DETAILED ACTION
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Response to Amendment
The amendment filed on 01/02/2026 has been entered. Claim(s) 1-8, 11-13 is/are now pending in the application. Applicant's amendments have addressed all informalities as previously set forth in the non-final action mailed on 10/02/2025.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101
35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows:
Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.
Claim(s) 1-8, 11-13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 because the claimed invention is directed to an abstract idea without significantly more (See 2019 Update: Eligibility Guidance).
Independent Claim(s) 1 recites
outputting a deterioration state of a secondary battery mounted on a moving body used by a user,
quantify a deterioration state of the secondary battery based on secondary battery state information indicative of voltage, current, and temperature of the secondary battery,
recognize the quantified value as a value of the deterioration state of the secondary battery,
store the value of the deterioration state in the memory of the moving body in chronological order,
and
store use state information, including position information of the moving body and indicative of how the secondary battery was used in the past or until now, in the memory of the moving body in chronological order;
acquire a tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on values of deterioration states of the secondary battery at a plurality of past time points stored in the memory of the moving body;
and
determine whether or not a most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency based on the acquired tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery and a value of the most recent recognized deterioration state of the secondary battery;
in a case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
acquire, from the use state information which is received from the moving body and stored in the memory of the server, geographical characteristic information as information indicative of geographical characteristics that affect the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on past and/or current position information of the moving body with reference to a database in which positions and geographical characteristics are registered in association with each other
to
determine, based on the position information of the moving body and the geographical characteristic information, detailed information on a detailed deterioration state
including
geographical information on geographical characteristics that affected the deterioration state of the secondary battery
and
response information on a response according to the geographical characteristics to be recommended to avoid the moving body positioning in an area
including
a position corresponding to the geographical characteristics to have caused a later deterioration state to deviate from the tendency;
and
in the case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency
generate and transmit to the main part of the moving body, based on the value of the most recent recognized deterioration state and the determined detailed information on the detailed deterioration state which is received by the moving body from the server, data
including
at least position where the secondary battery was used in the past and that led to the deterioration state to deviate from the tendency,
and
the response information about the recommended response,
which
is received by the moving body from the server, so as to avoid the moving body positioning in an area including the position corresponding to the geographical characteristics to have caused a later deterioration state to deviate from the tendency;
and
in a case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is not deviating from the tendency,
generate and transmit to the main part of the moving body, based on the value of the most recent recognized deterioration state, data relating to the most recent recognized deterioration state of the secondary battery,
which
data is different from the data generated and transmitted in the case
determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency
[Mathematical Concepts – mathematical relationships; mathematical formulas or equations or mathematical calculation] and/or [Mental Processes - concepts performed in the human mind (including an observation, evaluation, judgement, opinion)].
Independent Claim(s) 2 recites
outputting a deterioration state of a secondary battery mounted on a moving body used by a user,
quantify a deterioration state of the secondary battery based on secondary battery state information indicative of voltage, current, and temperature of the secondary battery,
recognize the quantified value as a value of the deterioration state of the secondary battery,
and
store the value of the deterioration state in the memory of the moving body in chronological order;
acquire a tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on values of deterioration states of the secondary battery at a plurality of past time points stored in the memory of the moving body;
and
determine whether or not a most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency based on the acquired tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery and a recognized value of the most recent deterioration state of the secondary battery;
refer to stored reference information in which any one of pieces of secondary battery state information indicative of voltage, current, and temperature of a prepared secondary battery or a combination thereof is associated with an event occurring in the prepared secondary battery
to
estimate the event occurring in the secondary battery based on any one of pieces of the secondary battery state information indicative of the voltage, the current, and the temperature of the secondary battery or the combination thereof;
and
in a case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
determine detailed information on a detailed deterioration state
including
estimated event information indicative of the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery based on any one of pieces of the secondary battery state information indicative of the voltage, the current, and the temperature of the secondary battery or the combination thereof
and
response information on a response indicating the next action to the secondary battery mounted on the moving body to be recommended, relating to the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery;
and
in the case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
generate and transmit to the main part of the moving body, based on the value of the most recent recognized deterioration state and the determined detailed information on the detailed deterioration state which is received by the moving body from the server, data
including
at least a content of the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery and the response information about a recommended response indicating the next action to the secondary battery mounted on the moving body, which is received by the moving body from the server, relating to the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery;
and
in a case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is not deviating from the tendency,
generate and transmit to the main part of the moving body, based on the value of the most recent recognized deterioration state, data
relating to
the most recent recognized deterioration state of the secondary battery,
which
data is different from the data generated and transmitted in the case
determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency
[Mathematical Concepts – mathematical relationships; mathematical formulas or equations or mathematical calculation] and/or [Mental Processes - concepts performed in the human mind (including an observation, evaluation, judgement, opinion)].
