DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101
35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows:
Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.
Claims 1-12 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 because claimed invention is directed to non-statutory subject matter. The claim(s) does/do not fall within at least one of the four categories of patent eligible subject matter because claims 1 and 12 include the operative contingent conditions of “if”. Since the claim limitations have a conditional change, the “if” operating mode introduces steps that can be done by pen/paper and/or one’s own mind (i.e., a mental process).
Claim 10 is rejected under 35 US.C. § 101 because the claimed invention is directed to nonstatutory subject matter. The claim are drawn to a “computer program” that is loadable into a memory and accessible by a controller, the computer program product comprising instructions for performing steps when the computer program is run on the controller. The instant claim fails to strictly preclude embodiments that may be transitory signals and therefore can be interpreted as software per se, which is not patent eligible. Thus, applying the broadest reasonable interpretation in light of the Specification and taking into account the meaning of the words in their ordinary usage as they would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art (MPEP §2111.01), the claim as a whole covers a transitory signal, as such, does not fall within the definition of a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter (MPEP §2106.01). Therefore, claim 18 is directed towards non-statutory subject matter (See MPEP section 2106, Seventh Edition, Revision No. dated February 2000, at page 2100-10 and 2100-11).
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(d):
(d) REFERENCE IN DEPENDENT FORMS.—Subject to subsection (e), a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers.
The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, fourth paragraph:
Subject to the following paragraph [i.e., the fifth paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112], a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers.
Claim 11 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(d) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, 4th paragraph, as being of improper dependent form for failing to further limit the subject matter of the claim upon which it depends, or for failing to include all the limitations of the claim upon which it depends. Claim 10 already positively recites a non-transitory computer readable medium. It is therefore not clear to one of ordinary skill in the art how claim 11 is further limiting of claim 10 upon which it depends. Applicant may cancel the claim(s), amend the claim(s) to place the claim(s) in proper dependent form, rewrite the claim(s) in independent form, or present a sufficient showing that the dependent claim(s) complies with the statutory requirements.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claims 1-4, 6, 10-13, and 15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Cousineau (WO 2007132303) in view of Burra (EP 2306001).
Regarding claims 1 and 10-12;
Cousineau discloses a method for controlling an electro-mechanical actuation system of a wind turbine (Figure 1), a controller and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with a computer program stored thereon, and a processor (pitch control processor, an embedded or PLC type control system), the electro-mechanical actuation system including an electro-mechanical actuator configured to be connected to a DC link intermediate circuit (“a single electric motor is used to drive the blade pitch gearbox which in turn drives the blade pitch bearing”) and an energy storage unit connectable to the DC link intermediate circuit via a converter (“Supper Capacitor energy storage bank connected in parallel with the Servo Amplifier DC bus”), the method comprising: providing first information which is representative of an operating mode of the electro-mechanical actuator, wherein the operating mode can either be a first operating mode or a second operating mode (“when the servo motor is being driven into a generator mode by the weight or counter balance of the blade during certain pitch activity”); and, if the operating mode is the second operating mode, generating an activating command for the converter (“The Pitch Processor allows a second method of battery charging, through the Regeneration Resistor control line. This is usually turned on when the servo motor is being driven into a generator mode”) which is configured to cause the converter to regulate at least one of a voltage and a power at the DC link intermediate circuit such that energy is transferred from the DC link intermediate circuit into the energy storage unit (“The level of capacitor charge is directly proportional to its voltage and is monitored by the Pitch Processor Control via the DC Bus Voltage Sense input line”). The “computer program” and its respective instructions are provided above in the method steps (“Pitch Control Processor, an embedded or PLC type control system” which includes the instructions and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium).
Cousineau fails to teach the converter being a bidirectional converter.
Burra teaches a multi-use energy storage for renewable sources, the system connects the storage devices to a DC link by a bidirectional converter (“The system 40 further includes one or more energy storage devices 54 which are coupled to the DC link 46 via one or more respective bidirectional DC to DC converters 56”).
Because Cousineau and Burra both are directed to energy storage systems for wind turbine applications through DC bus architecture, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the system architecture of Cousineau such that the converter is a bidirectional converter as taught by Burra for the purposes of enabling flow from the DC link to the energy storage device to the DC link, thereby providing improved energy recovery during regeneration events and power assist during high demand motoring.
