Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/129,799

DISPLAY MODULE, FABRICATION METHOD AND REPAIR METHOD THEREOF

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Mar 31, 2023
Examiner
KEAGY, ROSE ALYSSA
Art Unit
2818
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Macroblock Inc.
OA Round
2 (Final)
96%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 4m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 96% — above average
96%
Career Allow Rate
24 granted / 25 resolved
+28.0% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+7.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 4m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
49
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
54.1%
+14.1% vs TC avg
§102
29.5%
-10.5% vs TC avg
§112
16.4%
-23.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 25 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Amendment Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-9 and 11-12 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being anticipated by Asad et al. (Asad”), US 2025/0374739 (the counterpart of PCT/US2022/048990, all citations in this rejection are directed to this PG Pub), in view of Lin et al. (“Lin”), US 2021/0398865. Regarding Claim 1, Asad discloses a display module (Fig. 21; ¶ 0062), comprising: a substrate (103-1; Fig. 21; ¶ 0062), having a driving circuit (CMOS Driver; Fig. 21 in this instance the CMOS Driver within substrate 103-1; ¶ 0062); an interposer (129-1, 129-2, 129-3, 129-7, 130-9, 132; Fig. 21; ¶ 0062), comprising an interlayer (132; Fig. 21; ¶ 0062), a testing circuit (129-7; Figs. 21, 22; ¶ 0063 “a probe head or probe card 158 that may be active or passive may make temporary electrical contact 129-7” so that “both electrical and optical characteristics of the micro-devices may be measured and validated”, therefore 129-7 facilitates testing and broadly can be considered a ‘testing circuit’) and an electrically conductive structure (129-1, 129-2, 129-3; Fig. 21; ¶ 0063), wherein the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are located at the interlayer (Fig. 21), the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are misaligned with each other (Fig. 21 in this instance the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are not aligned horizontally, thus the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are misaligned horizontally with each other),and the driving circuit is electrically connected with the electrically conductive structure (Fig. 21; ¶ 0062); and at least one micro light emitting element (101, 118; Fig. 21; ¶ 0063 “micro-LEDs (micro-devices) 101 or 118”), located at the interposer (Fig. 21), wherein the at least one micro light emitting element is electrically connected with the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure (Fig. 21; ¶ 0062). Asad does not specifically disclose wherein the display module further comprises a protective layer disposed on the interposer, wherein the protective layer covers the at least one micro light emitting element, and the protective layer and the interlayer together encapsulate the at least one micro light emitting element. Lin discloses wherein the display module (S; Figs. 1-6A; ¶ 0068) further comprises a protective layer (4; Figs. 1-6A; ¶ 0058 “4 is disposed on the multilayered circuit board 1”) disposed on (Fig. 5; ¶ 0058 “4 is disposed on the multilayered circuit board 1”) the interposer (1; Fig. 5; ¶ 0058 “multilayered circuit board 1”), wherein the protective layer covers the at least one micro light emitting element (Fig. 5; ¶ 0073 “4 surrounds the first, second, and third lighting elements 21, 22, 23”), and the protective layer (4; Fig. 5) and the interlayer (top layer IW of interposer 1; Figs. 4-6; ¶ 0058) together encapsulate the at least one micro light emitting element (Fig. 5; ¶ 0065 “lighting unit 2 can include…lighting elements 21, 22, 23”, ¶ 0058 “lighting unit 2 is disposed on the multilayered circuit board 1 and includes a plurality of lighting elements”, ¶ 0073 protective layer 4 is “disposed on the multilayered circuit board 1” and “surrounds the first, second, and third lighting elements 21, 22, 23”, therefore the protective layer and the interlayer together encapsulate the at least one micro light emitting element). