Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 19/053,075

MACHINE-LEARNING ARCHITECTURES FOR BROADCAST AND MULTICAST COMMUNICATIONS

Non-Final OA §103§DP
Filed
Feb 13, 2025
Examiner
CHIN, RICKY
Art Unit
2424
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Google LLC
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
68%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 1m
To Grant
90%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 68% — above average
68%
Career Allow Rate
375 granted / 551 resolved
+10.1% vs TC avg
Strong +22% interview lift
Without
With
+21.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 1m
Avg Prosecution
19 currently pending
Career history
570
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
5.7%
-34.3% vs TC avg
§103
58.4%
+18.4% vs TC avg
§102
13.1%
-26.9% vs TC avg
§112
10.2%
-29.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 551 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Objections 1. Claims 9 and 11 objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Double Patenting 2. A rejection based on double patenting of the "same invention" type finds its support in the language of 35 U.S.C. 101 which states that "whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process ... may obtain a patent therefor ..." (Emphasis added). Thus, the term "same invention," in this context, means an invention drawn to identical subject matter. See Miller v. Eagle Mfg. Co., 151 U.S. 186 (1894); In re Ockert, 245 F.2d 467, 114 USPQ 330 (CCPA 1957); and In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970). 3. The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory obviousness-type double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); and In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on a nonstatutory double patenting ground provided the conflicting application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with this application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. Effective January 1, 1994, a registered attorney or agent of record may sign a terminal disclaimer. A terminal disclaimer signed by the assignee must fully comply with 37 CFR 3.73(b). 4. Claims 1-8 and 13-20 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory obviousness-type double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-20 of U.S. Patent No. 11,886,991. Although the conflicting claims are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because claims 1-8 and 13-20 of the application is merely broader in scope than patented claims 1-20 with the added addition of the common network-entity DNN is in a transmitter processing chain of the network entity and trained to perform an operation within the transmitter processing chain and wherein the processing of the communications uses the transmitter processing chain. However, the added limitation detailed above is well-known in the art as detailed below in the claim rejections with respect to Ottersten of record. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified the patented claims to have incorporated the teachings of Ottersten for the mere benefit of providing an extra layer/hierarchical DNN to improve efficiency of the network throughout the entire process and therefore is an obvious variant. Claims 1-3, 5, 8, 10, 13-15, and 19-20 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory obviousness-type double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-6 of U.S. Patent No. 12,236,347. Although the conflicting claims are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because claims 1-3, 5, 8, 10, 13-15, and 19-20 of the application is merely broader in scope than patented claims 1-6 with the added addition of the common network-entity DNN is in a transmitter processing chain of the network entity and trained to perform an operation within the transmitter processing chain and wherein the processing of the communications uses the transmitter processing chain. However, the added limitation detailed above is well-known in the art as detailed below in the claim rejections with respect to Ottersten of record. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified the patented claims to have incorporated the teachings of Ottersten for the mere benefit of providing an extra layer/hierarchical DNN to improve efficiency of the network throughout the entire process and therefore is an obvious variant. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 5. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. 6. Claims 1-3, 5-8, 12-14, and 16-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Belghoul et al., US 2019/0132708 in view of Ottersten et al., US 2021/0345134. Regarding claim 1, Belghoul teaches of a method performed by a network entity associated with a wireless communication system (See [0060]-[0061] network entities being of wireless communication), the method comprising: determining a first configuration of a first deep neural network, DNN, for processing, in a receiver processing chain of each user equipment in a targeted group of user equipments, UEs, broadcast or multicast communications transmitted over the wireless communication system to each UE in the targeted group of UEs (See [0077], [0087]-[0094]); communicating the first configuration of the first DNN to each UE in the targeted group of UEs (See [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] which discloses sending the configuration/parameters of at least first iterative first DNN to each of the UE’s in the group in the location); forming, at the network entity, a common network-entity DNN of the network entity using a second configuration complementary to the determined first configuration, the common network-entity DNN trained to perform an operation and configured to perform processing complementary to the first DNN of each UE in the targeted group of UEs (See [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] the network controller/entity is a common network entity to the user end equipment’s, a second DNN which is an updated baseline DNN which is complementary to the first DN configuration in that it is updated and retrained with updated parameters, thereby being complimentary and performs an operation of the updating/retraining and transmission); and processing the broadcast or multicast communications using the common network-entity DNN to direct the broadcast or multicast communications to each UE of the targeted group of UEs using the wireless communication system (See [0060]-[0061]; [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] processing the broadcast by transmission of the updated DNN to the UE’s wirelessly). Belghoul is silent with respect to where the common network-entity DNN is in a transmitter processing chain of the network entity and trained to perform an operation within the transmitter processing chain and wherein the processing of the communications uses the transmitter processing chain. However, in the same field endeavor, Ottersten teaches of the common network-entity DNN is in a transmitter processing chain of the network entity and trained to perform an operation within the transmitter processing chain and wherein the processing of the communications uses the transmitter processing chain (See [0116]-[0121]; [0152]-[0179]; [0188]-[0198] which discloses of using the DNN in the transmission process of the network entity which is trained to perform operations in processing of the communications taking into account network conditions). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the time effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified the teachings of Belghoul to have incorporated the teachings of Ottersten for the mere benefit of applying additional DNN models to the entire process consisting of updating the DNN and the operation of transmitting the DNN providing for a more efficient overall process. Regarding claim 2, the combination teaches the method as recited in claim 1, wherein the determining of the first configuration comprises: determining the first configuration of the DNN based, at least in part, on at least one characteristic of the targeted group of UEs (See Belghoul, [0102], [0109] and [0110]-[0111]; [0119]-[0120]; and [0142]-[0144]; Ottersten, [0216]-[0224]). Regarding claim 3, the combination teaches the method as recited in claim 2, wherein the at least one characteristic comprises at least one of: an estimated location of at least one user equipment, UE, in the targeted group of UEs; or at least one UE capability of the at least one UE in the targeted group of UEs (See Belghoul, [0087]-[0093], [0102] and [0109] location; [0110]-[0111] capabilities of at least battery; Ottersten, [0216]-[0224]). Regarding claim 5, the combination teaches the method as recited in claim 1, wherein the determining of the first configuration further comprises at least one of: determining a gradient version of the first configuration for at least one UE in the targeted group of UEs based on processing capabilities of the at least one UE (See Belghoul, [0120] gradient aggregation of the updated parameters; Ottersten, [0216]-[0224]); or determining the first configuration of the DNN based, at least in part, on one or more quality-of-service, QoS, requirements (See Ottersten, [0205]-[0209], [0231],and [0236] quality metrics in the ML model). Regarding claim 6, combination teaches the method as recited in claim 1, wherein the determining of the first configuration further comprises at least one of: determining the first configuration of the DNN based, at least in part, on transmitting broadcast or multicast communications based on a network slice configuration; or determining the first configuration based, at least in part, on fulfilling one or more content requirements of the broadcast or multicast communications, the one or more content requirements comprising one or more of a quality requirement, a resolution requirement, or a frames-per-second requirement (See Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144]; Ottersten, [0205]-[0209], [0231],and [0236] quality metrics/requirements in the ML model). Regarding claim 7, the combination teaches the method as recited in claim 1, wherein the determining of the first configuration comprises: determining an end-to-end machine-learning configuration, E2E ML configuration, as the configuration of the DNN (See Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] which discloses of distributing the ML configuration to specific multiples devices with updated parameters); and determining a partitioning to the E2E ML configuration that distributes the E2E ML configuration across multiple devices (See Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] which discloses of distributing the ML configuration to specific multiples devices with updated parameters, thereby being a form of partitioning of the ML configuration since it is distributed to different devices depending on the updated parameter uploads; Ottersten, [0085] partitioning the tasks). Regarding claim 8, the combination teaches the method as recited in claim 1, further comprising: receiving feedback from at least one UE of the targeted group of UEs (See Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] feedback of updated parameters; Ottersten, [0216]-[0224] signaling messaging of capabilities and characteristics); determining a modification to the common DNN based on the feedback (See Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144]); transmitting an indication of the modification to the targeted group of UEs (See Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] feedback of updated parameters; Ottersten, [0216]-[0224] the notification being of at least the ML model being transmitted); updating the common DNN with the modification to form a modified common DNN (See analysis of claim 1; Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] updated DNN model; See Ottersten, [0116]-[0121]; [0152]-[0179]; [0188]-[0198]); and processing the broadcast or multicast communications using the modified common DNN in the transmitter processing chain to direct the broadcast or multicast communications to each UE in the targeted group of UEs using the wireless communication system (See analysis of claim 1; Belghoul, [0119]-[0120] and [0141]-[0144] updated DNN model; See Ottersten, [0116]-[0121]; [0152]-[0179]; [0188]-[0198]). Regarding claim 12, the combination teaches the method as recited in claim 1, wherein the operation that the common DNN is trained to perform includes: transmitter-side forward error correction; transmitter-side convolutional encoding; end-to-end encoding; and/or end-to-end modulating (See Ottersten, [0101], [0106], [0112], [0138], [0146], [0155], [0164], and [0232] modulation schemes and error rates based on traffic needs and performance). Regarding claim 13, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 1. Regarding claim 14, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 2. Regarding claim 16, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 5. Regarding claim 17, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 6. Regarding claim 18, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 7. Regarding claim 19, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 8. Regarding claim 20, the claim has been analyzed and rejected for the same reasons set forth in the rejection of claim 1. Contact 7. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Ricky Chin whose telephone number is 571-270-3753. The examiner can normally be reached on M-F 8:30-6:00. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Benjamin Bruckart can be reached on 571-272-3982. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 703-872-9306. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). /Ricky Chin/ Primary Examiner AU 2424 (571) 270-3753 Ricky.Chin@uspto.gov
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Prosecution Timeline

Feb 13, 2025
Application Filed
Mar 02, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §DP
Mar 25, 2026
Interview Requested
Mar 31, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Mar 31, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
68%
Grant Probability
90%
With Interview (+21.6%)
3y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 551 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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