Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 19/009,832

IMAGE ENCODING/DECODING METHOD AND DEVICE USING PALETTE MODE, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING BITSTREAM

Non-Final OA §DP
Filed
Jan 03, 2025
Examiner
RETALLICK, KAITLIN A
Art Unit
2482
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Nokia Technologies Oy
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
75%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
86%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 75% — above average
75%
Career Allow Rate
388 granted / 515 resolved
+17.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +11% lift
Without
With
+10.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
27 currently pending
Career history
542
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
5.8%
-34.2% vs TC avg
§103
58.4%
+18.4% vs TC avg
§102
7.0%
-33.0% vs TC avg
§112
8.6%
-31.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 515 resolved cases

Office Action

§DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of the Application Claims 1-13 are currently pending in this application. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 10/02/2025 was filed. The submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1-13 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-13 of U.S. Patent No. 11,689,732 in view of Chao et al. (Hereafter, “Chao”) [US 2021/0051336 A1]. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are patentably distinct from each other because they cover mutually associated subject matter. Therefore, the claims are obvious variants of each other because the apparatus performs the method and vice versa. An analysis of the claims can be seen in Table 1 below. Table 1: Instant Application No. 19/009,832 vs. U.S. Patent No. 11,689,732 Instant Application No. 19/009,832 Claims (Difference Emphasis Added) U.S. Patent No. 11,689,732 Claims (Difference Emphasis Added) 1. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus, the image decoding method comprising: obtaining palette information and palette index prediction information of a current block from a bitstream, based on a palette mode applying for the current block; constructing a palette predictor for the current block based on the palette information and constructing a palette table for the current block based on the palette predictor; generating a palette index map for the current block based on the palette index prediction information; and decoding the current block based on the palette table and the palette index map, wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on at least one of a tree type of the current block and a split structure of a coding tree unit (CTU) including the current block, wherein the local dual tree structure is a split structure in which additional splitting is performed only for a luma block within a CTU that has been split into a single tree structure. 1. A decoding apparatus for image decoding, the decoding apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor connected to the memory, the at least one processor configured to: obtain palette information and palette index prediction information of a current block from a bitstream, based on a palette mode applying for the current block; construct a palette predictor for the current block based on the palette information and construct a palette table for the current block based on the palette predictor; generate a palette index map for the current block based on the palette index prediction information; and decode the current block based on the palette table and the palette index map, wherein whether a split structure of the current block is a local dual tree structure is determined based on at least one of a tree type of the current block and a split structure of a coding tree unit (CTU) including the current block, wherein whether the palette predictor is updated is determined based on whether the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, and wherein the local dual tree structure is a split structure in which additional splitting is performed only for a luma block within a CTU that has been split into a single tree structure. 2. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is not updated. 2. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is not updated. 3. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being not the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is updated based on the palette table. 3. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being not the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is updated based on the palette table. 4. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one palette entry included in the palette table. 4. The decoding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one palette entry included in the palette table. 5. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one new palette entry not included in the palette table within a predetermined maximum size range. 5. The decoding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one new palette entry not included in the palette table within a predetermined maximum size range. 6. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure and a treeType of the current block being a dual tree chroma, it is determined that the palette mode does not apply for the current block. 6. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure and a treeType of the current block being a dual tree chroma, it is determined that the palette mode does not apply for the current block. 7. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on a prediction mode type of the current block and a tree type of the current block. 7. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on a prediction mode type of the current block and a tree type of the current block. 8. The image decoding method of claim 7, wherein the split structure of the current block is determined to be the local dual tree structure based on the tree type of the current block being dual tree chroma and the prediction mode type of the current block being a mode type for which intra prediction, intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode are all applicable. 8. The decoding apparatus of claim 7, wherein the split structure of the current block is determined to be the local dual tree structure based on the tree type of the current block being dual tree chroma and the prediction mode type of the current block being a mode type for which intra prediction, intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode are all applicable. Claim 9 is the same as claim 1 but in encoding form. Claim 9 is the same as claim 1 but in encoding form. Claim 10 is the same as claim 2 but in encoding form. Claim 10 is the same as claim 2 but in encoding form. Claim 11 is the same as claim 3 but in encoding form. Claim 11 is the same as claim 3 but in encoding form. Claim 12 is the same as claim 6 but in encoding form. Claim 12 is the same as claim 6 but in encoding form. Claim 13 is the same as claim 1 but in method for transmitting form. Claim 13 is the same as claim 1 but in apparatus for transmitting form. Some of the differences in the claim limitations in the U.S. Patent are narrower than the instant application, and thus it would have been obvious to make the claim limitations in the instant application broader by removing the specific language found in the U.S. Patent. The U.S. Patent fails to explicitly disclose wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure. Chao discloses wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure ([Abstract] determining a current palette coding block of a single tree coded slice of a picture is encoded according to a local dual tree [0014] determine a different palette coding block of the single tree coded slice is encoded according to a respective local dual tree). