DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Priority
Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55.
Response to Arguments
Applicant’s arguments, see Pg. 8, filed 04/21/2026, with respect to the objection to claim 1 have been fully considered and are persuasive.
The Examiner is in agreement that the amendments to claim 1 correct the previously-raised informality. Accordingly, the objection to claim 1 has been withdrawn.
Applicant’s arguments, see Pgs. 8-9, filed 04/21/2026, with respect to the 35 USC 112(b) rejection of claims 1-18 have been fully considered and are partially persuasive.
The Examiner is in agreement with Applicant’s arguments that the amendments to the claims correct the previously-raised indefiniteness concerns, with the exception of claims 7 and 13. Regarding claims 7 and 13, antecedent basis already exists in independent claims 1 and 10, upon which claims 7 and 13 respectively depend, for “a supply circuit”. It is therefore unclear whether the supply circuit of claims 7 and 13 are the same as (or different from) the supply circuit of their respective independent claims. Accordingly, the 35 USC 112(b) rejection of claims 1- has been withdrawn, and the 35 USC 112(b) rejection of claims 7 and 13 has been maintained.
Applicant’s arguments, see Pgs. 9-13, filed 04/21/2026, with respect to the 35 USC 102(a)(1)/(a)(2) rejection of claims 1, 3-7, 9-13, and 15-18 have been fully considered but are not persuasive.
Regarding claim 1, Applicant argues that Naik fails to disclose a “virtual degree of actuation” based on “a variation of a duty cycle of the supply circuit for at last one segment of the lighting element” that adapts the lighting zone. In particular, Applicant argues that Naik does not disclose varying the duty cycle of individual LED segments to control their brightness and thereby shape the distribution pattern as recited in the claims. The Examiner respectfully disagrees with Applicant’s arguments, and notes that Applicant’s arguments are directed towards features which have not been claimed in claim 1.
While Applicant alleges that the claim requires “varying the duty cycle of individual LED segments to control their brightness and thereby shape the light distribution pattern, which is a form of virtual beam shaping”, this is not the case. Claim 1 recites “and wherein adapting the lighting zone includes providing the virtual degree of actuation of the lighting element based on a variation of a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element.” At no point is “virtual beam shaping” or “beam shaping” invoked by the claim, nor are such term(s) invoked or defined in the written description. Further, the control of brightness of individual LED segments has not been positively recited by the claim. Therefore, Applicant’s arguments are directed towards a narrower definition of “the virtual degree of actuation” which is not required by the written description or the claims, and are therefore moot. The Examiner maintains that Naik discloses the claimed “virtual degree of actuation” in at least [0010]-[0012] and [0016], wherein the mechanical degree of actuation corresponds to “[re-directing] the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps”, and the virtual degree of actuation corresponds to “[determining] the angle that the AFL module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18)”. The Examiner has interpreted this as a virtual degree of actuation, as it is a virtual indication of a required actuation to rotate the headlamps. Naik further discloses that adapting the lighting zone (“selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle”, [0011]) includes providing the virtual degree of actuation of the lighting element based on a variation of a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element (“The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14” and “the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors…”, [0012] and [0016]). The Examiner reiterates that the virtual degree of actuation corresponds to the determination of the angle that the AFL module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18. This mapping is supported by the written description of the instant application in at least [0030]: “The mechanical degree of actuation and the virtual degree of actuation indicate percentages according to which a variation of the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is to be carried out.” [0034] further recites: “The virtual degree of actuation can likewise indicate that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is to be rotated by 5° in a certain direction.”
Further regarding claim 1, Applicant argues that Naik fails to disclose “a lighting element, wherein the lighting element has a plurality of controllable segments with associated supply circuits”, and therefore “does not actually disclose that individual LEDs within the LED lighting array are independently controllable segments with their own supply circuits”. However, the Examiner respectfully notes that, contrary to Applicant’s arguments, claim 1 does not recite “a lighting element, wherein the lighting element has a plurality of controllable segments with associated supply circuits”. Therefore, these arguments with respect to claim 1 are rendered moot. The Examiner does note, however, that claim 10 recites “a lighting element, wherein the lighting element has a plurality of controllable segments with associated supply circuits;” and “wherein the virtual degree of actuation indicates that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is being adapted on the basis of a variation of a duty cycle of the supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element.” In the interest of advancing prosecution, the Examiner has applied these arguments to claim 10.
However, even when applying the above-discussed arguments with respect to claim 1 to claim 10, Applicant’s arguments are unpersuasive. Applicant argues that Naik must disclose that “individual LEDs within the LED light array are independently controllable segments with their own supply circuits”. However this is not the case. Claim 10 merely requires that the lighting element has a plurality of controllable segments with associated supply circuits. This does not require that the controllable segments must be independently controllable segments. As admitted by Applicant, “Naik describes duty cycling the entire LED light array as a whole unit for synchronization purposes…” That is, the lighting element of Naik (i.e., the LED light array) has a plurality of controllable segments (“The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14.”, [0012]) with associated supply circuits. FIG. 1, included below, clearly demonstrates that the headlamps 16 and 18 are distinct and separate components of the headlamp control unit 14.