Independent Claim(s) 3 recites
outputting a deterioration state of a secondary battery mounted on a moving body used by a user,
quantify a deterioration state of the secondary battery based on secondary battery state information indicative of voltage, current, and temperature of the secondary battery,
recognize the quantified value as a value of the deterioration state of the secondary battery, and
store the value of the deterioration state in the memory of the moving body in chronological order;
acquire a tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on values of deterioration states of the secondary battery at a plurality of past time points stored in the memory of the moving body; and
determine whether or not a most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency based on the acquired tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery and a value of the most recent recognized deterioration state of the secondary battery;
estimate an event occurring in the secondary battery from the value of the most recent deterioration state of the secondary battery and use state information
using
a predictive model with the value of the deterioration state and the use state information of the secondary battery as input and the event occurring in the secondary battery as output,
where
the predictive model is obtained by
machine learning a correlation between information indicative of values of past deterioration states
and
use states of the prepared secondary battery and events that occurred in the prepared secondary battery in the past using, as training data,
the information indicative of the past deterioration states and use states of a prepared secondary battery mounted on the moving body and/or other moving bodies
and
information indicative of the events that occurred in the prepared secondary battery in the past;
and
in a case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
determine detailed information on a detailed deterioration state
including
estimated event information indicative of the event occurring in the secondary battery estimated based on the value of the most recent deterioration state and the use state information of the secondary battery
and
response information on a response indicating the next action to the secondary battery mounted on the moving body to be recommended,
relating to
the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery;
and
in the case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
generate and transmit to the main part of the moving body, based on the value of the most recent recognized deterioration state and the determined detailed information on the detailed deterioration state which is received by the moving body from the server, data
including
at least a content of
the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery
and
the response information about a recommended response indicating the next action to the secondary battery mounted on the moving body, which is received by the moving body from the server, relating to the estimated event occurring in the secondary battery;
and
in a case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is not deviating from the tendency,
generate and transmit to the main part of the moving body, based on the value of the most recent recognized deterioration state, data relating to the most recent recognized deterioration state of the secondary battery,
which
data is different from the data generated and transmitted in the case
determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency
[Mathematical Concepts – mathematical relationships; mathematical formulas or equations or mathematical calculation] and/or [Mental Processes - concepts performed in the human mind (including an observation, evaluation, judgement, opinion)].
In combination with Independent Claim(s) 1, 2, 3, Claim(s) 4-8, 11-13 recite(s)
acquires the tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery based on a moving average value of values of deterioration states of the secondary battery for a predetermined period among values of the past deterioration states of the secondary battery stored in the memory of the moving body,
and
in a case where a difference between the moving average value of the values of deterioration states of the secondary battery for the predetermined period and the value of the most recent deterioration state is a predetermined threshold value or more,
determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency.
acquires
information indicative of an internal resistance or charging capacity value in an initial state of the secondary battery,
and
information indicative of a most recent internal resistance or charging capacity value of the secondary battery based on information indicative of most recent voltage, current, and temperature of the secondary battery
to
recognize a value of an internal resistance increase degree or capacity remaining degree of the secondary battery determined based on the information as a value of the deterioration state of the secondary battery.
estimate remaining life as a period until the secondary battery becomes a predetermined deterioration state,
and
predict a future internal resistance or remaining capacity value of the secondary battery from the tendency of the deterioration state of the secondary battery,
estimate, as the remaining life of the secondary battery, a period until the predicted future internal resistance or charging capacity value of the secondary battery reaches a predefined upper limit of the internal resistance value or lower limit of the charging capacity value of the secondary battery,
and
transmit to the main part of the moving body information indicative of the remaining life at least in the data that is generated
and
transmit in the case
determines that the most recent deterioration state is not deviating from the tendency.
refer to information in which the event occurring in the prepared secondary battery and a risk level of the event are recorded in association with each other to recognize the risk level of the estimated event,
determines the detailed information on the detailed deterioration state based on a content of the estimated event and the recognized risk level.
wherein
when the recognized risk level meets a predetermined condition,
transmits information indicative of the risk level and the content of the estimated event .
wherein,
in the case where the hardware processor of the moving body
determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
generates the data to include
(i) the value indicating the most recent deterioration state,
(ii) a content of an event estimated based on the information on the detailed deterioration state,
and
(iii) the recommended response.
wherein,
in the case where the hardware processor of the moving body determines that the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency,
generates the data to include
(i) the value indicating the most recent deterioration state,
(ii) a content of the estimated event,
and
(iii) the recommended response
[Mathematical Concepts – mathematical relationships; mathematical formulas or equations or mathematical calculation] and/or [Mental Processes - concepts performed in the human mind (including an observation, evaluation, judgement, opinion)].
