Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 19/200,516

Electronic Devices With Low Refresh Rate Display Pixels

Non-Final OA §102§103§DP
Filed
May 06, 2025
Examiner
HALEY, JOSEPH R
Art Unit
2621
Tech Center
2600 — Communications
Assignee
Apple Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
79%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 6m
To Grant
86%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 79% — above average
79%
Career Allow Rate
881 granted / 1114 resolved
+17.1% vs TC avg
Moderate +6% lift
Without
With
+6.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
37 currently pending
Career history
1151
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.6%
-37.4% vs TC avg
§103
55.0%
+15.0% vs TC avg
§102
26.8%
-13.2% vs TC avg
§112
6.7%
-33.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1114 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Objections Claim 15 is objected to because of the following informalities: “the on-bias stress” should be changed to --an on-bias stress—or the dependency should be changed to claim 14. Appropriate correction is required. Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1, 3-9 and 16 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1, 5, 7 and 8 of U.S. Patent No. 10854139. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because the claims correspond as follows: Application No. 19/200,516 U.S. Patent No. 10854139 Claim 1 Claim 1 Claim 3 Claim 7 Claim 4 Claim 7 Claim 5 Claim 8 Claim 6 Claim 5 Claim 7 Claim 1 Claim 8 Claim 1 Claim 9 Claim 1 Claim 16 Claim 1 Claims 1, 3, 5-8, 10 and 16-18 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1, 3, 4, 7 and 10 of U.S. Patent No. 11257426. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because the claims correspond as follows: Application No. 19/200,516 U.S. Patent No. 11257426 Claim 1 Claim 4 Claim 3 Claim 7 Claim 5 Claim 1 initialization transistor Claim 6 Claim 1 Claim 7 Claim 1 and Claim 3 Claim 8 Claim 1 Claim 10 Claim 10 Claim 16 Claims 1 and 3 Claim 17 Claim 7 Claim 18 Claim 3 Claims 16-19 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1 and 12 of U.S. Patent No. 11823621. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because the claims correspond as follows: Application No. 19/200,516 U.S. Patent No. 11823621 Claim 16 Claim 1 Claim 17 Claim 12 Claim 18 Claim 1 Claim 19 Claim 1 Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-6, 11 and 12 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Tsai et al. (US 2016/0063921). In regard to claim 1, Tsai et al. teach a display pixel comprising: a light-emitting diode (fig. 5 element 504); a drive transistor coupled to the light-emitting diode (T2); and a capacitor coupled between the drive transistor and the light-emitting diode (C1). In regard to claim 2, Tsai et al. teach wherein the capacitor has a first terminal coupled to a gate terminal of the drive transistor (C1 connected to gate of T2) and a second terminal coupled to an anode of the light-emitting diode (C1 connected to anode of 504 at drain of T6). In regard to claim 3, Tsai et al. teach a first emission transistor coupled between the drive transistor and the light-emitting diode (T5). In regard to claim 4, Tsai et al. teach a second emission transistor coupled between the drive transistor and a power supply line (T4). In regard to claim 5, Tsai et al. teach an initialization transistor coupled between an initialization line and a node disposed between the capacitor and the light-emitting diode (T6). In regard to claim 6, Tsai et al. teach a switching transistor coupled between a data line and a node disposed between the drive transistor and the first emission transistor (T1). In regard to claim 11, Tsai et al. teach a method of operating a display pixel having a drive transistor, a light-emitting diode, and a switching transistor, the method comprising: during an emission period, using the drive transistor to pass a drive current through the light-emitting diode (paragraph 49, T2, T4 and T5 are all on during emission state); and during a blanking period, performing a reset operation by using the switching transistor to load a reset voltage into the display pixel (paragraph 45, maximum reference voltages applied to data lines during reset period). In regard to claim 12, Tsai et al. teach during a refresh operation, using the switching transistor to load a data signal into the display pixel (paragraph 47, data signals loaded through T1). The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 7-10 and 16-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Tsai et al. in view of Lin et al. (WO 2017052727). In regard to claim 7, Tsai et al. teach wherein the drive transistor comprises a silicon transistor (paragraph 25), but does not teach further comprising: a first semiconducting-oxide transistor directly coupled to the light-emitting diode. Lin et al. teach further comprising: a first semiconducting-oxide transistor directly coupled to the light-emitting diode (paragraph 46, Lin et al. show using a silicon transistor as the drive transistor and semiconducting-oxide