Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 19/015,365

REVERSE DRIVE ASSEMBLY FOR MOTORIZED VEHICLE

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Jan 09, 2025
Examiner
JOYCE, WILLIAM C
Art Unit
3618
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Harley-Davidson Motor Company Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 5m
To Grant
86%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
838 granted / 1210 resolved
+17.3% vs TC avg
Strong +17% interview lift
Without
With
+16.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 5m
Avg Prosecution
32 currently pending
Career history
1242
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
43.0%
+3.0% vs TC avg
§102
30.8%
-9.2% vs TC avg
§112
24.6%
-15.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1210 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION This is the First Office Action in response to the above identified patent application filed on January 9, 2025. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-3, 5-9 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Osterman (USP 4,410,071) in view of Aoki (EP 1 491 764). Osterman teaches a method of operating a motorized vehicle including an engine (24), a transmission (12), and a reverse drive assembly (90,94), the method comprising; moving the reverse drive assembly (gear 94) from a disengaged position to an engaged position (to mesh ring gear 82); operating a starter motor (90) to rotate a motor shaft; driving a reverse drive gear train (such as 82 and gears in transmission 12) using the motor shaft, including driving an output gear (94) mounted on the motor shaft to rotate; and driving the transmission in reverse via the rotation of the output gear. Osterman teaches the output gear (94) configured to move axially into and out of engagement with the ring gear (82). Osterman does not teach the output gear of the reverse drive assembly being mounted on a pivot carrier. It was known in the art to configure a starter motor with an output gear mounted on a pivot carrier to move into and out of engagement with a ring gear. For example, Aoki teaches a start motor (11) with an output gear (17) mounted on a pivot carrier (20), the pivot carrier having an actuator (12) configured to move the output gear (17) into and out of engagement with a ring gear (5). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the effective filing of the claimed device to configure the starter motor arrangement of Osterman with an output gear supported by a pivot carrier, as taught by Aoki, motivation being reduce tooth collision when moving the output gear into engagement with the ring gear. Alternatively, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the effective filing of the claimed device to configure the starter motor arrangement of Osterman with an output gear supported by a pivot carrier, as taught by Aoki, since it has been held that substituting a known gear engaging arrangement with a second known gear engaging arrangement would have been obvious to one in the art. Claim 2: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches the transmission includes a plurality of gear pairs (48,54,60) coupled between a main shaft (14) of the transmission and a counter shaft (such as 18, or the shafts supporting planet gears) of the transmission, and wherein moving the pivot carrier (of Aoki) of the reverse drive assembly from the disengaged position to the engaged position includes moving the output gear into engagement with a main shaft gear (82). Claim 3: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches moving the pivot carrier (of Aoki) to the disengaged position to disengage the output gear from the main shaft gear when reverse driving of the transmission is completed, and subsequently driving the transmission forward in first gear using a gear pair (48,54,60) including the main shaft gear. Claim 5: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches moving the pivot carrier of the reverse drive assembly from the disengaged position to the engaged position includes pivoting the pivot carrier (20 of Aoki) and the output gear (17 of Aoki) about a pivot axis that forms a fixed rotation axis of an intermediate gear (16 of Aoki) of the reverse drive gear train. Claim 6: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches maintaining engagement between the intermediate gear (16) and the output gear (17) of the reverse drive gear train during movement of the pivot carrier to the engaged position and to the disengaged position. Claim 7: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches the pivot carrier is biased to the disengaged position by a biasing element ([0046] of Aoki describes a spring to bias the swing arm in the direction W in Fig 6), and moving the pivot carrier of the reverse drive assembly from the disengaged position to the engaged position includes pulling (direction U in Fig. 3) the pivot carrier with a control assembly. Claim 8: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches the pivot carrier is biased to the disengaged position by a biasing element ([0046] of Aoki describes a spring to bias the swing arm in the direction W in Fig 6), and moving the pivot carrier of the reverse drive assembly from the disengaged position to the engaged position includes pulling (not pushing) the pivot carrier with a control assembly (12). However, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of effective filing of the claimed device to configure the actuator of Aoki to push the pivot carrier of Osterman, since the simple rearranging of parts is considered an obvious modification to a known device. Claim 9: Osterman modified with Aoki teaches moving the pivot carrier of the reverse drive assembly from the disengaged position to the engaged position includes driving an actuator (12) to rotate a control arm, which in response, drives the pivot carrier through a control rod. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 4 and 10-13 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Claims 14-20 are allowed. The following is a statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter: The prior art does not teach a method of operating a motorized vehicle including an engine, a transmission, and a reverse drive assembly, as defined in claim 1 including: operating the starter motor to drive an engine gear with a first pinion on the motor shaft and start the engine while an input gear of the reverse drive gear train remains engaged with a second pinion on the motor shaft (claim 4), the actuator is driven manually by a rider of a motorized vehicle (claims 10-11), or wherein prior to moving the pivot carrier from the disengaged position to the engaged position, the actuator is released from a first latched position, and wherein after moving the pivot carrier from the disengaged position to the engaged position, the actuator is secured in a second latched position (claims 12-13). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to WILLIAM C JOYCE whose telephone number is (571)272-7107. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8:30-5:00. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Minnah Seoh can be reached at 571-270-7778. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /WILLIAM C JOYCE/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3618
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Prosecution Timeline

Jan 09, 2025
Application Filed
Mar 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12583511
MOTOR DRIVE DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12576545
ROBOT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12571463
DIFFERENTIAL GEAR AND DRIVE TRAIN WITH SUCH A DIFFERENTIAL GEAR
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12571467
GEAR BOX WITH LUBRICATION CHANNEL
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12565928
VEHICLE TRANSMISSION SHIFT SHAFT BUSHING ASSEMBLY
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 03, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
86%
With Interview (+16.7%)
3y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1210 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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