Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application is being examined under the pre-AIA first to invent provisions.
Claim Interpretation
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(f):
(f) Element in Claim for a Combination. – An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material, or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof.
The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph:
An element in a claim for a combination may be expressed as a means or step for performing a specified function without the recital of structure, material, or acts in support thereof, and such claim shall be construed to cover the corresponding structure, material, or acts described in the specification and equivalents thereof.
The claims in this application are given their broadest reasonable interpretation using the plain meaning of the claim language in light of the specification as it would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The broadest reasonable interpretation of a claim element (also commonly referred to as a claim limitation) is limited by the description in the specification when 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is invoked.
As explained in MPEP § 2181, subsection I, claim limitations that meet the following three-prong test will be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph:
(A) the claim limitation uses the term “means” or “step” or a term used as a substitute for “means” that is a generic placeholder (also called a nonce term or a non-structural term having no specific structural meaning) for performing the claimed function;
(B) the term “means” or “step” or the generic placeholder is modified by functional language, typically, but not always linked by the transition word “for” (e.g., “means for”) or another linking word or phrase, such as “configured to” or “so that”; and
(C) the term “means” or “step” or the generic placeholder is not modified by sufficient structure, material, or acts for performing the claimed function.
Use of the word “means” (or “step”) in a claim with functional language creates a rebuttable presumption that the claim limitation is to be treated in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph. The presumption that the claim limitation is interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is rebutted when the claim limitation recites sufficient structure, material, or acts to entirely perform the recited function.
Absence of the word “means” (or “step”) in a claim creates a rebuttable presumption that the claim limitation is not to be treated in accordance with 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph. The presumption that the claim limitation is not interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, is rebutted when the claim limitation recites function without reciting sufficient structure, material or acts to entirely perform the recited function.
Claim limitations in this application that use the word “means” (or “step”) are being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, except as otherwise indicated in an Office action. Conversely, claim limitations in this application that do not use the word “means” (or “step”) are not being interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112(f) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, except as otherwise indicated in an Office action.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b):
(b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention.
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph:
The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention.
Claims 1-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention.
Where applicant acts as his or her own lexicographer to specifically define a term of a claim contrary to its ordinary meaning, the written description must clearly redefine the claim term and set forth the uncommon definition so as to put one reasonably skilled in the art on notice that the applicant intended to so redefine that claim term. Process Control Corp. v. HydReclaim Corp., 190 F.3d 1350, 1357, 52 USPQ2d 1029, 1033 (Fed. Cir. 1999). The term “piston” in claims 1-8 is used by the claim to mean “a rotating nozzle,” while the accepted meaning is “a device or cylinder within a tube in which it moves up and down against a liquid or a gas.” The term is indefinite because the specification does not clearly redefine the term. For purposes of examination, the term “piston” will be interpreted as “nozzle”, or other similar structure.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102
The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action:
A person shall be entitled to a patent unless –
(e) the invention was described in (1) an application for patent, published under section 122(b), by another filed in the United States before the invention by the applicant for patent or (2) a patent granted on an application for patent by another filed in the United States before the invention by the applicant for patent, except that an international application filed under the treaty defined in section 351(a) shall have the effects for purposes of this subsection of an application filed in the United States only if the international application designated the United States and was published under Article 21(2) of such treaty in the English language.
Claim(s) 1-8 is/are rejected under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) as being anticipated by Barrett (US 7,891,284).
Re claims 1-5, Barrett (Fig 1) discloses a firearm utilizing an adjustable gas block comprising: a receiver; a barrel connected to the receiver; a gas operating system; a piston (Fig 4, 80) having a front end, back end, and internal void (Fig 4) with means to communicate with the barrel and gas operating system through a plurality of ports (Fig 6, 84; see also c. 3, l. 53-63) which are spaced about the back end; a gas block housing (24) having a receiving channel with a portion of the barrel contained therein, a cylindrical bore which runs parallel to the axis of the barrel located above the receiving channel with a port (66) in communication with the barrel, the cylindrical bore contains the back end of the piston therein; a rotatable knob (80) is utilized which both receives and rotates the piston within the cylindrical bore, said knob has a means to retain and rotate (Fig 7A, 140) the piston within the cylindrical bore.
Re claims 6-8, In an indirect gas operated firearm (Fig 4) having a receiver, a stock connected to an end of the receiver, a barrel connected to a front of the receiver, a handguard connected to the barrel and a gas operating system, wherein the improvement comprises: a gas block (24) with means to secure about the barrel, the gas block housing has a barrel receiving channel with a portion of the barrel therein, the housing also has a piston receiving channel with a portion of the piston contained therein; and said piston receiving channel has a void which houses an adjustment knob (for 80), the adjustment knobs is indexable into four positions (standard, oversized, undersized, and off; see c. 3, l. 59-63); and a piston (Fig 6, 80) is in operational communication with the barrel and the operating system, the piston communicates with the barrel by a series of ports located about its periphery, by rotating the adjustment knob the port of appropriate size is selected and put into communication with the indirect gas operating system and barrel, one port provides a standard flow of gas, one port provides a reduced flow of gas, one port provides a higher than standard flow of gas; a fourth position of adjustment is provided by the adjustment knob where no port is present on the piston thereby preventing the communication of the barrel with the indirect gas operating system (see c. 3, l. 59-63).
Conclusion
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to REGINALD S TILLMAN, JR whose telephone number is (571)270-7010. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 830-530.
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/REGINALD S TILLMAN, JR/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3641