Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/141,427

CONTINGENT CARDIO-PROTECTION FOR EPILEPSY PATIENTS

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Apr 30, 2023
Examiner
HULBERT, AMANDA K
Art Unit
3792
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Flint Hills Scientific LLC
OA Round
5 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
5-6
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
88%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
626 granted / 743 resolved
+14.3% vs TC avg
Minimal +4% lift
Without
With
+3.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
32 currently pending
Career history
775
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
3.3%
-36.7% vs TC avg
§103
39.3%
-0.7% vs TC avg
§102
27.9%
-12.1% vs TC avg
§112
22.7%
-17.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 743 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application is being examined under the pre-AIA first to invent provisions. Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on January 9, 2026 has been entered. Currently claims 1-10, 12-13, and 15-17 are pending in this application, with claims 1-9 withdrawn from consideration. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 10, 12-13, and 15-17 have been considered but not persuasive inasmuch as they apply to the amendments to the claims. Examiner notes that the amendments to the claims have changed the scope of the claims and required new rejections under 35 U.S.C. 112, some of which have been previously presented in Office actions. As previously discussed, Examiner notes that, as best can be determined, stimulation of vagus nerve, part of the parasympathetic system, is only capable of adjusting parasympathetic tone. The specification, furthermore, does not disclose adjusting sympathetic tone via an electrode and programmable electrical stimulator generator connected to a sympathetic nerve of the patient as described in the claims. The specification only discloses that “. . . the method may comprise reducing the patient's sympathetic tone, such as by applying high-frequency stimulation to a sympathetic nerve trunk or ganglion or administering an anti-cholinergic drug.” (Paragraph 177). It does not include any other information as to how the stimulation is applied. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 – New Matter The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 10, 12-13 and 15-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to reasonably convey to one skilled in the relevant art that the inventor or a joint inventor, or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the inventor(s), at the time the application was filed, had possession of the claimed invention. Claim 10, lines 12-14 recite the limitation “the one or more processors are configured to via the at least one electrode increase a sympathetic tone or to decrease a sympathetic tone to increase the heart rate of the patient based on the first triggering event via the programmable electrical signal generator.” The specification as originally filed does not disclose increasing or decreasing a sympathetic tone using the electrode system as taught in Figures 1-3 and disclosed in claim 10. The specification only discloses that “. . . the method may comprise reducing the patient's sympathetic tone, such as by applying high-frequency stimulation to a sympathetic nerve trunk or ganglion or administering an anti-cholinergic drug.” (Paragraphs 177 & 178). It does not include any other information as to how this stimulation to affect sympathetic tone is applied. The specification does not disclose that stimulation to affect sympathetic tone is performed by the electrode and electrical stimulation generator described in the specification, and thus the specification as originally filed does not show that the applicant had possession of the claimed invention at the time of filing. Similar issues exist in dependent claim 13. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 - Enablement The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 10, 12-13, and 15-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the enablement requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to enable one skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and/or use the invention. Claim 10, lines 12-14 recite the limitation “the one or more processors are configured to via the at least one electrode increase a sympathetic tone or to decrease a sympathetic tone to increase the heart rate of the patient based on the first triggering event via the programmable electrical signal generator.” The specification as originally filed does not disclose increasing or decreasing a sympathetic tone using the electrode system as taught in Figures 1-3 and disclosed in claim 10. The specification only discloses that “. . . the method may comprise reducing the patient's sympathetic tone, such as by applying high-frequency stimulation to a sympathetic nerve trunk or ganglion or administering an anti-cholinergic drug.” (Paragraphs 177 & 178). It does not include any other information as to how this stimulation is applied, and thus it is not clear how one of ordinary skill in the art would be able to make/use the invention. Similar issues exist is dependent claim 13. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 – Second Paragraph The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 10, 12-13, and 15-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 10, lines 7-9 recite the limitation “a logic unit configured via one or more processors to compare a monitored value which is determined based on one or more data points relating to the heart rate”. It is unclear how the how the “one or more data points relating to the heart rate” are determined, as they are neither collected via the sensor nor determined via the heart rate unit. It is unclear if the “one more data points relating to heart rate” are actually heart rate data or other data. Claim 10, lines 10-11 recites the limitation, “wherein the one or more processors are configured to initiate one or more actions to change the heart rate of the patient based on the determination of the first triggering event,” while lines 12-14 recite the limitation, “the one or more processors are configured to via the at least one electrode increase a sympathetic tone or to decrease a sympathetic tone to increase the heart rate of the patient based on the first triggering event via the programmable electrical signal generator.” It is unclear whether the limitation that the one or more processors are “configured to initiate one or more actions to change the heart rate of the patient” is a separate from the limitation that the one or more processors are configured to . . . to increase the heart rate of the patient based on the first triggering event via the programmable electrical signal generator” or if the second limitation is simply further limiting the first limitation. For the purposes of examination these are taken to be two different limitations, but further clarification is required. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Amanda K Hulbert whose telephone number is (571)270-1912. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday 9:00-5:00. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Unsu Jung can be reached on 571-272-8506. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /Amanda K Hulbert/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3792
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Prosecution Timeline

Apr 30, 2023
Application Filed
Jun 14, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Oct 15, 2024
Response Filed
Nov 01, 2024
Final Rejection — §112
Jan 28, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 28, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jun 03, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jun 04, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Aug 11, 2025
Response Filed
Aug 18, 2025
Final Rejection — §112
Oct 15, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 09, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Jan 30, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
88%
With Interview (+3.7%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 743 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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