Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/363,547

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ENHANCING WATER SAFETY USING SENSOR AND UNMANNED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Aug 01, 2023
Examiner
SHABMAN, MARK A
Art Unit
2855
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
OA Round
2 (Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 9m
To Grant
98%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
862 granted / 1023 resolved
+16.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +14% lift
Without
With
+14.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 9m
Avg Prosecution
40 currently pending
Career history
1063
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.5%
-38.5% vs TC avg
§103
49.0%
+9.0% vs TC avg
§102
17.5%
-22.5% vs TC avg
§112
29.4%
-10.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1023 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claims 1-20 have been considered but are moot in view of the new ground(s) of rejection due to the addition of the Garrod reference as detailed below. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-3, 6-7 10-12, 15, 16, 19 and 20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Garrod et al. US 2010/0060512 and Aponte Luis US 2019/0251822. Regarding claim 1, Garrod teaches a computer system and method for monitoring a water level in a water source (river, fig. 4), comprising at least one processor 54 in communication with at least one memory device and at least one sensor 35, the at least one processor configured to receive water data from the at least one sensor located at the water source (fig. 4 illustrates a sensor 35 located at a river 64), wherein the water data is generated by the at least one sensor using signals that the at least one sensor transmits (36) to and receives from (34) the water source, and wherein the signals detect or measure the water level in the water source (paragraph 0029). The processor then analyzes the received data to determine one or more water levels of the water source (paragraph 0030), and determines whether the water in the water source includes an anomalous water level (if the water level rises above the norm, paragraph 0029), in determination that the water level includes the anomalous water level, an alert is generated (paragraph 0029) indicating that the water includes the anomalous water level (is above the norm), and the alert is transmitted via wireless communication (paragraph 0029). Garrod teaches transmitting the alert, but does not explicitly disclose transmitting it to one or more client devices associated with at least one user of the water source as claimed. Aponte Luis teaches a computer system as seen in fig. 1 and fig. 2 for detecting water levels and alerting users in real time of the water level, the computer system including at least one processor 105 in communication with at least one memory device 106 and at least one sensors 112a, 112b, 112c, 113, wherein an alert is generated and transmitted via wireless communication or data transmission, to one or more client devices associated with at least one user of the water source when an anomalous level is detected (paragraph 0038). Aponte Luis is directed towards a rising water level and flooding in a housing but does not detect the water level in a water source itself. Aponte Luis is considered to be analogous art to that of Garrod in the field of liquid detection and it therefore would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the processing and transmission means of Aponte Luis with the level sensing device of Garrod in order to monitor a water source for flooding or other rising water and to transmit the detection alerts to users’ mobile devices to provide warning of potential danger in the area. Regarding claim 2, the system of Garrod teaches detecting an overflowing condition when the river rises above the norm. Regarding claim 3, the alert of Garrod includes the water level since it is generated when the norm is exceeded. Regarding claim 6, Garrod teaches determining a water level above the norm which would require comparing the water data to a threshold as claimed. Regarding claim 7, the water source of Garrod is a river as claimed (paragraph 0029). Regarding claim 10, Garrod teaches a computer system and method for monitoring a water level in a water source (river, fig. 4), comprising at least one processor 54 in communication with at least one memory device and at least one sensor 35, the at least one processor, the method comprising receiving water data from the at least one sensor located at the water source (fig. 4 illustrates a sensor 35 located at a river 64), wherein the water data is generated by the at least one sensor using signals that the at least one sensor transmits (36) to and receives from (34) the water source, and wherein the signals detect or measure the water level in the water source (paragraph 0029), analyzing the received data to determine one or more water levels of the water source (paragraph 0030), and determining whether the water in the water source includes an anomalous water level (if the water level rises above the norm, paragraph 0029). In response to determination that the water level includes the anomalous water level, an alert is generated (paragraph 0029) indicating that the water includes the anomalous water level (is above the norm), and the alert is transmitted via wireless communication (paragraph 0029). Garrod teaches transmitting the alert, but does not explicitly disclose transmitting it to one or more client devices associated with at least one user of the water source as claimed. Aponte Luis teaches a computer system as seen in fig. 1 and fig. 2 and method for detecting water levels and alerting users in real time of the water level, the computer system including at least one processor 105 in communication with at least one memory device 106 and at least one sensors 112a, 112b, 112c, 113, wherein