Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 19/330,169

System and Method for Identifying and Uncovering Human Trafficking

Non-Final OA §DP
Filed
Sep 16, 2025
Examiner
GUDORF, LAURA A
Art Unit
2876
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Prosafe Ip LLC
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
81%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 2m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 81% — above average
81%
Career Allow Rate
711 granted / 880 resolved
+12.8% vs TC avg
Moderate +11% lift
Without
With
+11.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 2m
Avg Prosecution
17 currently pending
Career history
897
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.0%
-38.0% vs TC avg
§103
48.8%
+8.8% vs TC avg
§102
23.5%
-16.5% vs TC avg
§112
14.9%
-25.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 880 resolved cases

Office Action

§DP
DETAILED ACTION Summary The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . This is a first Office Action on the merits. Claims 1-20 are currently pending. Claim Objections Claims 1, 8, and 14 are objected to because of the following informalities: In claim 1, line 18, please amend “signalling” to recite “signaling”; In claim 8, line 19, please amend “signalling” to recite “signaling”; In claim 14, line 16, please amend “signalling” to recite “signaling”; Applicant is advised that should claims 1-7 be found allowable, claims 14-20 will be objected to under 37 CFR 1.75 as being a substantial duplicate thereof. When two claims in an application are duplicates or else are so close in content that they both cover the same thing, despite a slight difference in wording, it is proper after allowing one claim to object to the other as being a substantial duplicate of the allowed claim. See MPEP § 608.01(m). Appropriate correction is required. Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1-8 and 14-20 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-9 of U.S. Patent No. 12,423,540 in view of MEHTA et al, US 2022/0172599. Regarding independent claims 1 and 14: Claim 1 of the patent includes recitation of each of the limitations recited in the instant application, which minor changes to phrasing, except for the following difference: Claims 1 and 14 of the instant application recite “transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device” whereas claim 1 of the patent recites “transmitting an electronic signal from the first electronic device to a second electronic device”. MEHTA teaches a method for sending signals during an emergency event, comprising the steps of: b) receiving input at a signaling device (i.e., mobile phone or wearable device 1002), wherein the signaling device can be hidden from view [0097]-[0099] [Figure 10]; c) receiving input at a first electronic device from the signaling device; and after step (i.e., one of communication devices 1006, 10036, 10046) [0097]-[0099] [Figure 10] c), transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device [0099] [Figure 10]. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art for the signaling device to send an electronic signal to the second electronic device. Transmitting an electric signal to the second electronic device from the signaling device, rather than from the first electronic device, is merely an alternative pathway for the signal to reach the second electronic device. Claims 2-7 and 15-20 of the instant application similarly correspond to claims 1-7 of the patent. Claims 8-13 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-9 of U.S. Patent No. 12,423,540 in view of MEHTA et al, US 2022/0172599 and SOMMERLATT, US 10,762769. Regarding independent claim 8: Claim 1 of the patent includes recitation of each of the limitations recited in claim 8 of the instant application, which minor changes to phrasing, except for the following differences: Claim 8 of the instant application recite “transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device” whereas claim 1 of the patent recites “transmitting an electronic signal from the first electronic device to a second electronic device”. Claim 1 of the patent further does not recite “the third response comprises signaling a third party to call 911”. MEHTA teaches a method for sending signals during an emergency event, comprising the steps of: b) receiving input at a signaling device (i.e., mobile phone or wearable device 1002), wherein the signaling device can be hidden from view [0097]-[0099] [Figure 10]; c) receiving input at a first electronic device from the signaling device; and after step (i.e., one of communication devices 1006, 10036, 10046) [0097]-[0099] [Figure 10] c), transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device [0099] [Figure 10]. SOMMERLATT teaches a method for sending signals during an emergency event, wherein a first electronic device receives an input from a signaling device to generate a signal to a third party (i.e., neighbor) to call 911 (column 3, lines 5-15; column 4, lines 5-10). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art for the signaling device to send an electronic signal to the second electronic device. Transmitting an electric signal to the second electronic device from the signaling device, rather than from the first electronic device, is merely an alternative pathway for the signal to reach the second electronic device. It would have further been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art for the third response to comprise signaling a third party to call 911 to provide an additional discrete method of notifying authorities of danger. Claims 9-13 correspond to of the instant application correspond to claims 2-7 of the patent. The following chart illustrates limitation correspondence between claim sets. Instant Application Claim 1: A method for identifying and uncovering human trafficking comprising the steps of: (a) displaying information to be read from a display on a first electronic device at a location; (b) providing a signaling device, wherein the signaling device is hidden from view; (c) receiving input at the first electronic device from the signaling device; and (d) after step (c), transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device, wherein the input