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As described in [0012], the headlamps 16 and 18 include the LED light array. It is clear from FIG. 1 that the LEDs of headlamps 16 and 18, being distinct and separate components, possess associated supply circuits. Indeed, LEDs (light-emitting diodes) by their very nature must each possess a supply circuit in order to function. As described and illustrated (included below) by the MRSEC Education Group (see “LED (Light Emitting Diodes)”), “[t]he term “diode” refers to the fact that unlike a normal light bulb, which will light up when electricity flows through it in either direction… the LED will only light up when electricity flows in one direction…” Therefore, the Examiner finds Applicant’s arguments unpersuasive.
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Even further regarding claim 1, Applicant argues that Naik fails to disclose using both mechanical and virtual actuation together to adapt the lighting zone as required by claim 1. The Examiner respectfully disagrees. As discussed above with respect to the virtual degree of actuation, Naik discloses (see [0010]) the mechanical degree of actuation of “[re-directing] the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps”, and the virtual degree of actuation of “[determining] the angle that the AFL module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18)”. The Examiner respectfully asserts that Naik therefore does disclose “wherein the control device adapts the lighting zone produced by the lighting element on the basis of a mechanical degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm and a virtual degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm;” because the virtual degree of actuation is used in enacting the mechanical degree of actuation (i.e., by determining the angle that the headlamps need to be re-directed, and re-directing the headlamps).
Regarding claims 5, 11, and 18, Applicant argues that Naik fails to disclose “adapting a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element based on the control algorithm of the control device in dependence on at least the detected object.” In particular, Applicant argues that Naik’s system illuminates regions to enable detection, not in response to having already detected an object. However, this is not the case. Referring to [0017], Naik discloses that “The viewing angle as captured by the image capture device 12 is often adequate to capture the entire road and surrounding regions; however, not all objects captured within viewing angle may have adequate light directed on them for machine recognition analysis of the object. Therefore, it is pertinent to have the targeted region of the viewing angle illuminated. The vehicle's AFL system is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps from the primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes the illuminated secondary region.” Naik makes it clear that an object has been detected within a viewing angle, but the detected object may not have adequate light directed on them for machine recognition analysis of the object. In response to detection of the object(s) lacking adequate light directed on them, Naik selectively and timely redirects the headlamps so that the targeted region is illuminated. While Applicant alleges that Naik is merely concerned with redirecting the headlamps to look for potential objects, this is a limited interpretation of the disclosure of Naik which fails to account for the disclosure of [0017], which clearly indicates that objects(s) have been detected (i.e., “captured within viewing angle”). Applicant further alleges that claims 5, 11, and 18 are required to disclose “a feedback loop where detection of a specific object causes adaptation of the light emission”, though no such language exists in the claims. At most, the claim requires a simple method wherein an object is detected, and in response to detection of the object, light emission is adapted (i.e., there is no claimed looping component; the claimed elements are not cyclical). Therefore, the Examiner is unpersuaded by Applicant’s arguments.
Regarding claim 6, Applicant argues that Naik fails to disclose that “the movement of the lighting element brought about by the actuator is considered by the control algorithm in the adaptation of the light emission.” The Examiner respectfully disagrees with Applicant’s arguments, and notes that neither the claim nor the written description provide a definition for the term “considered”. Accordingly, “considered” must be interpreted under broadest reasonable interpretation. Referring to [0010] of Naik, the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18 is determined, and the headlamps are individual controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees. The angle (i.e., the movement of the lighting element brought about by the actuator) is determined (i.e., considered) by AFL controller 22 in the adaptation of the light emission (i.e., re-directing the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction). Therefore, the Examiner is unpersuaded by Applicant’s arguments.
Accordingly, the 35 USC 102(a)(1)/(a)(2) rejection of claims 1, 3-7, 9-13, and 15-18 has been maintained.
Applicant’s arguments, see Pgs. 14-15, filed 04/21/2026, with respect to the 35 USC 103 rejections of claims 2, 8, and 14 have been fully considered but are not persuasive.
Regarding claim 2, Applicant argues that Naik and Tatara fail to teach or suggest “wherein the virtual degree of actuation is less than the virtual threshold value.” The Examiner respectfully disagrees, and respectfully asserts that Applicant’s arguments attack the teachings of Tatara in a piecemeal manner. One cannot show nonobviousness by attacking references individually where the rejections are based on combinations of references. See In re Keller, 642 F.2d 413, 208 USPQ 871 (CCPA 1981); In re Merck & Co., 800 F.2d 1091, 231 USPQ 375 (Fed. Cir. 1986). Applicant’s arguments fail to address the combination of the teachings of Naik and Tatara, instead choosing to attack Tatara individually. This is insufficient to show nonobviousness, as Naik already teaches that the virtual degree of actuation is based on duty cycle variation (see at least [0011]-[0012] and [0016]) and applies at least one of a mechanical threshold value for the mechanical degree of actuation or a virtual threshold value for the virtual degree of actuation (see at least [0010]). Applicant’s arguments do not account for the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art to adapt the teachings of a reference in conjunction with another analogous reference. Therefore, the Examiner is unpersuaded by Applicant’s arguments.