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention to modify the claimed invention with the determining of palette coding block based on the local dual tree as taught by Chao in order to improve coding accuracy and/or efficiency as needed. Claims 1-13 rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-13 of U.S. Patent No. 12,003,740. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because they cover mutually associated subject matter. Therefore, the claims are obvious variants of each other because the apparatus performs the method and vice versa. An analysis of the claims can be seen in Table 2 below. Table 2: Instant Application No. 19/009,832 vs. U.S. Patent No. 12,003,740 Instant Application No. 19/009,832 Claims (Difference Emphasis Added) U.S. Patent No. 12,003,740 Claims (Difference Emphasis Added) 1. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus, the image decoding method comprising: obtaining palette information and palette index prediction information of a current block from a bitstream, based on a palette mode applying for the current block; constructing a palette predictor for the current block based on the palette information and constructing a palette table for the current block based on the palette predictor; generating a palette index map for the current block based on the palette index prediction information; and decoding the current block based on the palette table and the palette index map, wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on at least one of a tree type of the current block and a split structure of a coding tree unit (CTU) including the current block, wherein the local dual tree structure is a split structure in which additional splitting is performed only for a luma block within a CTU that has been split into a single tree structure. 1. A decoding apparatus for image decoding, the decoding apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor connected to the memory, the at least one processor configured to: obtain palette information and palette index prediction information of a current block from a bitstream, based on a palette mode applying for the current block; construct a palette predictor for the current block based on the palette information and constructing a palette table for the current block based on the palette predictor; generate a palette index map for the current block based on the palette index prediction information; and decode the current block based on the palette table and the palette index map, wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on at least one of a tree type of the current block and a split structure of a coding tree unit (CTU) including the current block, wherein the local dual tree structure is a split structure in which additional splitting is performed only for a luma block within a CTU that has been split into a single tree structure. 2. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is not updated. 2. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is not updated. 3. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being not the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is updated based on the palette table. 3. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being not the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is updated based on the palette table. 4. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one palette entry included in the palette table. 4. The decoding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one palette entry included in the palette table. 5. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one new palette entry not included in the palette table within a predetermined maximum size range. 5. The decoding apparatus of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one new palette entry not included in the palette table within a predetermined maximum size range. 6. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure and a treeType of the current block being a dual tree chroma, it is determined that the palette mode does not apply for the current block. 6. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein, based on the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure and a treeType of the current block being a dual tree chroma, it is determined that the palette mode does not apply for the current block. 7. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on a prediction mode type of the current block and a tree type of the current block. 7. The decoding apparatus of claim 1, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on a prediction mode type of the current block and a tree type of the current block. 8. The image decoding method of claim 7, wherein the split structure of the current block is determined to be the local dual tree structure based on the tree type of the current block being dual tree chroma and the prediction mode type of the current block being a mode type for which intra prediction, intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode are all applicable. 8. The decoding apparatus of claim 7, wherein the split structure of the current block is determined to be the local dual tree structure based on the tree type of the current block being dual tree chroma and the prediction mode type of the current block being a mode type for which intra prediction, intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode are all applicable. Claim 9 is the same as claim 1 but in encoding form. Claim 9 is the same as claim 1 but in encoding form. Claim 10 is the same as claim 2 but in encoding form. Claim 10 is the same as claim 2 but in encoding form. Claim 11 is the same as claim 3 but in encoding form. Claim 11 is the same as claim 3 but in encoding form. Claim 12 is the same as claim 6 but in encoding form. Claim 12 is the same as claim 6 but in encoding form. Claim 13 is the same as claim 1 but in method for transmitting form. Claim 13 is the same as claim 1 but in apparatus for transmitting form. Some of the differences in the claim limitations in the U.S. Patent are narrower than the instant application, and thus it would have been obvious to make the claim limitations in the instant application broader by removing the specific language found in the U.S. Patent. Claims 1-13 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-13 of U.S. Patent No. 12,256,090 in view of Chao et al. (Hereafter, “Chao”) [US 2021/0051336 A1]. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are patentably distinct from each other because they cover mutually associated subject matter. Therefore, the claims are obvious variants of each other because the apparatus performs the method and vice versa. An analysis of the claims can be seen in Table 3 below. Table 3: Instant Application No. 19/009,832 vs. U.S. Patent No. 12,256,090 Instant Application No. 19/009,832 Claims (Difference Emphasis Added) U.S. Patent No. 12,256,090 Claims (Difference Emphasis Added) 1. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus, the image decoding method comprising: obtaining palette information and palette index prediction information of a current block from a bitstream, based on a palette mode applying for the current block; constructing a palette predictor for the current block based on the palette information and constructing a palette table for the current block based on the palette predictor; generating a palette index map for the current block based on the palette index prediction information; and decoding the current block based on the palette table and the palette index map, wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on at least one of a tree type of the current block and a split structure of a coding tree unit (CTU) including the current block, wherein the local dual tree structure is a split structure in which additional splitting is performed only for a luma block within a CTU that has been split into a single tree structure. 1. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus, the image decoding method comprising: obtaining palette information and palette index prediction information of a current block from a bitstream, based on a palette mode applying for the current block; constructing a palette predictor for the current block based on the palette information and constructing a palette table for the current block based on the palette predictor; generating a palette index map for the current block based on the palette index prediction information; and decoding the current block based on the palette table and the palette index map, wherein whether a split structure of the current block is a local dual tree structure is determined based on at least one of a tree type of the current block and a split structure of a coding tree unit (CTU) including the current block, wherein whether the palette predictor is updated is determined based on whether the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, and wherein the local dual tree structure is a split structure in which additional splitting is performed only for a luma block within a CTU that has been split into a single tree structure. 2. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is not updated. 2. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is not updated. 3. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being not the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is updated based on the palette table. 3. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the current block being a chroma block and the split structure of the current block being not the local dual tree structure, the palette predictor is updated based on the palette table. 4. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one palette entry included in the palette table. 4. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one palette entry included in the palette table. 5. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one new palette entry not included in the palette table within a predetermined maximum size range. 5. The image decoding method of claim 3, wherein the updated palette predictor comprises at least one new palette entry not included in the palette table within a predetermined maximum size range. 6. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure and a treeType of the current block being a dual tree chroma, it is determined that the palette mode does not apply for the current block. 6. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein, based on the split structure of the current block being the local dual tree structure and a treeType of the current block being a dual tree chroma, it is determined that the palette mode does not apply for the current block. 7. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on a prediction mode type of the current block and a tree type of the current block. 7. The image decoding method of claim 1, wherein whether the split structure of the current block is the local dual tree structure is determined based on a prediction mode type of the current block and a tree type of the current block. 8. The image decoding method of claim 7, wherein the split structure of the current block is determined to be the local dual tree structure based on the tree type of the current block being dual tree chroma and the prediction mode type of the current block being a mode type for which intra prediction, intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode are all applicable. 8. The image decoding method of claim 7, wherein the split structure of the current block is determined to be the local dual tree structure based on the tree type of the current block being dual tree chroma and the prediction mode type of the current block being a mode type for which intra prediction, intra block copy (IBC) and palette mode are all applicable. Claim 9 is the same as claim 1 but in encoding form. Claim 9 is the same as claim 1 but in encoding form. Claim 10 is the same as claim 2 but in encoding form. Claim 10 is the same as claim 2 but in encoding form. Claim 11 is the same as claim 3 but in encoding form. Claim 11 is the same as claim 3 but in encoding form. Claim 12 is the same as claim 6 but in encoding form. Claim 12 is the same as claim 6 but in encoding form. Claim 13 is the same as claim 1 but in method for transmitting form. Claim 13 is the same as claim 1 but in method for transmitting form. Some of the differences in the claim limitations in the U.S. Patent are narrower than the instant application, and thus it would have been obvious to make the claim limitations in the instant application broader by removing the specific language found in the U.S. Patent. The U.S. Patent fails to explicitly disclose wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure. Chao discloses wherein whether the palette mode applies for the current block is determined based on a split structure of the current block being a local dual tree structure ([Abstract] determining a current palette coding block of a single tree coded slice of a picture is encoded according to a local dual tree [0014] determine a different palette coding block of the single tree coded slice is encoded according to a respective local dual tree). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention to modify the claimed invention with the determining of palette coding block based on the local dual tree as taught by Chao in order to improve coding accuracy and/or efficiency as needed. Contact Information Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Kaitlin A Retallick whose telephone number is (571)270-3841. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 8am-5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Chris Kelley can be reached at (571) 272-7331. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /KAITLIN A RETALLICK/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2482
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Prosecution Timeline

Jan 03, 2025
Application Filed
Dec 05, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §DP (current)

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Expected OA Rounds
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Grant Probability
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2y 7m
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