Regarding claim 2, Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the method according to claim 1 above. Cousineau as modified by Burra further teaches the first operating mode is an electrical power consuming mode of the electro-mechanical actuator, and the second operating mode is an electrical power generating mode of the electro-mechanical actuator (“when the servo motor is being driven into a generator mode” explicitly identifies the power generating mode; the power consuming mode is the pitching mode of the servo motor; Cousineau), the method further comprising: providing second information which is representative of one of an actual voltage and an actual power at the DC link intermediate circuit (“monitored by the pitch processor control via the DC bus voltage sense input line”; Cousineau); determining third information (Burra: DC link voltage setpoint) in dependence upon the second information, wherein the third information is an operating information for the converter and is representative of one of a DC link voltage setpoint and a DC link power setpoint (Cousineau as modified by Burra: pitch processor monitors voltage and controls charging based on capacitor charge level; error amplifier compares actual to a setpoint), wherein, for the second operating mode, the third information is based on one of: the DC link voltage setpoint is lesser than the actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit (Cousineau as modified by Burra: in generator mode, the regenerated energy raised DC bus voltage above nominal, and charging brings it down).
Regarding claim 3, Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the method according to claim 2 above. Cousineau as modified by Burra further teaches the converter is operated according to the third information, the voltage a at the DC link intermediate circuit is regulated by the converter until the DC link voltage setpoint is attained, by transferring energy from the DC link intermediate circuit to the energy storage unit, thus charging the energy storage unit up (the SCR’s along with the DC current measurement (current sensor) is used in a standard ‘off the shelf’ arrangement of error amplifier and gate driver…to control the charging sequence; there is then a loop control until the setpoint is reached).
Regarding claim 4, Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the method according to claim 2 above. Cousineau further discloses providing fourth information (minimum predefined voltage) which is representative of a minimum predefined voltage at the DC link intermediate circuit (pitch processor monitors voltage levels with defined thresholds for charging control), wherein: if the operating mode is the second operating mode, the activating command is only generated if a comparison between the fourth information and the second information reveals one of the following: the actual voltage is above the minimum predefined voltage (pitch processor monitors voltage via DC bus voltage sense input line and controls charging; charging (activating command) would only be beneficial when the DC bus voltage is above the minimum level where regenerating energy is available; below the minimum voltage, there is no excess energy to transfer to storage).
Regarding claim 6, Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the method according to claim 4 above. Cousineau further discloses the DC link intermediate circuit has a first side and a second side and is connectable to a first converter (rectifier D1-D6) on the first side and to a second converter (servo amplifier) on the second side; the DC link intermediate circuit is configured to be powered from a supply grid via the first converter; and, the DC link intermediate circuit is configured to be connected to the electro-mechanical actuator via the second converter (first converter being at the grid and the second converter at the actuator; “a three-phase bridge rectifier D1-D6” (first side) and “servo amplifier supplying three phase AC power that drives said AC motor” (second side)); the method further comprising: providing sixth information which is representative of one of a rectified supply grid voltage (rectified supply grid voltage and grid current load power; when not in regeneration mode, the DC bus voltage corresponds to the rectified grid voltage; see Page 4, Line 33 – Page 5, Line 30); wherein, if the operating mode is the second operating mode: the third information is also determined in dependence upon the sixth information so that: the DC link voltage setpoint is greater than the rectified supply grid voltage (Page 14, Line 6 to Page 15, Line 21); and, the fourth information (charging information) is also determined in dependence upon the sixth information so that one of: the minimum predefined voltage is greater than the rectified supply grid voltage (energy storage operates at voltage above the grid-rectified baseline; minimum predefined voltage as a threshold below which charging is not triggered: the super capacitor bank operate between 150V and 250V, and the minimum predefined voltage must be set above whatever baseline voltage the rectified grid would provide to the super capacitor circuit; the voltage level operation is then distinct form the main rectified gris bus, thereby ensuring charging activation responds only to regenerative events, not normal grid fluctuations).