This judicial exception is not integrated into a practical application. Limitations that are not indicative of integration into a practical application:
Adding the words “apply it” (or an equivalent) with the judicial exception, or mere instructions to implement an abstract idea on a computer, or merely uses a computer as a tool to perform an abstract idea (see MPEP § 2106.05(f)) (i.e. A state output system for… the state output system comprising: the moving body, the moving body comprising a hardware processor, a memory, and a main part; and a server, the server comprising a hardware processor and a memory; wherein the hardware processor of the moving body is configured to: wherein the hardware processor of the server is configured to: further comprising a maintenance engineer device used by a maintenance engineer who performs maintenance of the secondary battery);
Adding insignificant extra-solution activity to the judicial exception (see MPEP § 2106.05(g)) (i.e. generically data acquisition and output); or
Generally linking the use of the judicial exception to a particular technological environment or field of use (MPEP § 2106.05(h)) (i.e. a secondary battery mounted on a moving body used by a user;).
The claim(s) does/do not include additional elements that are sufficient to amount to significantly more than the judicial exception because looking at the additional elements as an ordered combination adds nothing that is not already present when looking at the elements taken individually. There is no indication that the combination of elements improves the functioning of a computer or improves any other technology. The additional elements simply append well-understood, routine, conventional activities previously known to the industry, specified at a high level of generality, to the judicial exception, e.g., a claim to an abstract idea requiring no more than a generic computer to perform generic computer functions that are well-understood, routine and conventional activities previously known to the industry, as discussed in Alice Corp., 134 S. Ct. at 2359-60, 110 USPQ2d at 1984 (see MPEP § 2106.05(d)) (i.e. See Alice Corp. and cited references for evidence of additional elements (i.e., a system comprising a plurality of generic computer structure (i.e. a moving body comprising a hardware processor, a memory, and a main part; and a server comprising a hardware processor and a memory)).
Allowable Subject Matter (over Prior Art)
See prior OA, mailed 11/07/2024, for the statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter over prior art.
Response to Arguments
Applicant’s amendments, filed on 01/02/2026, have been entered and fully considered. In light of the applicant’s amendments changing the scope of the claimed invention, the rejection(s) have been withdrawn or updated. However, upon further consideration, a new or updated ground(s) of rejection(s) have been made, and applicant's argument(s)/remark(s) pertaining to the amended language have been rendered moot.
Applicant's argument(s)/remark(s), see page(s) 13-18, filed 01/02/2026, with respect to the 101 rejection(s) has/have been fully considered.
-Applicant states
“THE REJECTION UNDER 35 U.S.C. 101
As per In re Killian, 45 F.4th 1373, 2022 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 767, there is no single, inflexible rule for the abstract idea inquiry undertaken for patent eligibility under 35 U.S.C. 101, but the CAFC has provided guidance as to what constitutes an abstract idea. The CAFC explained that, first, "[t]he 'abstract idea' step of the inquiry calls upon us to look at the 'focus of the claimed advance over the prior art' to determine if the claim's 'character as a whole' is directed to excluded subject matter." Affinity Labs of Texas, LLC v. DIRECTV, LLC, 838 F.3d 1253, 1257 (Fed. Cir. 2016). Once, the "focus of the asserted claims" is identified, it must be considered whether the claims "fall into a familiar class of claims 'directed to' a patent-ineligible concept." See Elec. Power Grp., LLC v. Alstom, S.A., 830 F.3d 1350, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2016).
As will be explained below, the focus of the claimed advance over the prior art, whose novelty and non-obviousness have already been acknowledged by the Examiner, is to provide a secondary battery management system that obtains, quantifies, estimates, determines, and/or processes, and then transmits various parameters in order to determine information relating to deterioration of a secondary battery to enable optimized use of the secondary battery in consideration of the estimated or actual deterioration of the secondary battery. Such a secondary battery management system, referred to succinctly as a state output system, should not be deemed excluded subject matter, and thus should not be deemed a patent-ineligible concept.