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention for Asad to have wherein the display module further comprises a protective layer disposed on the interposer, wherein the protective layer covers the at least one micro light emitting element, and the protective layer and the interlayer together encapsulate the at least one micro light emitting element, as taught by Lin, because “4 has a reduced water absorption rate, thereby increasing the reliability of the LED package structure S” (Lin ¶ 0073). Regarding Claim 2, Asad discloses wherein the substrate is a target substrate (Fig. 21; ¶ 0062 “CMOS driver may be capable of driving the micro-LEDs by modulation”) where the interposer and the at least one micro light emitting element are transferred (¶ 0062 note that this limitation is not given patentable weight because it is a process limitation in a product claim). Regarding Claim 3, Asad discloses wherein the electrically conductive structure of the interposer extends through the interlayer (Fig. 21 specifically, 129-1 extends through 132). Regarding Claim 4, Asad discloses wherein the at least one micro light emitting element is one-piece formed on the interlayer (Fig. 21 note that this limitation is not given patentable weight because it is a process limitation in a product claim, but one piece is formed on the interlayer for the structural element). Regarding Claim 5, Asad discloses wherein the interlayer of the interposer has a first surface (Fig. 21 in this instance the bottom surface of 132) and a second surface (Fig. 21 in this instance the top surface of 132) opposite to each other (Fig. 21), the first surface faces toward the substrate (Fig. 21), and the testing circuit is located on the first surface (Fig. 21). Regarding Claim 6, Asad discloses wherein the interlayer of the interposer has a first surface (Fig. 21 in this instance the bottom surface of 132) and a second surface (Fig. 21 in this instance the top surface of 132) opposite to each other (Fig. 21), the first surface faces toward the substrate (Fig. 21), and the testing circuit is located on the second surface (Fig. 21 in this instance testing circuit 129-7 is located on the second surface because it is located below the top surface of 132, in another interpretation if the figure was flipped over 180 degrees the testing circuit would also be considered ‘on’). Regarding Claim 7, Asad discloses further comprising an electrical connection element (rightmost 129-5; Fig. 12; ¶ 0053) between the substrate and the interlayer (Fig. 12 in this instance between substrate 130-5 and interlayer 132), wherein the driving circuit is electrically connected with the electrically conductive structure through the electrical connection element (Fig. 12). Regarding Claim 8, Asad discloses wherein the electrical connection element comprises metal solder (¶ 0053 “solder pad 129-5”). Regarding Claim 9, Asad discloses wherein a projection of the at least one micro light emitting element onto a surface of the substrate does not overlap a projection of the electrical connection element onto the surface (Fig. 14 in this instance a projection of 101,118 onto 130-5 does not overlap the rightmost electrical connection). Regarding Claim 11, Asad discloses wherein the protective layer and the testing circuit are located at opposite sides of the interlayer, respectively (Fig. 21). Regarding Claim 12, further comprising a buffer layer (130-2; Fig. 14; ¶ 0053) between the substrate and the interlayer of the interposer (Fig. 14; ¶ 0053 in this instance between substrate 130-5 and interlayer 132). Response to Arguments The Applicant states (page 6 of 7) that Asad does not disclose “the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are misaligned with each other”. As explained in the rejection of amended Claim 1 supra, Asad discloses the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are misaligned with each other (Fig. 21 in this instance the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are not aligned horizontally, thus the testing circuit and the electrically conductive structure are misaligned horizontally with each other). The Applicant states (page 6 of 7) that Asad does not disclose “the protective layer and the interlayer together encapsulate the at least one micro light emitting element”. The amendments to Claim 1 has necessitated an updated rejection of Claim 1. Claim 1 is now rejected over the combination of Asad and Lin, as explained supra. Independent Claim 1 is rejected for at least the reasons stated supra. Dependent Claims 2-9 and 11-12 are rejected for at least the reasons stated supra. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Rose Keagy whose telephone number is (571) 270-3455. The examiner can normally be reached Mon-Fri. 8am-5pm (CT). Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jeff Natalini can be reached at (571) 272-2266. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /R.K./Examiner, Art Unit 2818 /JEFF W NATALINI/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2818
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 31, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 05, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Feb 03, 2026
Response Filed
Feb 13, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
96%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+7.1%)
3y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 25 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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