Prosecution Insights
Last updated: July 17, 2026
Application No. 18/975,544

MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION FOR A MEMORY SYSTEM BASED ON INTERNAL ASYMMETRIC KEYS

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Dec 10, 2024
Priority
Oct 22, 2021 — provisional 63/270,924 +1 more
Examiner
MURPHY, JOSEPH B
Art Unit
Tech Center
Assignee
Micron Technology Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
90%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
5m
Est. Remaining
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 90% — above average
90%
Career Allowance Rate
577 granted / 639 resolved
+30.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +13% lift
Without
With
+12.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Fast prosecutor
2y 0m
Avg Prosecution
18 currently pending
Career history
645
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.0%
-36.0% vs TC avg
§103
59.5%
+19.5% vs TC avg
§102
11.5%
-28.5% vs TC avg
§112
14.4%
-25.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 639 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION This Office Action is in response to an application filed on December 10, 2024, in which claims 2 through 21 are pending, and ready for examination. Acknowledgement is made of Applicant’s claim for benefit as a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. Application No. 17/663,124 filed on May 12, 2022, now U.S. Patent No. 12,193,329, that application claiming benefit from Provisional Application No. 63/270,924 filed on October 22, 2021. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 2-8 and 10-21 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Cohen, et al., U.S. Patent No. 11,709,941 (hereinafter referred to as Cohen), in view of Mondello, et al., U.S. Pub. No. 2020/0312136 (hereinafter referred to as Mondello). With regard to claim 2, Cohen teaches receive… a certificate that indicates an identity of [a device] and is associated with an asymmetric key pair of the [device] (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6; disclosed DICE/TPM digital certificate indicates identity of device), the asymmetric key pair comprising a public key and a private key associated with the (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6); and perform one or more secure communications with the [device] based at least in part on receiving the certificate (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6). Cohen does not explicitly disclose, but Mondello teaches in the same field of endeavor, an interface comprising one or more signal paths operable for communications with a memory system (Mondello, [0091]); and processing circuitry coupled with the interface and configured to cause the host system (Mondello, [0060]; [0065]; [0093]-[0094]); [a] memory system (Mondello, [0056]-[0057]) [as the device in Cohen]. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to combine the teachings of Cohen with the teachings of Mondello. The motivation for this combination is to protect the integrity of code and data housed within the memory itself (Mondello, [0052]-[0053]). With regard to claim 3, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmit content to the memory system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32); and receive a second certificate based at least in part on the private key associated with the memory system and the content transmitted to the memory system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32). With regard to claim 4, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches wherein, to transmit the content to the memory system, the processing circuitry is configured to cause the host system to: transmit boot code to the memory system, wherein the second certificate is based at least in part on the boot code (Mondello, [0065]; [0079]). With regard to claim 5, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmit, to the memory system, a firmware security descriptor of the host system, wherein the second certificate is based at least in part on the firmware security descriptor (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32; disclosed firmware signatures are security descriptors). With regard to claim 6, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches receive, from the memory system, the public key in association with the certificate (Mondello, [0044]; [0083]; [0129]-[0130]). With regard to claim 7, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches receive, from the memory system, the public key separate from the certificate (Mondello, [0044]; [0083]; [0129]-[0130]). With regard to claim 8, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches receive, from the memory system, a key that is associated with content associated with the memory system (Mondello, [0149]). With regard to claim 10, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmit, to the memory system, a request for a signed certificate, wherein the certificate comprises the signed certificate based at least in part on the request (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 59-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6). With regard to claim 11, Cohen teaches receive… a certificate that indicates an identity of the [device] and is associated with an asymmetric key pair of the [device] (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6; disclosed DICE/TPM digital certificate indicates identity of device), the asymmetric key pair comprising a public key and a private key associated with (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6) the [device]; and perform one or more secure communications with the [device] based at least in part on receiving the certificate (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6). Cohen does not explicitly disclose, but Mondello teaches in the same field of endeavor, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code comprising instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry of an electronic device, cause the electronic device (Mondello, [0060]; [0065]; [0093]-[0094]; [0201]); [a] memory system (Mondello, [0056]-[0057]) [as the device in Cohen]. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to combine the teachings of Cohen with the teachings of Mondello. The motivation for this combination is to protect the integrity of code and data housed within the memory itself (Mondello, [0052]-[0053]). With regard to claim 12, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmit content to the memory system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32); and receive a second certificate based at least in part on the private key associated with the memory system and the content transmitted to the memory system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32). With regard to claim 13, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmit boot code to the memory system, wherein the second certificate is based at least in part on the boot code (Mondello, [0065]; [0079]). With regard to claim 14, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmit, to the memory system, a firmware security descriptor, wherein the second certificate is based at least in part on the firmware security descriptor (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32). With regard to claim 15, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches receive, from the memory system, the public key in association with the certificate (Mondello, [0044]; [0083]; [0129]-[0130]). With regard to claim 16, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches receive, from the memory system, the public key separate from the certificate (Mondello, [0044]; [0083]; [0129]-[0130]). With regard to claim 17, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches receive, from the memory system, a key that is associated with content associated with the memory system (Mondello, [0149]). With regard to claim 18, Cohen receiving… a certificate that indicates an identity (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6; disclosed DICE/TPM digital certificate indicates identity of device) of [a device] and is associated with an asymmetric key pair of the [device] (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6), the asymmetric key pair comprising a public key and a private key associated with the [device] (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6); and performing one or more secure communications with the [device] based at least in part on receiving the certificate (Cohen, Col. 3, Lines 33-67 to Col. 5, Lines 1-6). Cohen does not explicitly disclose, but Mondello teaches in the same field of endeavor, [a] memory system (Mondello, [0056]-[0057]) [as the device in Cohen]. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to combine the teachings of Cohen with the teachings of Mondello. The motivation for this combination is to protect the integrity of code and data housed within the memory itself (Mondello, [0052]-[0053]). With regard to claim 19, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches transmitting content to the memory system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32); and receiving a second certificate based at least in part on the private key associated with the memory system and the content transmitted to the memory system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32). With regard to claim 20, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches wherein the content transmitted to the memory system comprises boot code (Mondello, [0065]; [0079]), and wherein the second certificate is based at least in part on the boot code (Mondello, [0065]; [0079]). With regard to claim 21, Cohen in view of Mondello further teaches wherein the content transmitted to the memory system comprises a firmware security descriptor of the host system (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32), and wherein the second certificate is based at least in part on the firmware security descriptor (Cohen, Col. 7, Lines 61-67 to Col. 8, Lines 1-32; disclosed firmware signatures are security descriptors). Allowable Subject Matter Claims 9 is objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure: See PTO-892. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to J. Brant Murphy whose telephone number is (571)272-6433. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday, 8am - 4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Amir Mehrmanesh can be reached at 571-270-3351. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /J. BRANT MURPHY/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2435 June 26, 2026
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Prosecution Timeline

Dec 10, 2024
Application Filed
Jun 30, 2026
Non-Final Rejection mailed — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
90%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+12.7%)
2y 0m (~5m remaining)
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 639 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allowance rate.

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