth amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a fourth gain value to generate the fourth amplified signal; wherein when the first gain value is opposite of the fourth gain value, and the second gain value is equal to the third gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in one direction; when the first gain value is equal to the fourth gain value, and the second gain value is opposite of the third gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in another direction.
Claim 9: The RF transmitter of claim 7, wherein the amplifier circuit comprises: a first amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a first gain value to generate the first amplified signal; a second amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a second gain value to generate the second amplified signal; a third amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a third gain value to generate the third amplified signal; and a fourth amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a fourth gain value to generate the fourth amplified signal; wherein when the first gain value is opposite of the fourth gain value, and the second gain value is equal to the third gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in one direction; when the first gain value is equal to the fourth gain value, and the second gain value is opposite of the third gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in another direction.
Claim 10: The phased array transmitter of claim 3, wherein the radiating element further comprises: a third feeding point, arranged to receive a third electrical signal of the electrical signals; and a fourth feeding point, arranged to receive a fourth electrical signal of the electrical signals, wherein the third electrical signal and the fourth electrical signal are of equal amplitude, and have a phase difference of 90 degrees; wherein the RF output signal is a circularly polarized signal comprising a horizontal component and a vertical component; the radiating element is arranged to generate the horizontal component of the circularly polarized signal according to the first electrical signal and the third electrical signal, and generate the vertical component of the circularly polarized signal according to the second electrical signal and the fourth electrical signal.
Claim 10: The RF transmitter of claim 3, wherein the radiating element further comprises: a third feeding point, arranged to receive a third electrical signal of the electrical signals; and a fourth feeding point, arranged to receive a fourth electrical signal of the electrical signals, wherein the third electrical signal and the fourth electrical signal are of equal amplitude, and have a phase difference of 90 degrees; wherein the RF output signal is a circularly polarized signal comprising a horizontal component and a vertical component; the radiating element is arranged to generate the horizontal component of the circularly polarized signal according to the first electrical signal and the third electrical signal, and generate the vertical component of the circularly polarized signal according to the second electrical signal and the fourth electrical signal.
Claim 11: The phased array transmitter of claim 10, wherein the amplified signals comprise a first amplified signal, a second amplified signal, a third amplified signal and a fourth amplified signal; the phase shifting circuit comprises: a first transmission line, arranged to couple the first amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the first electrical signal; a second transmission line, arranged to couple the second amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the second electrical signal, wherein a length of the first transmission line is greater than a length of the second transmission line; a third transmission line, arranged to couple the third amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the third electrical signal; and a fourth transmission line, arranged to couple the fourth amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the fourth electrical signal, wherein a length of the fourth transmission line is greater than a length of the third transmission line.
Claim 11: The RF transmitter of claim 10, wherein the amplified signals comprise a first amplified signal, a second amplified signal, a third amplified signal and a fourth amplified signal; the phase shifting circuit comprises: a first transmission line, arranged to couple the first amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the first electrical signal; a second transmission line, arranged to couple the second amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the second electrical signal, wherein a length of the first transmission line is greater than a length of the second transmission line; a third transmission line, arranged to couple the third amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the third electrical signal; and a fourth transmission line, arranged to couple the fourth amplified signal to the radiating element, and accordingly generate the fourth electrical signal, wherein a length of the fourth transmission line is greater than a length of the third transmission line.
Claim 12: The phased array transmitter of claim 10, wherein the amplified signals comprise a first amplified signal, a second amplified signal, a third amplified signal and a fourth amplified signal; the amplifier circuit comprises: a first amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a first gain value to generate the first amplified signal; a second amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a second gain value to generate the second amplified signal; a third amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a third gain value to generate the third amplified signal; and a fourth amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a fourth gain value to generate the fourth amplified signal; wherein when the first gain value is equal to the second gain value, and the third gain value is opposite of the fourth gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in one direction; when the first gain value is opposite of the second gain value, and the third gain value is equal to the fourth gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in another direction.
Claim 12: The RF transmitter of claim 10, wherein the amplified signals comprise a first amplified signal, a second amplified signal, a third amplified signal and a fourth amplified signal; the amplifier circuit comprises: a first amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a first gain value to generate the first amplified signal; a second amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a second gain value to generate the second amplified signal; a third amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a third gain value to generate the third amplified signal; and a fourth amplifier path, configured to amplify the RF input signal with a fourth gain value to generate the fourth amplified signal; wherein when the first gain value is equal to the second gain value, and the third gain value is opposite of the fourth gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in one direction; when the first gain value is opposite of the second gain value, and the third gain value is equal to the fourth gain value, the RF output signal outputted from the radiating element is circularly polarized in another direction.
However Patent #12,355,477 does not explicitly disclose a plurality of signal couplers, arranged to receive an RF input signal; a plurality of RF transmitters, coupled to the signal couplers. Matsumura teaches a plurality of signal couplers, arranged to receive an RF input signal; a plurality of RF transmitters, coupled to the signal couplers (see FIG. 2, wherein the plurality of couplers 141 and 142, arranged to receive the RF input signal from the antennas, and a plurality of transmitter 101 and 102, coupled to the couplers 141 and 142 respectively). Matsumura further discloses performing abnormality detection and operation compensation (amplitude/phase control) at the time of a product operation (see ¶ [0006]). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to modify the invention of Patent #12,355,477, and to include a plurality of signal couplers, arranged to receive an RF input signal; a plurality of RF transmitters, coupled to the signal couplers, as taught by Matsumura for the purpose of discloses performing abnormality detection and operation compensation (amplitude/phase control) at the time of a product operation.