To better define the presently claimed invention for the purposes of addressing the Examiner's rejection under 35 U.S.C. 101 and not in view of prior art, independent claims 1, 2 and 3 have been amended to include additional features or elements for the purposes of analysis under 35 U.S.C. 101 that, in combination with previously set forth elements, should be considered to add something that is not already present in comparison to viewing the elements individually, i.e., there is a synergistic effect of the now claimed elements that cannot be derived from the elements taken individually, and/or the combination of now claimed elements improve "other technology", for example, the optimization of the use of a moving body including the secondary battery to avoid an area that could lead to deterioration beyond an acceptable rate and thus lead to the potential to be stranded with a depleted battery (claim 1).
This invention of claim 1 is therefore potentially useful for a vehicle as an example of a moving body that includes a secondary battery. It is desirable to prevent an operator of one of these vehicles from being stranded in a geographic area without the ability to move their vehicle, and without the ability to recharge the secondary battery. The invention therefore considers a deterioration history as well as positional and geographic information to enable a user to manage use of the vehicle and thereby avoid positioning the vehicle in an area in which the deterioration state deviates from an expected deterioration tendency.
With reference to FIG. 2B, it can be seen that certain positions can be determined to possess unique geographic or other characteristics that directly affect deterioration of a battery, such as the presence of many slopes that accelerate deterioration as extra power may be needed to ascend the slopes, time-based temperature variations that also can potentially accelerate deterioration, narrow alleys that often require additional electrical power and possible battery draining to maneuver, and the presence of a body of water that could also accelerate deterioration. Thus, the inventors have recognized that there is a need to associate geographical or positional characteristics with deterioration tendency and to address this fact when providing guidance about avoidance of the moving body being in positions corresponding to the geographical characteristics (the feature of amended claim 1, "transmit to the main part of the moving body, ... data including at least position where the secondary battery was used in the past and that led to the deterioration state to deviate from the tendency, and the response information about the recommended response, which is received by the moving body from the server, so as to avoid the moving body positioning in an area including the position corresponding to the geographical characteristics to have caused a later deterioration state to deviate from the tendency' (emphasis added)). In this manner, the user of the moving body can be notified of the expected deviation of the deterioration tendency, i.e., possible accelerated deterioration of the secondary battery, and can avoid such an area and thereby avoid becoming stranded with a depleted secondary battery. It is also possible to simply cause movement of the vehicle to avoid such areas, e.g., for automated or controlled vehicles.
Independent claims 1, 2 and 3 have thus been amended to recite that, in a case where the most recent deterioration state is deviating from the tendency, the server's processor determining the geographical cause of the deviation (claim 1) or the event associated with the secondary battery state information that served as the basis for the deviation and the countermeasures to avoid the deviation or the event (claims 2 and 3), the moving body's processor generates data including the cause of the deviation or the event and the countermeasures to avoid the deviation or the event, and transmits this data to the main part of the moving body. The transmitted data is further used then to avoid the position with accelerated deterioration or to enable the countermeasures to be implemented, As such, the claimed invention is not directed to a mathematical concept, and such a hardware-driven process does not constitute a patent-ineligible mental process.
It is therefore respectfully submitted that all of independent claims 1, 2 and 3 not only describe a desired result of the output state system, but also describe technological details about how that result is implemented. This is in contrast to the claims at issue in Cascades Branding Innovation LLC v. Aldi, Inc., 2025 U.S. App. LEXIS 24800 *; 2025 LX 446547; 2025 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 1226; 2025 WL 2731321, which were held patent- ineligible due to the lack of technical details about how steps in the method claims were to be implemented.
The presently claimed invention provides for explicit elements that set forth the manner in which the deterioration of a secondary battery is quantified, estimated, determined, and/or analyzed, and a useful parameter (data) is derived for future actualized management of the secondary battery, whether it is to avoid accelerated deterioration based on position (claim 1), or possible notification of an estimated event and determined response thereto to a maintenance engineer to optimize maintenance of the secondary battery (claims 2 and 3, as well as dependent claim 8).
As to claim 1, this result is implemented by enabling identification of areas of greater deterioration than expected and by transmitting information about these areas to the main part of the moving body, enables intentional avoidance of these areas, i.e., avoidance of the vehicle being directed into or through such areas. The deterioration of the secondary battery can therefore be better managed. Transmission of information about the position or location of an area with, for example, accelerated deterioration of a secondary battery should be deemed to be an implementation of a result of the processing described in claim 1.
As to claims 2 and 3, the results of the analysis of the secondary battery are used to provide an indication of the recommended next action to be taken with the secondary battery. This indication can be provided to a maintenance engineer device (50 in FIG. 1) used by the maintenance engineer who performs the maintenance of the secondary battery with the specific knowledge of the event estimated or expected to occur with the secondary battery. Possible transmission of data including content of an estimated event relating to the secondary battery and a recommended response indicating a next action for the secondary battery, for example, subsequent notification to a maintenance engineer device, should be deemed to be an implementation of a result of the processing described in claims 2 and 3.