comprises one of: singly tapping the signaling device to generate a first response; doubly tapping the signaling device to generate a second response; and pressing and holding the signaling device to generate a third response, wherein the second response comprises signaling that another person is at the location. Claim 8: A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, having encoded thereon program code, wherein, when the program code is executed by a machine, the machine implements a method for identifying and uncovering human trafficking comprising the steps of: (a) displaying information to be read from a display on a first electronic device at a location; (b) providing a signaling device, wherein the signaling device is hidden from view; (c) receiving input at the first electronic device from the signaling device wherein the input comprises one of: singly tapping the signaling device to generate a first response; doubly tapping the signaling device to generate a second response; and pressing and holding the signaling device to generate a third response; and (d) after step (c), transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device; (e) wherein the third response comprises signaling a third party to call 911. Claim 14: A method for identifying and uncovering human trafficking comprising the steps of: (a) displaying information to be read from a display on a first electronic device at a location; (b) providing a signaling device, wherein the signaling device is hidden from view; (c) receiving input at the first electronic device from the signaling device; and (d) after step (c), transmitting an electronic signal from the signaling device to a second electronic device, wherein the input comprises one of: singly tapping the signaling device to generate a first response; doubly tapping the signaling device to generate a second response; and pressing and holding the signaling device to generate a third response, wherein the second response further comprises signaling that another person is at the location. Patent No. 12,423,540 Claim 1: A method for identifying and uncovering human trafficking comprising the steps of: (a) displaying information to be read from a display on a first electronic device at a location; (b) providing a signaling device; (c) receiving input at the first electronic device from the signaling device; and (d) after step (c), transmitting an electronic signal from the first electronic device to a second electronic device, wherein the input comprises one of: singly tapping the signaling device to generate a first response; doubly tapping the signaling device to generate a second response; and pressing and holding the signaling device to generate a third response, wherein the signaling device comprises a single dedicated alert button fixedly hidden at one of in a drawer, under a nightstand, and in a closet, wherein the second response further comprises signaling that another person is at the location. Claim 7: A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, having encoded thereon program code, wherein, when the program code is executed by a machine, the machine implements a method for identifying and uncovering human trafficking comprising the steps of: (a) displaying information to be read from a display on a first electronic device at a location; (b) providing a signaling device; (c) receiving input at the first electronic device from the signaling device wherein the input comprises one of: singly tapping the signaling device to generate a first response; doubly tapping the signaling device to generate a second response; and pressing and holding the signaling device to generate a third response; and (d) after step (c), transmitting an electronic signal from the first electronic device to a second electronic device, (e) wherein the signaling device comprises a single dedicated alert button fixedly hidden at one of in a drawer, under a nightstand, and in a closet, (f) wherein the third response comprises signaling a third party to call 911. Claim 1: A method for identifying and uncovering human trafficking comprising the steps of: (a) displaying information to be read from a display on a first electronic device at a location; (b) providing a signaling device; (c) receiving input at the first electronic device from the signaling device; and (d) after step (c), transmitting an electronic signal from the first electronic device to a second electronic device, wherein the input comprises one of: singly tapping the signaling device to generate a first response; doubly tapping the signaling device to generate a second response; and pressing and holding the signaling device to generate a third response, wherein the signaling device comprises a single dedicated alert button fixedly hidden at one of in a drawer, under a nightstand, and in a closet, wherein the second response further comprises signaling that another person is at the location. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to LAURA A GUDORF whose telephone number is (571)270-7607. If the Examiner cannot be reached by telephone, she can be reached through the following e-mail address: laura.gudorf@uspto.gov. The examiner can normally be reached on M-F 6:00-4:00 PM. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Michael Lee, can be reached at telephone number (571)272-2398. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from Patent Center. Status information for published applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Patent Center for authorized users only. Should you have questions about access to Patent Center, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) Form at https://www.uspto.gov/patents/uspto-automated- interview-request-air-form. /LAURA A GUDORF/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2876
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Prosecution Timeline

Sep 16, 2025
Application Filed
Feb 07, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §DP (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
81%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+11.2%)
2y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 880 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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