Regarding claims 8 and 14, Applicant argues that Naik and Roehder fail to teach or suggest “when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm considers at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor.” The Examiner respectfully disagrees, and respectfully asserts that Applicant’s arguments attack the teachings of Roehder in a piecemeal manner. One cannot show nonobviousness by attacking references individually where the rejections are based on combinations of references. See In re Keller, 642 F.2d 413, 208 USPQ 871 (CCPA 1981); In re Merck & Co., 800 F.2d 1091, 231 USPQ 375 (Fed. Cir. 1986). Applicant’s arguments fail to address the combination of the teachings of Naik and Roehder, instead choosing to attack Roehder individually. Further, Applicant mischaracterizes the teachings of Roehder, purporting that the illumination area of Roehder does not amount to a lighting zone produced by a vehicle headlamp for driver visibility. The Office Action takes no such position. Applicant’s ignores that Naik already provides the claimed lighting device (see discussion above) and further ignores that Naik and Roehder are each directed towards similar pursuits in the field of controlling the shape of lighting regions. Merely because the illumination area of Roehder is used in conjunction with a time-of-flight camera does not preclude one of ordinary skill in the art from recognizing the analogous nature of the teachings of the two references, particularly when both references are concerned with imaging based on their respective illumination regions/illumination areas (see at least [0011]-[0012] and [0016] of Naik; and [0036] and FIGs. 3-4 of Roehder). Applicant’s arguments do not account for the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art to adapt the teachings of a reference in conjunction with another analogous reference. Therefore, the Examiner is unpersuaded by Applicant’s arguments.
Accordingly, the 35 USC 103 rejections of claims 2, 8, and 14 have been maintained.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b):
(b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention.
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph:
The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention.
Claims 7 and 13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention.
Regarding claim 7, the claim recites “a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element is adapted based on the variation of the duty cycle of a supply circuit for the at least one segment of the lighting element.” However, antecedent basis already exists for “a supply circuit” in claim 1, upon which claim 7 depends. Therefore, it is unclear whether the supply circuit of claim 7 is the same (or different from) the supply circuit of claim 1.
Regarding claim 13, the claim recites “a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element is adapted based on the variation of the duty cycle of a supply circuit for the at least one segment of the lighting element.” However, antecedent basis already exists for “a supply circuit” in claim 10, upon which claim 13 depends. Therefore, it is unclear whether the supply circuit of claim 13 is the same (or different from) the supply circuit of claim 10.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102
In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status.
This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention.
The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action:
A person shall be entitled to a patent unless –
(a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.
(a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.
Claim(s) 1, 3-7, 9-13, and 15-18 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1)/(a)(2) as being anticipated by Naik et al. (US 2013/0113935 A1), hereinafter Naik.
Regarding claim 1, Naik discloses a method for operating a lighting device for a vehicle, comprising:
adapting a lighting zone produced by a lighting element on the basis of a control algorithm of a control device in such a way that a lighting zone produced by the lighting element coincides with a desired illumination zone;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18." Naik further discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene."
wherein the control device adapts the lighting zone produced by the lighting element on the basis of a mechanical degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm and a virtual degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18." Naik further discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene. "
wherein adapting the lighting zone includes providing the mechanical degree of actuation of the lighting element based on a movement of the lighting element by an actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18. "
and wherein adapting the lighting zone includes providing the virtual degree of actuation of the lighting element based on a variation of a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner has interpreted low duty cycle switching of the LED light array of a headlamp as a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element (wherein the at least one segment(s) of the lighting element correspond to individual LEDs of the LED light array). Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 3, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. Naik further discloses:
adapting the lighting zone further comprises: determining a roadway trajectory, which is detected by at least one sensor operatively coupled to the control device.
Naik discloses ([0018]): "The active vision system 10 may further include a body control module 28 and a wireless radio unit 30. The wireless radio unit 28 is configured to obtain navigation information relating to the road of travel. The body control module 28 is coupled to the headlamp control unit 14, preferably through the communication bus 26, and the wireless radio unit 30 for providing geographical information to the headlamp control unit 14. The geographical information relating to the road of travel provides the type of area that the vehicle is traveling along (e.g., urban, rural)... The headlamp control unit 14 utilizes the geographical information for determining when to actuate the image capture device and re-direct the headlamp beams. That is, the geographical information may be used to provide advance notice to the active vision system of an upcoming geographical obstacle (e.g., intersection) so that the active vision system may actuate the image camera device 12 and re-direct the headlamps 16 and 18 at the appropriate time."