Regarding claim 13;
Cousineau discloses an electro-mechanical actuation system for a wind turbine (Figure 1), the electro-mechanical actuation system comprising: a first converter (three phase AC power is rectified by a three phase bridge rectifier D1-D6) connected to a supply grid (three-phase electrical grid power); a DC link intermediate circuit (servo amplifier DC bus) having a first side, said DC link intermediate circuit being connected on said first side to said first converter (D1-D6 outputs to the DC bus) and configured to be powered from the supply grid via said first converter (servo amplifier powered by three-phase electrical power drives an AC motor); a converter (“Supper Capacitor energy storage bank connected in parallel with the Servo Amplifier DC bus”), an electro-mechanical actuator (AC motor that changes the pitch of the rotor blades); an energy storage unit (super capacitor type energy storage) connected to said DC link intermediate circuit via said converter; a controller having a processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium having a computer program including a plurality of instructions stored thereon (pitch control processor an embedded or PLC type control system); wherein the plurality of instructions are configured, when the computer program is executed by the processor, to cause the controller to: provide first information which is representative of an operating mode of the electro-mechanical actuator, wherein the operating mode can either be a first operating mode or a second operating mode (pitch mode or generator mode); and, i if the operating mode is the second operating mode, generating an activating command for the converter (“The Pitch Processor allows a second method of battery charging, through the Regeneration Resistor control line. This is usually turned on when the servo motor is being driven into a generator mode”) which is configured to cause the converter to regulate at least one of a voltage and a power at the DC link intermediate circuit such that energy is transferred from the DC link intermediate circuit into the energy storage unit (“The level of capacitor charge is directly proportional to its voltage and is monitored by the Pitch Processor Control via the DC Bus Voltage Sense input line”); the electro-mechanical actuator being connected to the DC link intermediate circuit (the servo amplifier (connected to the DC bus) drives the AC motor, placing the actuator on the second side opposite the grid rectifier); the controller being configured to control the converter according to the activating command (the pitch processor control regulates the charging system by switching between charge and operate); and, the converter being configured to regulate a voltage at the DC link intermediate circuit upon reception of the activating command such that energy is transferred from the DC link intermediate circuit into the energy storage unit (“the level of capacitor charge is directly proportional to its voltage and is monitored by the pitch processor control via the DC bus voltage sense input line”).
Cousineau fails to teach the converter which is bidirectional.
Burra teaches a multi-use energy storage for renewable sources, the system connects the storage devices to a DC link by a bidirectional converter (“The system 40 further includes one or more energy storage devices 54 which are coupled to the DC link 46 via one or more respective bidirectional DC to DC converters 56”).
Because Cousineau and Burra both are directed to energy storage systems for wind turbine applications through DC bus architecture, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the system architecture of Cousineau such that the converter is a bidirectional converter as taught by Burra for the purposes of enabling flow from the DC link to the energy storage device to the DC link, thereby providing improved energy recovery during regeneration events and power assist during high demand motoring.
Regarding claim 15, Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the system according to claim 13 above. Cousineau further discloses a first measuring device connected to the DC link intermediate circuit and configured to measure an actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit (“monitored by the pitch processor control via the DC bus voltage sense input line”); and, a second measuring device connected to the energy storage unit and configured to measure an actual charging voltage of the energy storage unit (the level of capacitor charge is directly proportional to its voltage and is monitored by the pitch processor control).
Claims 5, 7-9, and 14 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Cousineau (WO 2007132303) in view of Burra (EP 2306001), and further in view of Becker (US 20120169051).
Regarding claim 5;
Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the method according to claim 2 above. Cousineau further discloses an energy dissipating element is connectable to the DC link intermediate circuit (the pitch processor allows a second method of battery charging through the regeneration resistor control line).
Cousineau fails to teach providing fifth information which is representative of one of an upper threshold voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit and an upper threshold power of the DC link intermediate circuit; wherein, if the operating mode is the second operating mode, the activating command is only generated if the comparison between the second information and the fifth information reveals at least one of: the actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit is below the upper threshold voltage, and, the actual power of the DC link intermediate circuit is below the upper threshold power; and, wherein a chopper command is generated if the operating mode is the second operating mode and if the comparison between the second information and the fifth information reveals at least one of: the actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit is equal to or above the upper threshold voltage, and, the actual power of the DC link intermediate circuit is equal to or above the upper threshold power; and, wherein the chopper command is configured to cause energy transfer from the DC link intermediate circuit to the energy dissipating element.
