Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/974,223

VEHICLE STEERING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING THE SAME

Non-Final OA §102§103§112
Filed
Dec 09, 2024
Examiner
GANCI, MATTHEW JOSEPH
Art Unit
3614
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
HL Mando Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
95%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
1y 8m
To Grant
89%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 95% — above average
95%
Career Allow Rate
89 granted / 94 resolved
+42.7% vs TC avg
Minimal -5% lift
Without
With
+-5.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Fast prosecutor
1y 8m
Avg Prosecution
10 currently pending
Career history
104
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.1%
-38.9% vs TC avg
§103
51.7%
+11.7% vs TC avg
§102
32.1%
-7.9% vs TC avg
§112
13.0%
-27.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 94 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103 §112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 Claims 18-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 18 recites the limitation "two or more mountains " in line 3 of the claim language. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-2 and 7 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Daumal (FR Patent FR 2730971 A1). With regards to Claim 1: Daumal teaches a vehicle steering device, comprising: a steering shaft (9) having a toothed portion having a plurality of mountains and valleys axially formed on an outer circumferential surface of an end portion thereof and circumferentially arranged (ribs on 9), and rotated with a steering wheel (6) to transfer a steering force; an upper column (1) formed in a hollow shape and having the steering shaft coupled to and rotatingly supported on an inner circumferential side thereof; and a shaft fixing member (2) having one side end coupled to the steering shaft and another side end coupled to the upper column to fix the steering shaft (seen in Fig 1). With regards to Claim 2: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 1 as annotated Fig 1 below, wherein the shaft fixing member (2) includes: a shaft coupling portion (shaft coupling portion) where an end portion of the steering shaft is inserted; a tube coupling portion (tube coupling portion) coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the upper column; and a body portion (body portion) connecting the shaft coupling portion and the tube coupling portion. PNG media_image1.png 612 640 media_image1.png Greyscale Annotated Daumal Fig 1 With regards to Claim 7: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 2, wherein the tube coupling portion (tube coupling portion) includes: an end portion support portion (between 4 and shaft coupling portion) supported on an end portion of the upper column (1); and an outer circumferential surface support portion (between 4 and tube coupling portion) extending from the end portion support portion and supported on an outer circumferential surface of the upper column. Claim 1 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Magnus et al (US Patent Publication US 2018/0238400 A1). With regards to Claim 1: Magnus et al teaches a vehicle steering device, comprising: a steering shaft (17) having a toothed portion having a plurality of mountains and valleys axially formed on an outer circumferential surface of an end portion thereof and circumferentially arranged (at 18 and 19), and rotated with a steering wheel (6) to transfer a steering force; an upper column (23) formed in a hollow shape and having the steering shaft coupled to and rotatingly supported on an inner circumferential side thereof; and a shaft fixing member (56 and 58) having one side end coupled to the steering shaft and another side end coupled to the upper column to fix the steering shaft (seen in Fig 2). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 8 and 17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Daumal (FR Patent FR 2730971 A1). With regards to Claim 8: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 7, but does not teach the end portion support portion (between 4 and shaft coupling portion) extends with a diameter increased toward an outer circumference of the body portion (body portion of Annotated Fig 1 above) to be larger than a diameter of the upper column (1) and is axially supported on the end portion of the upper column. It would have been an obvious matter of design choice to make the end portion support portion extends with a diameter increased toward an outer circumference of the body portion to be larger than a diameter of the upper column and is axially supported on the end portion of the upper column to streamline the shape of the steering column reduce material costs and be aesthetically pleasing for the vehicle occupants. Furthermore, a change in form or shape is generally recognized as being within the level of ordinary skill in the art, absent any showing of unexpected results. With regards to Claim 17: Daumal teaches a method for assembling a steering device, comprising: a shaft aligning step of aligning a steering shaft (3) in the steering device; a shaft coupling step of coupling one end portion of a shaft fixing member (2) to an end portion of the steering shaft; and an upper column coupling step of coupling another end portion of the shaft fixing member to the upper column (1) by axially moving the shaft fixing member. Daumal does not teach aligning the steering shaft to a neutral position It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the method for assembling a steering device disclosed in Daumal with the aligning of components at a neutral position with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have had all the components aligned to allow for easy assembly. Claim 17 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Magnus et al (US Patent Publication US 2018/0238400 A1). With regards to Claim 17: Magnus et al teaches a method for assembling a steering device, comprising: a shaft aligning step of aligning a steering shaft (17) in the steering device; a shaft coupling step of coupling one end portion of a shaft fixing member (56 and 58) to an end portion of the steering shaft; and an upper column coupling step of coupling another end portion of the shaft fixing member to the upper column (23) by axially moving the shaft fixing member. Magnus et al does not teach aligning the