an alert is generated and transmitted via wireless communication or data transmission, to one or more client devices associated with at least one user of the water source when an anomalous level is detected (paragraph 0038). Aponte Luis is directed towards a rising water level and flooding in a housing but does not detect the water level in a water source itself. Aponte Luis is considered to be analogous art to that of Garrod in the field of liquid detection and it therefore would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the processing and transmission means of Aponte Luis with the level sensing device of Garrod in order to monitor a water source for flooding or other rising water and to transmit the detection alerts to users’ mobile devices to provide warning of potential danger in the area. Regarding claim 11, the system of Garrod teaches detecting an overflowing condition when the river rises above the norm. Regarding claim 12, the alert of Garrod includes the water level since it is generated when the norm is exceeded. Regarding claim 15, Garrod teaches determining a water level above the norm which would require comparing the water data to a threshold as claimed. Regarding claim 16, the water source of Garrod is a river as claimed (paragraph 0029). Regarding claim 19, Garrod teaches a computer system and method for monitoring a water level in a water source (river, fig. 4) which would be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for operation on the processor, comprising at least one processor 54 in communication with at least one memory device and at least one sensor 35, the at least one processor configured to receive water data from the at least one sensor located at the water source (fig. 4 illustrates a sensor 35 located at a river 64), wherein the water data is generated by the at least one sensor using signals that the at least one sensor transmits (36) to and receives from (34) the water source, and wherein the signals detect or measure the water level in the water source (paragraph 0029). The processor then analyzes the received data to determine one or more water levels of the water source (paragraph 0030), and determines whether the water in the water source includes an anomalous water level (if the water level rises above the norm, paragraph 0029), in determination that the water level includes the anomalous water level, an alert is generated (paragraph 0029) indicating that the water includes the anomalous water level (is above the norm), and the alert is transmitted via wireless communication (paragraph 0029). Garrod teaches transmitting the alert, but does not explicitly disclose transmitting it to one or more client devices associated with at least one user of the water source as claimed. Aponte Luis teaches a computer system as seen in fig. 1 and fig. 2 for detecting water levels and alerting users in real time of the water level, the computer system including at least one processor 105 in communication with at least one memory device 106 and at least one sensors 112a, 112b, 112c, 113, wherein an alert is generated and transmitted via wireless communication or data transmission, to one or more client devices associated with at least one user of the water source when an anomalous level is detected (paragraph 0038). Aponte Luis is directed towards a rising water level and flooding in a housing but does not detect the water level in a water source itself. Aponte Luis is considered to be analogous art to that of Garrod in the field of liquid detection and it therefore would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the processing and transmission means of Aponte Luis with the level sensing device of Garrod in order to monitor a water source for flooding or other rising water and to transmit the detection alerts to users’ mobile devices to provide warning of potential danger in the area. Regarding claim 20, the system of Garrod teaches detecting an overflowing condition when the river rises above the norm. Claim(s) 4 and 5 and claims 13 and 14 are is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Garrod and Aponte Luis as applied to claims 1 and 10 above, and further in view of Walbert US 2018/0089981. Regarding claims 4 and 5, Garrod and Aponte Luis teach the claimed invention but do not explicitly disclose the processor as generating a user list based on user data previously received from the client devices as claimed. Walbert teaches a system for detecting rising water levels and alerting users to potentially hazardous conditions. Paragraph 0069 of Walbert teaches generating a user list and contacting the users via client devices such as cell phones which have been previously entered into the system. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the teachings of Walbert with those of Garrod and Aponte in order to contact users via cellphone who may be in danger due to the rising water levels. Regarding claims 13 and 14, Garrod and Aponte Luis teach the claimed invention but do not explicitly disclose the processor as generating a user list based on user data previously received from the client devices as claimed. Walbert teaches a system for detecting rising water levels and alerting users to potentially hazardous conditions. Paragraph 0069 of Walbert teaches generating a user list and contacting the users via client devices such as cell phones which have been previously entered into the system. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the teachings of Walbert with those of Garrod and Aponte in order to contact users via cellphone who may be in danger due to the rising water levels. Claim(s) 8 and 17 are is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Garrod and Aponte Luis as applied to claims 1 and 10 above, and further in view of Vaskovic US 7,417,552. Regarding claim 8, Garrod and Aponte Luis teach the claimed invention but do not explicitly disclose the processor configured to in response to determining that the water source includes an anomalous water level, transmit drainage instructions to the water depth controller and cause the water depth controller to drain the water source based on the transmitted draining instructions. Vaskovic discloses a flood alarm system which operates in a sump basin 20 and comprises a level sensor and pump means 24 for initiating drainage when an anomalous water level is reached. Vaskovic further comprises a processor (column 2, lines 46-60) which notifies a user of a potential flood when detected. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the teachings of Vaskovic with those of Garrod and Aponte Luis in order to provide similar flood reduction means in the form of a pump system or similar to allow for draining and potential flood prevention as it was known in the art at the time of filing to use such systems in flood-prone locations. Regarding claim 17, Garrod and Aponte Luis teach the claimed invention but do not explicitly disclose the processor configured to in response to determining that the water source includes an anomalous water level, transmit drainage instructions to the water depth controller and cause the water depth controller to drain the water source based on the transmitted draining instructions. Vaskovic discloses a flood alarm system which operates in a sump basin 20 and comprises a level sensor and pump means 24 for initiating drainage when an anomalous water level is reached. Vaskovic further comprises a processor (column 2, lines 46-60) which notifies a user of a potential flood when detected. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the teachings of Vaskovic with those of Garrod and Aponte Luis in order to provide similar flood reduction means in the form of a pump system or similar to allow for draining and potential flood prevention as it was known in the art at the time of filing to use such systems in flood-prone locations. Claim(s) 9 and 18 are is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Garrod and Aponte Luis as applied to claims 1 and 10 above, and further in view of Kusumoto et al. US 2018/0356221. Regarding claim 9, Garrod and Aponte Luis teach the claimed invention but do not explicitly disclose the use of an unmanned vehicle (UV), wherein the processor receives topography data from the UV including imagery information indicative of one or more water levels in the water source, and determines based upon the topography data, whether water in the water source includes the anomalous water level. Kusumoto discloses a system and method for monitoring a water level in a water source such as river or lake (paragraph 0042) using an unmanned vehicle (fig. 1, paragraph 0044) which records imagery information of one or more water levels of the water source (water level gauge 200 is recorded with a camera 160, paragraph 0044), and a water level of the water source is determined via processing means (fig. 7). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the teachings of Kusumoto with those of Garrod and Aponte Luis in order to provide a visual confirmation of a water level in the water source to safely verify the correct level is being recorded prior to transmitting an alert. Regarding claim 18, Garrod and Aponte Luis teach the claimed invention but do not explicitly disclose the use of an unmanned vehicle (UV), wherein the processor receives topography data from the UV including imagery information indicative of one or more water levels in the water source, and determines based upon the topography data, whether water in the water source includes the anomalous water level. Kusumoto discloses a system and method for monitoring a water level in a water source such as river or lake (paragraph 0042) using an unmanned vehicle (fig. 1, paragraph 0044) which records imagery information of one or more water levels of the water source (water level gauge 200 is recorded with a camera 160, paragraph 0044), and a water level of the water source is determined via processing means (fig. 7). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing to have combined the teachings of Kusumoto with those of Garrod and Aponte Luis in order to provide a visual confirmation of a water level in the water source to safely verify the correct level is being recorded prior to transmitting an alert. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Mark A. Shabman whose telephone number is (571)272-8589. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8:00-4:30 EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Laura Martin can be reached at 571-272-2160. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MARK A SHABMAN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2855
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 01, 2023
Application Filed
Sep 29, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Dec 12, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Dec 12, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Dec 23, 2025
Response Filed
Mar 13, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12596102
RESONATOR STRUCTURE FOR MASS SENSING
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12596050
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LEAKAGE DETECTING OF CRUDE OIL TANK FLOOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12590542
Method for Detecting Stress State of Roadway Surrounding Rocks Based on Three-Dimensional Electric Potential Response
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12584837
DEVICE FOR MEASURING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A DEFORMABLE MATRIX, IMPLEMENTATION METHOD AND USES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12575496
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY CROP CONTAMINATION DETECTION AND HANDLING
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
98%
With Interview (+14.0%)
2y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 1023 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month