Regarding claim 4, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 3. Naik further discloses:
the desired illumination zone depends at least on the roadway trajectory.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle." Naik further discloses ([0018]): "The active vision system 10 may further include a body control module 28 and a wireless radio unit 30. The wireless radio unit 28 is configured to obtain navigation information relating to the road of travel. The body control module 28 is coupled to the headlamp control unit 14, preferably through the communication bus 26, and the wireless radio unit 30 for providing geographical information to the headlamp control unit 14. The geographical information relating to the road of travel provides the type of area that the vehicle is traveling along (e.g., urban, rural)... The headlamp control unit 14 utilizes the geographical information for determining when to actuate the image capture device and re-direct the headlamp beams. That is, the geographical information may be used to provide advance notice to the active vision system of an upcoming geographical obstacle (e.g., intersection) so that the active vision system may actuate the image camera device 12 and re-direct the headlamps 16 and 18 at the appropriate time."
Regarding claim 5, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. Naik further discloses:
detecting an object within the desired illumination zone using a sensor coupled to the control device;
Naik discloses ([0009]): "FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an active vision system 10 for selectively illuminating regions exterior of a vehicle and capturing images of the illuminated regions. The active vision system 10 includes a vision capture device 12 for capturing images of regions exterior of a vehicle. The image capture device 12 may include a camera, a video camera, or any other imaging device in which an image may be extracted. The image capture device 12 is used to detect objects along a traveled route including road markings (e.g., curbs, lane markings, dividers, pavement changes) for determining road geometry, road signs for road sign recognition, pedestrians, animals, buildings, sidewalks, trees, shrubs, and other objects." Naik further discloses ([0011]): " The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle... The primary region is the road of travel of the vehicle whereas the secondary region is a region other than the primary region that may contain objects or matters of interest."
and adapting a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element based on the control algorithm of the control device in dependence on at least the detected object.
Naik discloses ([0012]): "The duty cycle provides timing details that identifies at what rate the frames from the capture image device are processed and when the illumination from the headlamps will be directed on the secondary region. The duty cycle is determined by the AFL controller 22 based on a respective system operating mode that identifies the type of scanning mode that the image capture device will be operating under. For example, the active lighting system may be operating in modes that utilize an azimuth glance operating mode, an elevation operating mode, or a scanning operating mode." Naik further discloses ([0013]): "The azimuth glance operating mode includes redirecting the one or both headlamps 16 and 18 in a horizontal direction for capturing details of the environment along or on the sides of the road. For example, the azimuth glance operating mode includes a road geometry determination mode, a road-side sign recognition mode, a pedestrian detection mode, a deer detection mode, or road-side object definition mode. The road geometry determination mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images in the road of travel and the sides of the traveled road for identifying a geometry of the road. The road-side sign recognition mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images to the sides of the traveled road for identifying locations where road signs are potentially located. The pedestrian recognition mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images to the sides of the traveled road for identifying locations where pedestrians are potentially located." Naik even further discloses ([0014]): "The elevation glance mode includes redirecting the one or both headlamps 16 and 18 in a vertical direction to provide illumination in those regions so the image capture device may capture details of the objects elevated above the road. Such objects may include overhead signs and other overhead objects." Naik still further discloses ([0017]): "The viewing angle as captured by the image capture device 12 is often adequate to capture the entire road and surrounding regions; however, not all objects captured within viewing angle may have adequate light directed on them for machine recognition analysis of the object. Therefore, it is pertinent to have the targeted region of the viewing angle illuminated. The vehicle's AFL system is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps from the primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes the illuminated secondary region."
Regarding claim 6, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. Naik further discloses:
the movement of the lighting element brought about by the actuator is considered by the control algorithm in the adaptation of the light emission.
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18. "
Regarding claim 7, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. Naik further discloses:
a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element is adapted based on the variation of the duty cycle of a supply circuit for the at least one segment of the lighting element.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner has interpreted low duty cycle switching of the LED light array of a headlamp as a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element (wherein the at least one segment(s) of the lighting element correspond to individual LEDs of the LED light array). Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 9, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. Naik further discloses:
the control algorithm takes into account at least one of: traffic density, vehicle speed, or the steering behavior of a driver of the vehicle.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 10, Naik discloses a lighting system for a vehicle, comprising:
a lighting element, wherein the lighting element has a plurality of controllable segments with associated supply circuits;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner notes that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize the disclosed LED light array as amounting to a lighting element having a plurality of controllable segments (i.e., the LEDs of the array). One of ordinary skill in the art would similarly recognize that the LEDs (i.e., light emitting diodes) of the LED light array each amount to a controllable segment with an associated supply circuit (see Response to Arguments above).
an actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18."
and at least one control device, wherein the control device is coupled to the lighting element and the actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps."
wherein the control device has at least one control algorithm that is configured to adapt a lighting zone produced by the lighting element on the basis of the control algorithm of the control device in such a way that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element coincides with a desired illumination zone;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18." Naik further discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene.”
wherein the control device is configured to adapt the lighting zone produced by the lighting element based on a mechanical degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm or a virtual degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18." Naik further discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene.”
