Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 17/781,407

POWER MODULE

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Jun 01, 2022
Examiner
STEVENSON, ANDRE C
Art Unit
2899
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Danfoss Silicon Power GmbH
OA Round
5 (Non-Final)
90%
Grant Probability
Favorable
5-6
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
96%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 90% — above average
90%
Career Allow Rate
764 granted / 852 resolved
+21.7% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+6.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
43 currently pending
Career history
895
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
57.8%
+17.8% vs TC avg
§102
26.8%
-13.2% vs TC avg
§112
8.7%
-31.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 852 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 12/01/25 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Applicant’s arguments, Riou and Sasaki do not teach or suggest "wherein the sides of each electrical power component of at least a subset of the rectangular electrical power components are not orthogonal to a line that: passes through a geometric center of the rectangular electrical power components component of the subset, extends orthogonal to a side of the substrate, and lies in the plane of the substrate on which the electrical power components are arranged," as recited in independent claim 1. The Examiner has considered the Applicant’s arguments, but respectfully disagrees for the following reasons; The Examiner directs the Applicant to the previously cited areas of the Final Action issued on 10/01/25, where it has be shown that Sasaki shows, a power module (fig. #1, item 100) (paragraph 0023, 0102) wherein the sides of each power component of (fig. #1, item 1a; chip) (paragraph 0105) of at least a subset of the electrical power components (fig. #8C, item OA) are not orthogonal (fig. #Ex1, item DC1) (paragraph 0112) to a line (fig. #Ex1, item X1). In an attempt to further clarify the teachings of Sasaki, the Examiner directs the Applicant to the following locations; Sasaki, paragraph (0125, fig. #10A), where it is shown that the different areas (SoAd, SOAa, Oad, Oad, OAb, etc.) poses different Chips (1a, 1b) that preside in the different areas. As can be seen in fig. #7, the foundation for the existing chips (fig. #7, item 5a) indeed houses the power chips (fig. #7, item1a, 1b) (also shown in fig. #1, item1a, 1b; paragraph 0023). Thus it can be clearly understood that the foundation as shown in fig. #8A, with parallel sides surfaces (4sk and 1sj, paragraph 0030) (which are parallel to the ‘X’ axis), which are orthogonal to akin parallel sided (1sb and 1sa, paragraph 0029), houses Sasaki’s claimed power chips (fig. #8C, item 1a and 1b). Furthermore, the Examiner takes the position that it would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, at the time of conception or possession of the presently claimed invention, to view both the teachings and drawings of Sasaki, and perceive that said claimed chips (as shown in fig. 8B-D) do not run perpendicular (orthogonal) to the ‘X’ or ‘Y’ axis. Applicant argues that the Applicant respectfully disagrees that Sasaki's FIG. 8C shows power component sides PSi at an angle to line Xi. Specifically, the angled lines in Sasaki's FIG. 8C do not represent sides of power components. Rather, these angled lines are merely cross-hatching used to identify an area (overlapping area OA) where the first semiconductor chip la overlaps the first bonding member 4a when there is a misalignment of the first semiconductor chip la relative to the first bonding member 4a. (See Sasaki, paras. [0112] and [0108]-[0109]) The Examiner has considered the Applicant’s arguments, but respectfully disagrees for the following reasons; While the Examiner is not in total agreement with the position of the Applicant, the Examiner, for sake expedience of examination, directs the Applicant to Sasaki’s fig. #8D. The Examiner takes the position (in light of the Applicant’s definition of the chip area) the chip (as defined in paragraph 0115, item 1a) is misaligned/rotated on the ‘Z’ axis; thus, placing it in a non-orthogonal position with both the ‘X’ and ‘Y’ axis. This will be demonstrated further within the rejection below. Priority Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 12/01/25 was filed in a timely manner; thus, the submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. (RCE)Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission of an RCE filed on 12/01/25 has been entered. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 148 USPQ 459 (1966), that are applied for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. Claim #1-6, 12-14 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over RIOU (U.S. Pub. No, 2020/0336078), hereinafter referred to as "Riou" and in view of Sasaki et al., (U.S. Pat. No. 2018/0308833), hereinafter referred to as "Sasaki". Riou shows, with respect to claim #1, a power module (fig. #2, item 1) comprising a plurality of rectangular and or square electrical power components (fig. #1, item 2) (paragraph 0039) arranged on a substrate (fig, #5, item 44; fig. #2, item X) (paragraph 0009, 0040-0042, 0085) of the electrical power components of the subset and extends orthogonal to a side of the substrate (paragraph 0085). Rior substantially shows the claimed invention as shown in the rejection of claim #1 above. The Examiner notes that Riou does not explicitly state wherein the sides each electrical power component of at least a subset of the electrical power components are not orthogonal to a line that passes through the geometric center of the electrical power components of the subset. However, Riou shows (paragraph 0051-0052) the angles between the metal portions are determined at the time the electrical power module is fabricated and that these angles serve to optimize integration