steering shaft to a neutral position It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the method for assembling a steering device disclosed in Magnus et al with the aligning of components at a neutral position with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have had all the components aligned to allow for easy assembly. Claims 3-6 and 15-16 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Daumal (FR Patent FR 2730971 A1) in view of Ross (EP Patent EP 0860344 A2). With regards to Claim 3: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 2, but does not teach the mountains and valleys corresponding to the mountains and valleys of the toothed portion (ribs on 9) are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion. Ross teaches a steering column comprising a steering shaft (31) with a toothed portion (57) and a shaft fixing member (83) comprising a shaft coupling portion wherein mountains and valleys (89) corresponding to the mountains and valleys of the toothed portion are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device disclosed in Daumal with the teeth on the shaft coupling portion taught in Ross with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the components in the desired position. With regards to Claim 4: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 2, but does not teach at least one insertion protrusion inserted to the valley of the toothed portion (ribs on 9) is provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion. Ross teaches a steering column comprising a steering shaft (31) with a toothed portion (57) and a shaft fixing member (83) comprising a shaft coupling portion wherein insertion protrusions (89) corresponding to the mountains and valleys of the toothed portion are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion (89). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device disclosed in Daumal with the insertion protrusions on the shaft coupling portion taught in Ross with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the components in the desired position. With regards to Claim 5: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 2, wherein a mountain connecting portion circumferentially connecting two or more mountains (ribs on 9) is provided on an outer circumferential surface of an end portion of the steering shaft (9). Daumal does not teach a pair of insertion protrusions respectively inserted to valleys on two circumferentially opposite sides of the mountain connecting portion are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion. Ross teaches a steering column comprising a steering shaft (31) with a toothed portion (57) and a shaft fixing member (83) comprising a shaft coupling portion wherein insertion protrusions (89) corresponding to the mountains and valleys of the toothed portion are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion (89). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device disclosed in Daumal with the insertion protrusions on the shaft coupling portion taught in Ross with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the components in the desired position. With regards to Claim 6: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 2, wherein a valley connecting portion circumferentially connecting two or more valleys (valleys between ribs on 9) is provided on an outer circumferential surface of an end portion of the steering shaft (9) Daumal does not teach an insertion protrusion tightly contacting an inside of the valley connecting portion is provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion. Ross teaches a steering column comprising a steering shaft (31) with a toothed portion (57) and a shaft fixing member (83) comprising a shaft coupling portion wherein insertion protrusions (89) corresponding to the mountains and valleys of the toothed portion are provided on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion (89). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device disclosed in Daumal with the insertion protrusions on the shaft coupling portion taught in Ross with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the components in the desired position. With regards to Claim 15: The combination of Daumal and Ross teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 5, but does not teach at least one protruding end portion formed to radially protrude is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the shaft coupling portion (Ross 89). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device taught in the combination of Daumal and Ross with the at least one protruding end portion with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have allowed a user to place the shaft coupling portion at the desired location. With regards to Claim 16: The combination of Daumal, Ross, and Tanke et al teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 15, but does not teach the protruding end portion is provided on a radial outer circumferential surface facing the inner circumferential surface where the insertion protrusion (ross 89) is formed. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device taught in the combination of Daumal and Ross with the at least one protruding end portion with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have allowed a user to place the shaft coupling portion at the desired location. Claims 9-14 and 18-19 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Daumal (FR Patent FR 2730971 A1) in view of Tanke et al (US Patent Publication US 2009/0266195 A1). With regards to Claim 9: Daumal teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 8, wherein the outer circumferential surface support portion is formed to axially extend from an outer circumferential surface of the end portion support portion (between 4 and shaft coupling portion). Daumal does not teach a support portion and has a support portion provided at the extended end portion to be supported on the outer circumferential surface of the upper column (1). Tanke et al teaches a steering column comprising a steering shaft (30), an upper column (22), a support portion (40) wherein the support portion provided at the extended end portion to be supported on the outer circumferential surface of the upper column (seen in Fig 3). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device disclosed in Daumal with the support portion taught in Magnus et al with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the shaft fixing member to the upper column. With regards to Claim 10: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 9, wherein the support portion (Tanke 40) is formed to radially protrude from an inner surface of an end portion of the outer circumferential surface support portion (via Daumal 2). With regards to Claim 11: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 10, wherein the upper column (Daumal 1) has a fixing hole (per Tanke Fig 2) penetrating an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface to have the support portion inserted and fixed. With regards to Claim 12: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 11, wherein side surfaces of the support portion are vertically connected with a side surface of the outer circumferential surface support portion (via Daumal 2), and wherein an inner surface of the support portion is formed as a convex surface (seen in valleys of teeth per Tanke Fig 2). The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al does not teach two opposite side surfaces of the support portion. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to have two opposite side surfaces of the support portion to further secure the shaft fixing member. Furthermore, it has been held that mere duplication of the essential working parts of a device involves only routine skill in the art. With regards to Claim 13: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 10, wherein an insertion groove (per Tanke Fig 2) where the support portion (Tanke 40) is inserted and fixed is provided in the outer circumferential surface of the upper column (Daumal 1). With regards to Claim 14: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches the vehicle steering device of claim 13, wherein the side surface of the support portion (Tanke 40) is vertically connected with a side surface of the outer circumferential surface support portion (via Daumal 2), and wherein an inner surface of the support portion is formed as a convex surface (seen in valleys of teeth per Tanke Fig 2). The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al does not teach two opposite side surfaces of the support portion. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to have two opposite side surfaces of the support portion to further secure the shaft fixing member. Furthermore, it has been held that mere duplication of the essential working parts of a device involves only routine skill in the art. With regards to Claim 18: Daumal teaches the method of claim 17, but does not teach the shaft coupling step axially inserts an insertion protrusion formed on an inner circumferential surface of the shaft fixing member (2) to a mountain connecting portion formed by connecting two or more mountains (ribs on 9) to an end portion of the steering shaft (9). Tanke et al teaches a steering column comprising a steering shaft (30), an upper column (22), a support portion (40) with an insertion protrusion (teeth on 40) wherein the support portion provided at the extended end portion to be supported on the outer circumferential surface of the upper column (seen in Fig 2). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device disclosed in Daumal with the support portion taught in Magnus et al with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the shaft fixing member to the upper column. With regards to Claim 19: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches the method of claim 18, wherein the upper column coupling step inserts a support portion (Tanke 40) formed to protrude on an outer circumferential surface support portion axially extending from another end portion of the shaft fixing member (Daumal 2) to a fixing hole (seen in Tanke Fig 2) formed in an outer circumferential surface of the upper column (Daumal 1). Claim 20 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Daumal (FR Patent FR 2730971 A1) in view of Tanke et al (US Patent Publication US 2009/0266195 A1) and in further view of Dubay et al (US Patent Publication US 2009/0056493 A1) With regards to Claim 20: The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al teaches method of claim 19, further comprising: where two opposite ends of the shaft fixing member (Daumal 2) are coupled to the steering shaft (Daumal 9) and the upper column (Daumal 1), to a body of a vehicle; and separating the shaft fixing member and coupling a steering wheel (Daumal 6) to the steering shaft while the steering device is fixed to the body. The combination of Daumal and Tanke et al does not teach a mounting bracket. Dubay et al teaches a steering column assembly (20) with a plurality of shafts (22 and 24) and a mounting bracket (56) to connect the steering column assembly to the vehicle. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the vehicle steering device taught in the combination of Daumal and Tanke with the mounting bracket taught in Dubay et al with a reasonable expectation of success because it would have secured the vehicle steering device to the body of the vehicle. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Matthew J Ganci whose telephone number is (571)272-6577. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday 7:30AM to 5:00PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Paul Dickson can be reached at (571) 272-7742. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MATTHEW JOSEPH GANCI/Examiner, Art Unit 3614 /PAUL N DICKSON/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3614
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Dec 09, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103, §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12594801
AXLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12503163
CROSS MEMBER, CHASSIS FRAME, VEHICLE, ASSEMBLING, AND DISASSEMBLING METHODS ASSOCIATED
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 23, 2025
Patent 12497105
INTEGRATED COMPONENTS FOR VEHICLES
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 16, 2025
Patent 12491942
Frame Casting Assembly For Work Machine Frame
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 09, 2025
Patent 12485976
Work Vehicle
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 02, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
95%
Grant Probability
89%
With Interview (-5.4%)
1y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 94 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month