wherein the mechanical degree of actuation indicates that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is being adapted on the basis of a movement of the lighting element brought about by the actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18. "
and wherein the virtual degree of actuation indicates that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is being adapted on the basis of a variation of a duty cycle of the supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner has interpreted low duty cycle switching of the LED light array of a headlamp as a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element (wherein the at least one segment(s) of the lighting element correspond to individual LEDs of the LED light array). Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 11, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 10. Naik further discloses:
the lighting system additionally has a sensor, which is coupled to the control device and is configured to detect an object within the desired illumination zone,
Naik discloses ([0009]): "FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an active vision system 10 for selectively illuminating regions exterior of a vehicle and capturing images of the illuminated regions. The active vision system 10 includes a vision capture device 12 for capturing images of regions exterior of a vehicle. The image capture device 12 may include a camera, a video camera, or any other imaging device in which an image may be extracted. The image capture device 12 is used to detect objects along a traveled route including road markings (e.g., curbs, lane markings, dividers, pavement changes) for determining road geometry, road signs for road sign recognition, pedestrians, animals, buildings, sidewalks, trees, shrubs, and other objects." Naik further discloses ([0011]): " The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle... The primary region is the road of travel of the vehicle whereas the secondary region is a region other than the primary region that may contain objects or matters of interest."
and wherein the control device is configured to adapt a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element based on the control algorithm of the control device in dependence on at least the detected object.
Naik discloses ([0012]): "The duty cycle provides timing details that identifies at what rate the frames from the capture image device are processed and when the illumination from the headlamps will be directed on the secondary region. The duty cycle is determined by the AFL controller 22 based on a respective system operating mode that identifies the type of scanning mode that the image capture device will be operating under. For example, the active lighting system may be operating in modes that utilize an azimuth glance operating mode, an elevation operating mode, or a scanning operating mode." Naik further discloses ([0013]): "The azimuth glance operating mode includes redirecting the one or both headlamps 16 and 18 in a horizontal direction for capturing details of the environment along or on the sides of the road. For example, the azimuth glance operating mode includes a road geometry determination mode, a road-side sign recognition mode, a pedestrian detection mode, a deer detection mode, or road-side object definition mode. The road geometry determination mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images in the road of travel and the sides of the traveled road for identifying a geometry of the road. The road-side sign recognition mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images to the sides of the traveled road for identifying locations where road signs are potentially located. The pedestrian recognition mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images to the sides of the traveled road for identifying locations where pedestrians are potentially located." Naik even further discloses ([0014]): "The elevation glance mode includes redirecting the one or both headlamps 16 and 18 in a vertical direction to provide illumination in those regions so the image capture device may capture details of the objects elevated above the road. Such objects may include overhead signs and other overhead objects." Naik still further discloses ([0017]): "The viewing angle as captured by the image capture device 12 is often adequate to capture the entire road and surrounding regions; however, not all objects captured within viewing angle may have adequate light directed on them for machine recognition analysis of the object. Therefore, it is pertinent to have the targeted region of the viewing angle illuminated. The vehicle's AFL system is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps from the primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes the illuminated secondary region."
Regarding claim 12, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 10. Naik further discloses:
the control device is configured to determine a roadway trajectory,
Naik discloses ([0018]): "The active vision system 10 may further include a body control module 28 and a wireless radio unit 30. The wireless radio unit 28 is configured to obtain navigation information relating to the road of travel. The body control module 28 is coupled to the headlamp control unit 14, preferably through the communication bus 26, and the wireless radio unit 30 for providing geographical information to the headlamp control unit 14. The geographical information relating to the road of travel provides the type of area that the vehicle is traveling along (e.g., urban, rural)... The headlamp control unit 14 utilizes the geographical information for determining when to actuate the image capture device and re-direct the headlamp beams. That is, the geographical information may be used to provide advance notice to the active vision system of an upcoming geographical obstacle (e.g., intersection) so that the active vision system may actuate the image camera device 12 and re-direct the headlamps 16 and 18 at the appropriate time."
and wherein the desired illumination zone depends at least on the roadway trajectory.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle." Naik further discloses ([0018]): "The active vision system 10 may further include a body control module 28 and a wireless radio unit 30. The wireless radio unit 28 is configured to obtain navigation information relating to the road of travel. The body control module 28 is coupled to the headlamp control unit 14, preferably through the communication bus 26, and the wireless radio unit 30 for providing geographical information to the headlamp control unit 14. The geographical information relating to the road of travel provides the type of area that the vehicle is traveling along (e.g., urban, rural)... The headlamp control unit 14 utilizes the geographical information for determining when to actuate the image capture device and re-direct the headlamp beams. That is, the geographical information may be used to provide advance notice to the active vision system of an upcoming geographical obstacle (e.g., intersection) so that the active vision system may actuate the image camera device 12 and re-direct the headlamps 16 and 18 at the appropriate time."