Becker teaches an adjustment device for blade pitch adjustment systems for wind energy with a DC link circuit. Becker further teaches an upper threshold voltage (Paragraph 63; overvoltage protection requires an upper threshold voltage to trigger), and an overvoltage condition detection (“if the motor is operated such that it increases the voltages at the outputs, this leads to a reverse current flow and to an overvoltage at terminals”; Paragraph 47). With the overvoltage protection, normal charging (activating command) only occurs when the voltage is below the overvoltage threshold; when above the threshold, the system enters protective dissipation mode rather than charging mode. The voltage is dissipated by regularly opening and closing the switch S7; “regularly opening and closing” is considered a chopper operation and is triggered when overvoltage conditions exist. The chopper command is configured to cause energy transfer from the DC link to the energy dissipating element (“A series circuit comprising the switches S1 and S4, a series circuit comprising the switches S3 and S6, a series circuit comprising switches S5 and S2, and a series circuit comprising the switch S7, and the resistor”; energy is then dissipated by resistor R).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the method of Cousineau such that providing fifth information which is representative of an upper threshold voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit; wherein, if the operating mode is the second operating mode, the activating command is only generated if the comparison between the second information and the fifth information reveals: the actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit is below the upper threshold voltage; and, wherein a chopper command is generated if the operating mode is the second operating mode and if the comparison between the second information and the fifth information reveals: the actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit is equal to or above the upper threshold voltage; and, wherein the chopper command is configured to cause energy transfer from the DC link intermediate circuit to the energy dissipating element as taught by Becker for the purposes of providing precise energy dissipation and improved safety to prevent overvoltage damage.
Regarding claim 7;
Cousineau in view of Burra teaches the method according to claim 1 above. Cousineau further discloses providing seventh information which is representative of one of a nominal charging voltage of the energy storage unit (250V is the target nominal charging voltage), providing eighth information which is representative of an actual charging voltage of the energy storage unit (level of capacitor charge is directly proportional to its voltage and is monitored by the Pitch Processor Control), the activating command is only generated if the actual charging voltage does not exceed the nominal charging voltage by more than a critical voltage threshold (Cousineau monitors the capacitor charge level and controls charging via the pitch processor; the system prevents overcharging beyond the rated voltage (300V per the calculation section) to avoid damage to the super capacitor(s); 150-250 is the operating range for safe operating limits).
Cousineau fails to teach a chopper command is generated if the operating mode is the second operating mode and if the comparison between the seventh information and the eighth information reveals at least one of: the actual charging voltage of the energy storage unit exceeds the nominal charging voltage by more than the critical voltage threshold, and, the actual charging power of the energy storage unit exceeds the nominal charging power by more than the critical power threshold; and, wherein said chopper command is configured to cause the transfer of energy from the DC link intermediate circuit to an energy dissipating element.
Becker teaches a chopper command is generated if the operating mode is the second operating mode and if the comparison between two sets of information reveals that the actual charging voltage of the energy storage unit exceeds the nominal charging voltage more than the critical voltage threshold (the voltage is dissipated by regularly opening and closing the switch S7; when the overvoltage condition exists (storage full, can’t accept more charge), the chopper activates to dissipate the excess energy), and the chopper command is configured to cause an energy transfer from a circuit to an energy dissipating element (a series circuit comprising the switch S7 and the resistor R; the resistor R is the energy dissipating element and the voltage is dissipated).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the method of Cousineau such that a chopper command is generated if the operating mode is the second operating mode and if the comparison between the seventh information and the eighth information reveals the actual charging voltage of the energy storage unit exceeds the nominal charging voltage by more than the critical voltage threshold; and, wherein said chopper command is configured to cause the transfer of energy from the DC link intermediate circuit to an energy dissipating element as taught by Becker for the purposes of providing precise energy dissipation and improved safety to prevent overvoltage damage.
Regarding claim 8, Cousineau in view of Burra and Becker teaches the method according to claim 7 above. Cousineau as modified by Burra and Becker further teaches a discharging command is generated if the first operating mode and actual charging is above the nominal (Burra: “the transient power or the temporary power boost may be increased by five to ten percent for up to ten seconds”; during high demand motoring (first operating mode), when the storage has excess charge (above nominal), the energy is discharged to assist the discharge during high demand; Burra: “converter 56 then provides the demanded transient power to the DC link from the energy storage device”; the bidirectional converter discharges storage to the DC link during power consuming transients). Additionally, Cousineau as modified by Burra and Becker teaches the transfer energy from the energy storage unit to the electro-mechanical actuator via the DC link (Burra: “converter 56 then provides the demanded transient power to the DC link from the energy storage device”; the energy flows from storage [Wingdings font/0xE0]converter[Wingdings font/0xE0]DC link[Wingdings font/0xE0]actuator). Thus, the combination of Cousineau and Burra teaches the bidirectional converter discharge capability.