for SW1 and SW2). The two are analogous art because they both deal with the same field of invention of displays. Before the effective filing date it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to provide the apparatus of Tsai et al. with the two types of transistors as shown in Lin et al. The rationale is as follows: Before the effective filing date it would have been obvious to provide the apparatus of Tsai et al. with the two types of transistors as shown in Lin et al. because using two types of transistors would allow for sufficient switching speed while reducing current leakage. In regard to claim 8, Lin et al. teach a second semiconducting-oxide transistor directly coupled to the drive transistor (fig. 4, both SW1 and SW2 are directly connected to the drive transistor). In regard to claim 9, Tsai et al. teach the first transistor has a gate terminal configured to receive a scan signal; and the second transistor has a gate terminal configured to receive the scan signal (fig. 5 T1, T3 and T6 all receive the scan signal). Lin et al. teach a first and second semiconducting-oxide transistor (paragraph 46). In regard to claim 10, Lin et al. teach wherein: the first semiconducting-oxide transistor is coupled to a first terminal of the capacitor; and the second semiconducting-oxide transistor is coupled to a second terminal of the capacitor (fig. 4, SW1 and SW2 are connected to different terminals of the capacitor). In regard to claim 16, Tsai et al. teach a display pixel comprising: a light-emitting diode (element 5040); a silicon drive transistor coupled in series with the light-emitting diode (T2 and paragraph 54). Lin et al. teach a first semiconducting-oxide transistor coupled to an anode of the light-emitting diode (paragraph 46, Lin et al. show using a silicon transistor as the drive transistor and semiconducting-oxide for SW1 and SW2). In regard to claim 17, Tsai et al. teach one or more silicon emission transistors coupled in series with the silicon drive transistor (T4, T5 and paragraph 25). In regard to claim 18, Tsai et al. teach a transistor coupled across two terminals of the silicon drive transistor (T3). Lin et al. teach a second semiconducting-oxide transistor (paragraph 46). In regard to claim 19, Tsai et al. teach a switching transistor (T1) configured to load a data signal onto the display pixel during a first time period and to load a reset voltage onto the display pixel during a second time period (Fig. 4, paragraphs 45 and 47. Lin et al. show the transistor T1 loading a max voltage (reset) onto the pixel during the reset period and a data signal during the second time period). In regard to claim 20, Tsai et al. teach wherein the switching transistor comprises a silicon transistor (paragraph 25). Claim(s) 13-15 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Tsai et al. in view of Qian (US 2015/0356916). In regard to claim 13, Tsai et al. teach during the reset operation, activating an emission transistor (fig. 4, in the reset period EM1 is active which activates the emission transistor T4) but does not teach activating the emission transistor coupled between the drive transistor and the light-emitting diode. Qian teaches activating the emission transistor coupled between the drive transistor and the light-emitting diode (figs. 2, 3 and paragraph 33). The two are analogous art because they both deal with the same field of invention of displays. Before the effective filing date it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to provide the apparatus of Tsai et al. with the circuit reset of Qian. The rationale is as follows: Before the effective filing date it would have been obvious to provide the apparatus of Tsai et al. with the circuit reset of Qian because it would prevent the data of the previous frames from influencing the current frame. In regard to claim 14, Qian teaches before the reset operation, performing an on-bias stress operation by using the switching transistor to load a data voltage into the display pixel (paragraph 34, signal load phase. The signal load phase of Qian comes after the reset phase in one frame but it comes before the reset phase of the next frame). In regard to claim 15, Qian teaches during the on-bias stress operation, deactivating the emission transistor (paragraph 34). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JOSEPH R HALEY whose telephone number is (571)272-0574. The examiner can normally be reached 7:30am-5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Amr Awad can be reached at 571-272-7764. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JOSEPH R HALEY/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2621
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

May 06, 2025
Application Filed
Mar 09, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103, §DP (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
79%
Grant Probability
86%
With Interview (+6.5%)
2y 6m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1114 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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