of the electrical power module in a housing or in any environment. In particular, the accesses to the inputs and to the outputs of the electrical power module, and specifically the accesses to the input connectors and to the output connectors situated on the metal portions of the supports, may be at angles that are freely chosen in three dimensions. Sasaki teaches, in a similar device wherein power units are mounted, with respect to claim #1, a power module (fig. #1, item 100) (paragraph 0023, 0102) wherein the sides (fig. #Ex1, item 1sb, 1si, 1sa and 1sj) of each power component of (fig. #1, item 1a; chip) (paragraph 0105) of at least a subset of the electrical power components (fig. #8C, item OA) are not orthogonal to a line (fig. #Ex1, item X2, Y2) that passes through a geometric center of the electrical power components of the subset (bonding plate boarders, fig. #Ex1, item NOAa, NOAb, NOAc, NOAd) (paragraph 0030, 0032) (paragraph 0102, 0115, 0117). [AltContent: textbox (Y2)] [AltContent: arrow] [AltContent: textbox (X2)][AltContent: textbox (Ex1)][AltContent: arrow] PNG media_image1.png 709 748 media_image1.png Greyscale The Examiner notes that the applicant has not established the critical nature wherein the sides of at least a subset of the electrical power components are not orthogonal to a line that passes through the geometric center. “The law is replete with cases in which the difference between the claimed invention and the prior art is some range or other variable within the claims. In such a situation, the applicant must show that the particular range is critical, generally by showing that the claimed range achieves unexpected results relative to the prior art range.” In re Woodruff, 919 F.2d 1575, 16 USPQ2d 1934 (Fed. Cir.1990). To establish unexpected results over a claimed range, applicants should compare a sufficient number of tests inside and outside the claimed range to show criticality of the claimed range. In re Hill, 284 F.2d 955, 128 USPQ 197(CCPA 1960). Furthermore, it would have been obvious to try the particular claimed dimensions, because a change in dimension would have been a known option within the technical grasp of a person of ordinary skill in the art and, "a person of ordinary skill in the art has good reason to pursue the known options within his or her technical grasp. If this leads to the anticipated success; it is likely the product not of innovation but of ordinary skill and common sense." KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 82 USPQ2d 1385 (U.S. 2007). See also, Pfizer Inc. v. Apotex Inc., 82 USPQ2d 1852 (Fed. Cir. 2007). It would have been obvious to vary the ranges, to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made, with respect to claim #1, to modified the invention of Riou as modified by the invention of Sasaki, which teaches, a power module wherein the sides of each power component of at least a subset of the electrical power components are not orthogonal to a line that passes through a geometric center of the electrical power components of the subset, to incorporate a structural condition that can provided a uniform intensity distribution in the horizontal and vertical direction and to provide maximation of space and lower the possibility to deformation, as taught by Sasaki. Riou fails to explicitly state, with respect to claim #2, a power module wherein for all the electrical power components none of the sides of the electrical power component are orthogonal to the line passing through the geometric center of the electrical power component and extending orthogonal to a side of the substrate. Sasaki shows, with respect to claim #2, a power module wherein for all the electrical power components (fig. #8C, item OA) none of the sides (fig. #Ex1, item 1sb, 1si, 1sa and 1sj) of the electrical power component are orthogonal to the line passing through the geometric center (fig. #8C, item OA) (fig. #Ex1, item X2 and Y2) of the electrical power component and extending orthogonal to a side (fig. #Ex1, item NOAa, NOAb, NOAc, NOAd) of the substrate (paragraph 0023, 0102, 0113-0114). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made, with respect to claim #2, to modified the invention of Riou as modified by the invention of Sasaki, which teaches, a power module wherein for all the electrical power components none of the sides of the electrical power component are orthogonal to the line passing through the geometric center of the electrical power component and extending orthogonal to a side of the substrate, to incorporate a structural condition that can provided a uniform intensity distribution in the horizontal and vertical direction and to provide maximation of space and lower the possibility to deformation, as taught by Sasaki. Riou shows, with respect to claim #3, a power module wherein at least some of the electrical power (fig. #1, item 2) components are square (paragraph 0039). Riou shows, with respect to claim #4, a power module wherein all the electrical power (fig. #1, item 2) components are square (paragraph 0039). Riou shows, with respect to claim #5, a power module wherein an angle between one or more of the electrical power components and a first side of the substrate is within the range 30-60 (paragraph 0043-0044, 0052). Riou shows, with respect to claim #6, a power module wherein the angle between one or more of the electrical power components and the first side of the substrate is 45 (paragraph 0043-0044, 0052). Riou shows, with respect to claim #12, a power module wherein all electrical power components (fig. #2, item 21a-f, 22a-f) have a side extending parallel to a side of each of the remaining electrical power components (paragraph 0030-0032). Riou shows, with respect to claim #13, a power module wherein the subset of the electrical power components are power semiconductors (paragraph 0002, 0004, 0005, 0007). Riou shows, with respect to claim #14, a power module wherein the subset of the electrical power components are IGBTs and/or MOSFETs (paragraph 0004). Riou substantially shows the claimed invention as shown in the rejection of claim #1 above. Riou fails to show, with respect to claim #15, a power module wherein the substrate has two parallel first sides. Riou shows, with respect to claim #15, a power module wherein the substrate (fig. #7, item 3) has two parallel first sides (paragraph 0062). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made, with respect to claim #15, to modified the invention of Riou as modified by the invention of Sasaki, which teaches, a power module wherein the substrate has two parallel first sides, to incorporate a structural condition that provides maximation of space and is less prone to deformation, as taught by Sasaki. Riou shows, with respect to claim #16, a power module wherein the substrate (fig. #7, item 3) has two parallel first sides and two parallel second sides (paragraph 0062). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made, with respect to claim #16, to modified the invention of Riou as modified by the invention of Sasaki, which teaches, a power module wherein the substrate has two parallel first sides and two parallel second sides, to incorporate a structural condition that provides maximation of space and is less prone to deformation, as taught by Sasaki. // Claim(s) #7-11 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over RIOU (U.S. Pub. No, 2020/0336078), hereinafter referred to as "Riou" as modified b Sasaki et al., (U.S. Pat. No. 2018/0308833), hereinafter referred to as "Sasaki", as shown in the rejection of claim #1 above and in further view of Song et al., (U.S. Pub. No. 2019/0333702), hereinafter referred to as "Song". Riou as modified by Sasaki, substantially shows the claimed invention as shown in the rejection of claim #1 above. Riou as modified by Sasaki, fails to show, with respect to claim #7, a method wherein at least a subset of the electrical power components are arranged in groups of two or more electrical power components arranged side by side and being spaced apart less than 2 mm from each other. Song teaches, with respect to claim #7, a power module wherein at least a subset of the electrical power components are arranged in groups of two or more electrical power components (fig. #2, item 210 and 225) arranged side by side and being spaced apart less than 2 mm from each other (paragraph 0035-0036). It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made, with respect to claim #7, to modified the invention of Riou as modified by Sasaki, with the invention of Song, which teaches a power module wherein at least a subset of the electrical power components are arranged in groups of two or more electrical power components arranged side by side and being spaced apart less than 2 mm from each other, to incorporate a structural condition that provides a required inductance value or a desired electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise value, as taught by Song. Riou shows, with respect to claim #8, a power module wherein at least some of the groups (fig. #2, item 21a-f, 22a-f) are arranged in rectangular group areas comprising two or more electrical power components (paragraph 0030). Riou shows, with respect claim #9, a power module wherein the rectangular group areas (fig. #2, item 21a-f, 22a-f) are arranged along parallel lines (paragraph 0030-0032). Riou shows, with respect to claim #10, a power module wherein some of the electrical power components (fig. #2, item 21a-f, 22a-f) are offset along a direction perpendicular to the lines (paragraph 0030-0032). Riou shows, with respect to claim #11, a power module wherein the adjacent electrical power components (fig. #2, item 21a-f, 22a-f) of the groups are offset: in a first direction extending parallel to the lines and in a second direction extending perpendicular to the lines (paragraph 0030-0032). EXAMINATION NOTE The rejections above rely on the references for all the teachings expressed in the text of the references and/or one of ordinary skill in the art would have reasonably understood or implied from the texts of the references. To emphasize certain aspects of the prior art, only specific portions of the texts have been pointed out. Each reference as a whole should be reviewed in responding to the rejection, since other sections of the same reference and/or various combinations of the cited references may be relied on in future rejections in view of amendments. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Andre’ Stevenson whose telephone number is (571) 272 1683 (Email Address, Andre.Stevenson@USPTO.GOV). The examiner can normally be reached on Monday through Friday from 7:30 am to 4:30 pm. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Zandra Smith can be reached on 571-272 2429. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /Andre’ Stevenson Sr./ Art Unit 2899 12/21/20251 /Brent A. Fairbanks/ Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2899
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 01, 2022
Application Filed
Sep 03, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Dec 06, 2024
Response Filed
Jan 01, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Feb 27, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Apr 11, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Apr 14, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Apr 30, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Aug 08, 2025
Response Filed
Sep 26, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Dec 01, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Dec 04, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Dec 22, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
90%
Grant Probability
96%
With Interview (+6.8%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 852 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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