Regarding claim 13, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 10. Naik further discloses:
a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element is adapted based on the variation of the duty cycle of a supply circuit for the at least one segment of the lighting element.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner has interpreted low duty cycle switching of the LED light array of a headlamp as a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element (wherein the at least one segment(s) of the lighting element correspond to individual LEDs of the LED light array). Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 15, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 10. Naik further discloses:
the control algorithm takes into account at least one of a traffic density, a vehicle speed and a steering behavior of a driver of the vehicle.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 16, Naik discloses a vehicle having a lighting system, comprising:
a lighting element, wherein the lighting element has a plurality of controllable segments with associated supply circuits;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner notes that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize the disclosed LED light array as amounting to a lighting element having a plurality of controllable segments (i.e., the LEDs of the array). One of ordinary skill in the art would similarly recognize that the LEDs (i.e., light emitting diodes) of the LED light array each amount to a controllable segment with an associated supply circuit.
an actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18."
and at least one control device, wherein the control device is coupled to the lighting element and the actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps."
wherein the control device has at least one control algorithm that is configured to adapt a lighting zone produced by the lighting element on the basis of the control algorithm of the control device in such a way that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element coincides with a desired illumination zone;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18." Naik further discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene.”
wherein the control device is configured to adapt the lighting zone produced by the lighting element based on a mechanical degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm or a virtual degree of actuation determined by the control algorithm;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18." Naik further discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene.”
wherein the mechanical degree of actuation indicates that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is being adapted based on a movement of the lighting element brought about by the actuator;
Naik discloses ([0010]): "The active vision system 10 includes a headlamp control unit 14. The headlamp control unit 14 includes at least two headlamps 16 and 18 and an adaptive front lighting (AFL) module 20. The headlamps 16 and 18 provide the source of illumination for generating a beam of light for illuminating the road of travel. The AFL module 20 re-directs the headlamps 16 and 18 from a first direction to a second direction by either electronic steering of the headlamps or mechanical steering of the headlamps... The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)... The AFL controller 22 determines the angle that the ALF module 20 needs to rotate the headlamps 16 and 18. "
and wherein the virtual degree of actuation indicates that the lighting zone produced by the lighting element is being adapted based on a variation of a duty cycle of the supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle. In the embodiments described herein, the active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 from a primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes an image of the illuminated scene." Naik further discloses ([0012]): "The headlamps 16 and 18 include an LED light array with fast electronic control. The LED light array is duty cycled, preferably low duty cycle switching, so that the headlamps may be synchronized with the capture and processing of the image capture device 14." The Examiner has interpreted low duty cycle switching of the LED light array of a headlamp as a duty cycle of a supply circuit for at least one segment of the lighting element (wherein the at least one segment(s) of the lighting element correspond to individual LEDs of the LED light array). Naik even further discloses ([0016]): "Utilizing the selected operating mode, the headlamp control unit 14 will identify the duty cycle as to when the illumination will be will re-directed to the secondary region associated with the selected operating mode. The duty cycle is determined by the selected operating mode in addition to other factors including but not limited to, vehicle speed, time of day, and sensed lighting conditions of the road."
Regarding claim 17, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 16. Naik further discloses:
the control device is configured to determine a roadway trajectory,
Naik discloses ([0018]): "The active vision system 10 may further include a body control module 28 and a wireless radio unit 30. The wireless radio unit 28 is configured to obtain navigation information relating to the road of travel. The body control module 28 is coupled to the headlamp control unit 14, preferably through the communication bus 26, and the wireless radio unit 30 for providing geographical information to the headlamp control unit 14. The geographical information relating to the road of travel provides the type of area that the vehicle is traveling along (e.g., urban, rural)... The headlamp control unit 14 utilizes the geographical information for determining when to actuate the image capture device and re-direct the headlamp beams. That is, the geographical information may be used to provide advance notice to the active vision system of an upcoming geographical obstacle (e.g., intersection) so that the active vision system may actuate the image camera device 12 and re-direct the headlamps 16 and 18 at the appropriate time."
and wherein the desired illumination zone depends at least on the roadway trajectory.
Naik discloses ([0011]): "The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle." Naik further discloses ([0018]): "The active vision system 10 may further include a body control module 28 and a wireless radio unit 30. The wireless radio unit 28 is configured to obtain navigation information relating to the road of travel. The body control module 28 is coupled to the headlamp control unit 14, preferably through the communication bus 26, and the wireless radio unit 30 for providing geographical information to the headlamp control unit 14. The geographical information relating to the road of travel provides the type of area that the vehicle is traveling along (e.g., urban, rural)... The headlamp control unit 14 utilizes the geographical information for determining when to actuate the image capture device and re-direct the headlamp beams. That is, the geographical information may be used to provide advance notice to the active vision system of an upcoming geographical obstacle (e.g., intersection) so that the active vision system may actuate the image camera device 12 and re-direct the headlamps 16 and 18 at the appropriate time."