Regarding claim 9, Cousineau in view of Burra and Becker teaches the method according to claim 8 above. Cousineau as modified by Burra further teaches the first operating mode is an electrical power consuming mode of the electro-mechanical actuator, and the second operating mode is an electrical power generating mode of the electro-mechanical actuator (“when the servo motor is being driven into a generator mode” explicitly identifies the power generating mode; the power consuming mode is the pitching mode of the servo motor; Cousineau), the method further comprising: providing second information which is representative of one of an actual voltage and an actual power at the DC link intermediate circuit (“monitored by the pitch processor control via the DC bus voltage sense input line”; Cousineau); determining third information (Burra: DC link voltage setpoint) in dependence upon the second information, wherein the third information is an operating information for the converter and is representative of one of a DC link voltage setpoint and a DC link power setpoint (Cousineau as modified by Burra: pitch processor monitors voltage and controls charging based on capacitor charge level; error amplifier compares actual to a setpoint), wherein, for the second operating mode, the third information is based on one of: the DC link voltage setpoint is lesser than the actual voltage of the DC link intermediate circuit (Cousineau as modified by Burra: in generator mode, the regenerated energy raised DC bus voltage above nominal, and charging brings it down). Cousineau as modified by Burra further teaches the converter is operated according to the third information, the voltage a at the DC link intermediate circuit is regulated by the converter until the DC link voltage setpoint is attained, by transferring energy from the DC link intermediate circuit to the energy storage unit, thus charging the energy storage unit up (the SCR’s along with the DC current measurement (current sensor) is used in a standard ‘off the shelf’ arrangement of error amplifier and gate driver…to control the charging sequence; there is then a loop control until the setpoint is reached).
Regarding claim 14;
Cousineau in view of Burra and Becker teaches the system according to claim 13 above. Cousineau further discloses a second converter connected to a second side of the DC link intermediate circuit (see claim 1 of Cousineau; the servo amplifier includes an inverter connected to the DC bus and outputting to the motor).
Cousineau fails to teach a braking resistor connected to the DC link intermediate circuit via a switching module being communicatively coupled to the controller.
Becker further teaches a braking resistor as part of the circuit (“ a series circuit comprising the switch S, and the resistor R) connected via a switching module (resistor R connected to switch S, the switching module connecting the resistor to the DC link intermediate circuit) and the switching module being communicatively coupled to the controller (each of the switches is controlled by a pulse width modulated signal; the inverter has a multiplicity of switches which are each provided between a node on the DC voltage side and a node on the AC voltage side).
It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the system of Cousineau such that a braking resistor connected to the DC link intermediate circuit via a switching module being communicatively coupled to the controller as taught by Becker for the purposes of providing a controlled energy dissipation, enabling precise energy management when storage is full or during overvoltage conditions, improving system reliability and component protection.
Pertinent Prior Art
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure.
More (US 9077204) discloses an electrical power generation system has a switch (125) activated upon receipt of control signals from a system command unit (SCU) (121). The SCU causes the switch to be activated to one of open and closed position upon receipt of information from a control network (135) so that energy storage device (127) sends and does not send electricity to power converter (109) when switch is closed and open, respectively. The SCU causes a first rectifier (123) to pass electricity to the energy storage device until charge of energy storage device reaches a predetermined limit.
Busker (US 11563341) discloses a method (300) involves starting (310) a discharging process of an electrical storage device of an uninterruptible power supply at a specific point in time. The discharging process is performed (320) until the electrical storage device has a predetermined discharging voltage. The discharge current of the electrical storage device is detected (330) during the discharging process. The capacity of the electrical storage device is determined (340) from the detected discharge current.
Alam (US 20120280569) discloses a system (10) has a voltage source converter (VSC) with direct current (DC)-link input electrical circuit which is provided to receive input electrical power from a power source. A voltage controller is connected to a voltage pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation index control input. A current controller is connected to a phase control input. The voltage and current controllers enables the voltage source converter to independently provide compensating real power and reactive power to the power grid during a time period of the fault.
Conclusion
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JUSTIN D SEABE whose telephone number is (571)272-4961. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday, 9:00-5:30.
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/JUSTIN D SEABE/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3745
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