Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/124,353

SHOWERHEAD

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Mar 21, 2023
Examiner
ZHOU, QINGZHANG
Art Unit
3752
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Kohler Co.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
67%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 5m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 67% — above average
67%
Career Allow Rate
551 granted / 817 resolved
-2.6% vs TC avg
Strong +24% interview lift
Without
With
+24.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 5m
Avg Prosecution
54 currently pending
Career history
871
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.4%
-39.6% vs TC avg
§103
47.0%
+7.0% vs TC avg
§102
26.5%
-13.5% vs TC avg
§112
22.1%
-17.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 817 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Claims 10-20 have been withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected Groups II and III, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on November 14, 2025. Applicant’s election without traverse of Group I, Claims 1-9 in the reply filed on November 14, 2025 is acknowledged. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-5 and 7-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Xu et al. (US 8,333,335 B2). With regard to claim 1, Xu discloses a showerhead (Fig. 1), comprising: a rear face (50) having an inlet (51) and a front face (30) having a plurality of outlets (31), the front face configured to couple to the rear face to define a shell (Fig. 4) having an internal waterway between the inlet and the plurality of outlets (Fig. 4); a first support (20) disposed within the shell; and a second support (10) disposed within the shell (Fig. 4); wherein the front face (30) and the rear face (50) are configured to snap together (see Col. 4 lines 26-28, the housing 50 and lid 30 are configured to snap together, wherein during assembly the inner wall of the housing elastically deforms and, upon completion of assembly, a lower side of the inner wall resiliently presses against a side surface of the lid, such resilient contact constitutes “biasing against” as broadly and reasonably interpreted by the Examiner); and wherein the first support (20) and the second support (10) configured to snap together (Col. 3 lines 44-49). With regard to claim 2, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that each of the front face (30), the rear face (50), the first support (20), and the second support (10) are configured to couple to one another without welding or adhesives (Col. 3 lines 44-49 and Col. 4 lines 26-28 and Fig. 4). With regard to claim 3, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that the front face (30) includes a first snap (32); the rear face (50) includes a second snap (“lower side of an inner wall” Col. 4 lines 26-28); wherein the first snap (32) is configured to couple to a portion of the second support (124, Fig. 4); and wherein the second snap is configured to couple to a portion of the front face (lower side of an inner wall of 50 is coupled to side surface of 30, see Col. 4 lines 26-28 and Fig. 4). With regard to claim 4, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that the first support (20) includes a seal having protrusion (211); and the second support (10) includes a seal having an aperture (annual groove 122 shown in Fig. 8) to receive the protrusion to seal the first support with the second support (Fig. 11). With regard to claim 5, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that an entirety of the first support (20) is disposed within the shell such that the first support is not exposed outside the shell when the front face is coupled to the rear face (Fig. 11); and an entirety of the second support (10) is disposed within the shell such that the second support is not exposed outside the shell when the front face is coupled to the rear face (Fig. 11). With regard to claim 7, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that the first support (20) includes at least one alignment key (24) and at least one nozzle (25) that extends through one of the plurality of outlets (31, Fig. 4); and the second support (10) includes at least one protrusion (14) that engages with the at least one alignment key (24) to support the at least one nozzle (25). With regard to claim 8, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that the second support (10) includes an axial lock (upstream end of 11) and a rotational lock (112) configured to rotatably engage with a corresponding axial locking feature (portion between 41 and 43) and rotational locking feature (41) of a handle (40) when the second support (10) is coupled to the handle. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim 6 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Xu et al in view of Petrovic (US 2013/0186972 A1). With regard to claim 6, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that the first support and the second support are the only waterways disposed within the shell (Fig .3). Xu does not disclose that the first support is a flexible waterway, and the second support is a rigid waterway. Petrovic teaches a showerhead comprising a first support (154) and a second support, wherein the first support is a flexible waterway, and the second support is a rigid waterway (Par. [0007]). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the shower head of Xu, by incorporating the fluid channel fluidly (130) coupled to the pipe and configured to intake air into the pipe (Fig .2) as taught by Zhou, for the benefit of allowing deflection on the flow channel thereby changing the angle of trajectory of the fluid exiting the nozzle (Par. [0005]). Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Xu et al in view of Zhou et al. (WO 2012068925 A1). With regard to claim 9, the showerhead of Xu discloses the invention as disclosed in the rejection of claim 1 above. Xu further discloses that the second support (10) includes a hole having a first inner diameter (111) and configured to receive fluid from the inlet (Fig. 4); a pipe (42) coupled to the hole and having a second inner diameter (upstream section of 42) that is greater than the first inner diameter (upstream section of 42 has a greater diameter than 111); except a fluid channel fluidly coupled to the pipe and configured to intake air into the pipe. Zhou teaches a shower head comprising a fluid channel fluidly (130) coupled to the pipe and configured to intake air into the pipe (Fig .2). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the shower head of Xu, by incorporating the fluid channel fluidly (130) coupled to the pipe and configured to intake air into the pipe (Fig .2) as taught by Zhou, for the benefit of generating air bubble in the water stream to create foaming mechanism for a shower. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JOEL ZHOU whose telephone number is (571)270-1163. The examiner can normally be reached Mon-Fri 9AM-5PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, ARTHUR HALL can be reached at 5712701814. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. JOEL . ZHOU Primary Examiner Art Unit 3752 /QINGZHANG ZHOU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3752
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 21, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 16, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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SHOWER HEAD CAPABLE OF BEING RAPIDLY ASSEMBLED
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
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EYE RINSING ELEMENT
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BEAUTY EQUIPMENT
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Patent 12569869
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2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
67%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+24.3%)
3y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 817 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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