Regarding claim 18, Naik discloses the aforementioned limitations of claim 16. Naik further discloses:
the lighting system additionally has a sensor, which is coupled to the control device and is configured to detect an object within the desired illumination zone,
Naik discloses ([0009]): "FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an active vision system 10 for selectively illuminating regions exterior of a vehicle and capturing images of the illuminated regions. The active vision system 10 includes a vision capture device 12 for capturing images of regions exterior of a vehicle. The image capture device 12 may include a camera, a video camera, or any other imaging device in which an image may be extracted. The image capture device 12 is used to detect objects along a traveled route including road markings (e.g., curbs, lane markings, dividers, pavement changes) for determining road geometry, road signs for road sign recognition, pedestrians, animals, buildings, sidewalks, trees, shrubs, and other objects." Naik further discloses ([0011]): " The active vision system 10 is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps 16 and 18 so that the headlamp beam uses the headlamp beams to selectively illuminate the path of travel for making the road visible to the driver during a first cycle time and then selectively makes a capture region visible when images are captured by the image capture device during a second duty cycle... The primary region is the road of travel of the vehicle whereas the secondary region is a region other than the primary region that may contain objects or matters of interest."
and wherein the control device is configured to adapt a light emission of at least one segment of the lighting element based on the control algorithm of the control device in dependence on at least the detected object.
Naik discloses ([0012]): "The duty cycle provides timing details that identifies at what rate the frames from the capture image device are processed and when the illumination from the headlamps will be directed on the secondary region. The duty cycle is determined by the AFL controller 22 based on a respective system operating mode that identifies the type of scanning mode that the image capture device will be operating under. For example, the active lighting system may be operating in modes that utilize an azimuth glance operating mode, an elevation operating mode, or a scanning operating mode." Naik further discloses ([0013]): "The azimuth glance operating mode includes redirecting the one or both headlamps 16 and 18 in a horizontal direction for capturing details of the environment along or on the sides of the road. For example, the azimuth glance operating mode includes a road geometry determination mode, a road-side sign recognition mode, a pedestrian detection mode, a deer detection mode, or road-side object definition mode. The road geometry determination mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images in the road of travel and the sides of the traveled road for identifying a geometry of the road. The road-side sign recognition mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images to the sides of the traveled road for identifying locations where road signs are potentially located. The pedestrian recognition mode operates so that the camera is actuated to capture images to the sides of the traveled road for identifying locations where pedestrians are potentially located." Naik even further discloses ([0014]): "The elevation glance mode includes redirecting the one or both headlamps 16 and 18 in a vertical direction to provide illumination in those regions so the image capture device may capture details of the objects elevated above the road. Such objects may include overhead signs and other overhead objects." Naik still further discloses ([0017]): "The viewing angle as captured by the image capture device 12 is often adequate to capture the entire road and surrounding regions; however, not all objects captured within viewing angle may have adequate light directed on them for machine recognition analysis of the object. Therefore, it is pertinent to have the targeted region of the viewing angle illuminated. The vehicle's AFL system is used to selectively and timely redirect the headlamps from the primary region to the secondary region so that the targeted region is illuminated at a time when the captured image device captures and processes the illuminated secondary region."
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows:
1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art.
2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue.
3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art.
4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness.
Claim(s) 2 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Naik in view of Tatara (US 2009/0279317 A1).
Regarding claim 2, Naik teaches the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. Naik further teaches:
applying at least one of a mechanical threshold value for the mechanical degree of actuation or a virtual threshold value for the virtual degree of actuation,
Naik teaches ([0010]): "The headlamps are individually controlled by swiveling each headlamp via controlled steering up to a predetermined number of degrees (e.g., 20 degrees)."
However, Naik does not outright teach that the mechanical degree of actuation is less than the mechanical threshold value, and wherein the virtual degree of actuation is less than the virtual threshold value. Tatara teaches an automotive headlamp apparatus for controlling light distribution patterns, comprising:
wherein the mechanical degree of actuation is less than the mechanical threshold value,
Tatara teaches ([0136]): "FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a relationship between the swivel angle and the maximum correction angle. As shown in FIG. 15, the upper limit of correction angle θr to achieve a shaded upper beam is defined as a maximum correction angle θr-max and also a function is set so that the larger the swivel angle, the smaller the maximum correction angle θr-max becomes. The correction angle θr is set to its optimum value within the range of the maximum correction angle θr-max. In other words, the correction angle θr is set to the minimum correction angle that allows the driver's vehicle to travel with the shaded upper beam." FIG. 15, included blow, demonstrates that the mechanical degree of actuation (i.e. the optimum value within the range of the maximum correction angle) is less than the maximum correction angle.
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and wherein the virtual degree of actuation is less than the virtual threshold value.
Tatara teaches ([0146]): "If the automotive headlamp apparatus is comprised of a headlamp unit capable of varying the shape of a shaded region, it is preferable that the headlamp unit controls the shape of a shaded region in such a manner that the vehicle existent area can be contained within the minimum shaded region. As a result, both the enhancement of distant visibility and the reduction of glare as experienced by the drivers of the vehicles-in-front are achieved quite effectively... At the same time, if the automotive headlamp apparatus is comprised of a swivelable headlamp unit, it is preferable that the headlamp unit variably controls the shape of a shaded region in such a manner that the vehicle existent area can be contained in the minimum shaded region within a range of the maximum correction angle of the swivel angle."