In contrast to the assertion by the Examiner (Office Action, pages 7-8), the presently claimed invention does not merely introduce insignificant extra-solution activity to the judicial exception. Rather, the presently claimed invention describes a novel and well-reasoned approach to identifying secondary battery characteristics vis-a-vis deterioration and implementing a course of action based on such identification, whether it is to transmit data about positions of the moving body including the secondary battery to be avoided (claim 1), or a content of an estimated event occurring in the secondary battery and a recommended response indicating an action to be taken accordingly (claims 2 and 3). The combination of elements in each of independent claims 1, 2 and 3 thus add something tangible to the claimed invention that is not already present in comparison to viewing the elements individually.
In conclusion, the claimed invention provides a technical improvement in that the use of the secondary battery can be significantly more reliable than in prior art systems as accelerated deterioration is avoided by avoiding positions in which such deterioration would occur or by recommending a next action to avoid depletion of the secondary battery.
In view of the foregoing, it is respectfully requested that the rejection under 35 U.S.C. 101 be withdrawn.”.
Examiner respectfully disagrees with the underlined argument(s)/remark(s).
Examiner’s BRI of the claimed inventions is generic computer structure being used as a tool to generically acquire data, process the data via an abstract idea of mental concepts and/or mathematical concepts, and generically output a result corresponding to the deterioration state of a battery.
When examining step 2A Prong 1, Examiner determines if there is an abstract idea present. One skilled in the art can at least perform the identified abstract idea utilizing Mental Processes - concepts performed in the human mind (including an observation, evaluation, judgement, opinion). Further, one skilled in the art can at least perform the identified abstract idea utilizing Mathematical Concepts – mathematical relationships; mathematical formulas or equations or mathematical calculation. The arguments, in light of the specification, fail to convince the Examiner that utilizing Mathematical Concepts and/or Mental Processes does not fit within the scope of the identified abstract limitations.
When examining step 2A Prong 2, Examiner examines the additional elements to determine if the identified abstract idea has been practically applied in a particular way in a particular technology. Limitations that are not indicative of integration into a practical application: Adding the words “apply it” (or an equivalent) with the judicial exception, or mere instructions to implement an abstract idea on a computer, or merely uses a computer as a tool to perform an abstract idea (see MPEP § 2106.05(f)); Adding insignificant extra-solution activity to the judicial exception (see MPEP § 2106.05(g)); or Generally linking the use of the judicial exception to a particular technological environment or field of use (MPEP § 2106.05(h)). The additional elements, when viewed individually and in combination with the identified abstract idea, do not add anything beyond mere instructions to implement an abstract idea on a computer, adding generic ‘apply it’ language, and generically linking the identified abstract idea to a technological environment or field of use. The claim language generically states that the system comprises a ‘moving body’ the comprises ‘a hardware processor, a memory, and a main part’, and ‘a server’ comprising ‘a hardware processor and a memory’. The components in the system are extremely broad and not viewed as a particular technology. The abstract algorithm being performed by the generic computer structure generally links the abstract algorithm to a battery. The are no steps that perform any action on or with the battery based on the result of the algorithm that would be considered a practical application to the battery. The BRI of the claim language is in light of the specification but not limited to the specification. Applicant’s arguments providing examples of intended use(s) of the claimed invention in view of the specification does not make the claims patent eligible. The claimed invention monopolizes all technologies with a battery. Generic data acquisition and output are considered insignificant extra solution activity. The claim language is not directed towards improving how data is generally transmitted.
When examining step 2B, Examiner examines the additional elements to determine if they amount to significantly more than the abstract idea. The only additional element(s) is/are the generic computer structure being used as a tool to perform the abstract idea, and a mobile structure comprising generic computer structure. The claim(s) does/do not include additional elements that are sufficient to amount to significantly more than the judicial exception because looking at the additional elements as an ordered combination adds nothing that is not already present when looking at the elements taken individually.
It is important to note, the judicial exception alone cannot provide the improvement. An improved abstract idea is still an abstract idea.
Conclusion
THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a).
A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any extension fee pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action.
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to RAYMOND NIMOX whose telephone number is (469)295-9226. The examiner can normally be reached Mon-Thu 10am-8pm CT.
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If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, ANDREW SCHECHTER can be reached at (571) 272-2302. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300.
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RAYMOND NIMOX
Primary Examiner
Art Unit 2857
/RAYMOND L NIMOX/Primary Examiner, Art Unit