Claims 13-14 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-12 of U.S. Patent No. 12,355,477 in view of Matsumura US 2015/0276919, and further in view of Dionne US 11,476,953.
Consider claim 13, Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura discloses every claimed limitation in claim 1.
However Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura does not explicitly disclose wherein the radiating elements and the phase shifting circuits are passive devices formed on the substrate. Dionne teaches wherein the radiating elements and the phase shifting circuits are passive devices formed on the substrate (see col. 2 lines 3-5, wherein the antenna and phase shift device are passive device). Dionne further discloses providing a passive noise dampener for use in a coaxial cable network to mitigate interfering radio frequency signals or wireless radio signals (see col. 1 lines 6-8). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to modify the invention of Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura, and to include wherein the radiating elements and the phase shifting circuits are passive devices formed on the substrate, as taught by Dionne for the purpose of providing a passive noise dampener for use in a coaxial cable network to mitigate interfering radio frequency signals or wireless radio signals.
Consider claim 14, Dionne discloses wherein the substrate is a passive substrate (see FIG. 2).
Claim 15 is rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-12 of U.S. Patent No. 12,355,477 in view of Matsumura US 2015/0276919, and further in view of Morita US 2020/0313294.
Consider claim 15, Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura discloses every claimed limitation in claim 1.
However Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura does not explicitly disclose wherein the substrate is a glass substrate. Morita teaches wherein the substrate is a glass substrate (see ¶ [0224]). Morita further discloses reducing volume and power consumption as well as to achieve symmetrical radiation characteristics (see ¶ [0005]). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to modify the invention of Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura, and to include wherein the substrate is a glass substrate, as taught by Morita for the purpose of reducing volume and power consumption as well as to achieve symmetrical radiation characteristics.
Claim 16 is rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-12 of U.S. Patent No. 12,355,477 in view of Matsumura US 2015/0276919, and further in view of Shim et al. US 2012/0009720.
Consider claim 16, Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura discloses every claimed limitation in claim 1.
However Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura does not explicitly disclose wherein respective chips of the RF transmitters are actives devices heterogeneously integrated onto the substrate. Shim teaches wherein respective chips of the RF transmitters are actives devices heterogeneously integrated onto the substrate (see FIG. 1 and 5, ¶ [0066]). Shim further discloses preventing crosstalk between pixels (see ¶ [0006]). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to modify the invention of Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura, and to include wherein respective chips of the RF transmitters are actives devices heterogeneously integrated onto the substrate, as taught by Shim for the purpose of preventing crosstalk between pixels.
Claims 17-19 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-12 of U.S. Patent No. 12,355,477 in view of Matsumura US 2015/0276919, and further in view of Hosseini et al. US 2018/0107091.
Consider claim 17, Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura discloses every claimed limitation in claim 1.
However Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura does not explicitly disclose wherein the signal couplers are configured in a binary tree configuration, and each of the signal couplers is a power splitter. Hosseini teaches wherein the signal couplers are configured in a binary tree configuration, and each of the signal couplers is a power splitter (see FIG. 8 and ¶ [0048]). Hosseini further discloses scalable optical phased arrays (see ¶ [0006]). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to modify the invention of Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura, and to include wherein the signal couplers are configured in a binary tree configuration, and each of the signal couplers is a power splitter, as taught by Hosseini for the purpose of scalable optical phased arrays.
Consider claim 18, Hosseini discloses a plurality of transmission lines (see FIG. 1-2), each coupled to a row of RF transmitters (see FIG. 1-2, emitters); wherein at least one signal coupler is coupled to two transmission lines for transmitting power splitting RF signals to the two transmission lines (see FIG. 1-2 and 7A).
Consider claim 19, Hosseini discloses an RF port, arranged to receive the RF input signal; wherein at least one signal coupler is coupled to the RF port for power splitting the RF input signal (see FIG. 2).
Claims 20 is rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-12 of U.S. Patent No. 12,355,477 in view of Matsumura US 2015/0276919, and further in view of Nishimoto et al. US 2015/0255865.
Consider claim 20, Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura in view of Hosseini discloses every claimed limitation in claim 18.
However Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura in view of Hosseini does not explicitly disclose a plurality of resistive elements, coupled to the transmission lines respectively, wherein each of the resistive elements is arranged to couple a terminal of a corresponding transmission line to a ground voltage. Nishimoto teaches a plurality of resistive elements (see FIG. 7, resistors 201 and 202), coupled to the transmission lines respectively (see FIG. 7, transmission lines 13 and 14), wherein each of the resistive elements is arranged to couple a terminal of a corresponding transmission line to a ground voltage (see Fig. 7, resistors 201 and 202 coupled to the ground voltage 101). Nishimoto further discloses reducing the coupling between two antennas (see ¶ [0001]). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to modify the invention of Patent #12,355,477 in view of Matsumura in view of Hosseini, and to include a plurality of resistive elements, coupled to the transmission lines respectively, wherein each of the resistive elements is arranged to couple a terminal of a corresponding transmission line to a ground voltage, as taught by Nishimoto for the purpose of reducing the coupling between two antennas.
Conclusion
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Kohtani US 11,635,488.
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/JANICE N TIEU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2633