It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Naik to incorporate the teachings of Tatara to provide that the mechanical degree of actuation is less than the mechanical threshold value, and wherein the virtual degree of actuation is less than the virtual threshold value. Naik and Tatara are each directed towards similar pursuits in the field of controlling the shape of lighting regions by a vehicle. Further, both Naik and Tatara utilize headlamps with swiveling actuation. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art would find it advantageous to incorporate the teachings of Tatara, as doing so enables selecting an optimum actuation value less than a maximum correction angle, as recognized by Tatara (see at least [0136]). Further, incorporating the virtual threshold value of Tatara advantageously allows for controlling of the lighting zone to reduce glare experienced by drivers of vehicles in front of a host vehicle, as recognized by Tatara (see at least [0146]).
Claim(s) 8 and 14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Naik in view of Roehder (US 2013/0211672 A1).
Regarding claim 8, Naik teaches the aforementioned limitations of claim 1. However, Naik does not outright teach that when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm considers at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor. Roehder teaches a time-of-flight camera for a motor vehicle including an illumination with a light source and an optic for illuminating an illumination area, comprising:
when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm considers at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor.
Roehder teaches ([0036]): "Of course, further and/or other operating parameters can be taken into account when controlling the actuation device 14 and with this the illumination area 17. For example, an illumination area 17 can be selected depending on which vehicle system 2 or which function is to analyze the data of the Time-Of-Flight camera at a given moment. For recognizing road signs for example, a short-range illumination area 17 with wide opening angle is required, while when observing other road users driving in front, a great range at small opening angle is desired, comparable also to the differences of FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, illumination areas 17a and 17b. Then, two modes of operation of the Time-Of-Flight camera can for example be provided of which one is selected depending on the actually active function. However, the speed of the motor vehicle relative to objects in the environment can also be observed, for example in the case of a pedestrian, where the relative speed between a pedestrian and the motor vehicle 1 is a criteria for adjusting the illumination area. As can be seen, a multitude of possibilities are conceivable to adjust the illumination area to the actual driving situation."
It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Naik to incorporate the teachings of Roehder to provide that when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm considers at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor. Naik and Roehder are each directed towards similar pursuits in the field of controlling the shape of lighting regions by a vehicle. Further, both Naik and Roehder utilize actuating light sources. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art would find it advantageous to incorporate the teachings of Roehder, as considering the relative speed of the detected object advantageously allows for the adjustment of the illumination area based on the actual driving situation detected by the vehicle, as recognized by Roehder (see at least [0036]).
Regarding claim 14, Naik teaches the aforementioned limitations of claim 10. However, Naik does not outright teach that when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm takes into account at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor. Roehder teaches a time-of-flight camera for a motor vehicle including an illumination with a light source and an optic for illuminating an illumination area, comprising:
when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm takes into account at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor.
Roehder teaches ([0036]): "Of course, further and/or other operating parameters can be taken into account when controlling the actuation device 14 and with this the illumination area 17. For example, an illumination area 17 can be selected depending on which vehicle system 2 or which function is to analyze the data of the Time-Of-Flight camera at a given moment. For recognizing road signs for example, a short-range illumination area 17 with wide opening angle is required, while when observing other road users driving in front, a great range at small opening angle is desired, comparable also to the differences of FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, illumination areas 17a and 17b. Then, two modes of operation of the Time-Of-Flight camera can for example be provided of which one is selected depending on the actually active function. However, the speed of the motor vehicle relative to objects in the environment can also be observed, for example in the case of a pedestrian, where the relative speed between a pedestrian and the motor vehicle 1 is a criteria for adjusting the illumination area. As can be seen, a multitude of possibilities are conceivable to adjust the illumination area to the actual driving situation."
It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Naik to incorporate the teachings of Roehder to provide that when adapting the light emission, the control algorithm takes into account at least a relative speed of the detected object, which is determined on the basis of at least one sensor. Naik and Roehder are each directed towards similar pursuits in the field of controlling the shape of lighting regions by a vehicle. Further, both Naik and Roehder utilize actuating light sources. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art would find it advantageous to incorporate the teachings of Roehder, as considering the relative speed of the detected object advantageously allows for the adjustment of the illumination area based on the actual driving situation detected by the vehicle, as recognized by Roehder (see at least [0036]).
Conclusion
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure.
Mochizuki et al. (US 2022/0034469 A1) teaches a vehicle headlight, including the use of a light distribution pattern for radiating emitted light in a high luminous intensity region and a low luminous intensity region; the high and low luminous intensity regions are controlled to change at least one of size and position of the regions (see at least [0006]). Yamamura (US 2013/0038736 A1) teaches an optical unit for a vehicle, including adjusting a light distribution pattern if a vehicle-in-front is identified as a self-luminous object experiencing glare due to the light directed at the vehicle-in-front and enacting control for blocking light in a region including the vehicle-in-front (see at least [0177]).
THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a).
A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action.
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/F.T.G./Examiner, Art Unit 3662
/DALE W HILGENDORF/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3662
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