Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/491,161

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FERROELECTRIC MEMORY DEVICE

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Oct 20, 2023
Examiner
ULLAH, ELIAS
Art Unit
2893
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 4m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
700 granted / 829 resolved
+16.4% vs TC avg
Moderate +8% lift
Without
With
+8.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 4m
Avg Prosecution
22 currently pending
Career history
851
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
32.8%
-7.2% vs TC avg
§102
55.7%
+15.7% vs TC avg
§112
7.8%
-32.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 829 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Makala et al. (Makala, 2021/0358952 A1). Regarding claim 1, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising: a substrate (substrate 9); a plurality of insulating layers (insulation layer 31) stacked on an upper surface of the substrate (substrate 9); a plurality of gate electrodes (gate electrode 45) between the plurality of insulating layers (insulation layer 31); a plurality of gate insulating layers (gate insulation layer 56) in contact with corresponding side surfaces of the plurality of gate electrodes (gate electrode 45); a ferroelectric layer (ferroelectric layer 44) in contact with side surfaces of the plurality of insulating layers (insulation layer 31); a plurality of intermediate electrodes (conductive layer 54) between the plurality of gate insulating layers (gate insulation layer 56) and the ferroelectric layer (ferroelectric layer 44); and a channel layer ( channel layer 60) in contact with the ferroelectric layer (ferroelectric layer 44). Regarding claim 2, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein each of the plurality of intermediate electrodes (conductive layer 54) is configured to include a charge of a first polarity (see FIG. 17A-B and [0080-0115]). Regarding claim 3, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein in a cross-sectional view, the plurality of gate electrodes (gate electrode 45) are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate (substrate 9), and each of the plurality of gate electrodes extends in a direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate (substrate 9). Regarding claim 4, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein each of the plurality of gate electrodes (gate electrode 45) is electrically connected to a word line [0042]), and each of the plurality of intermediate electrodes are configured (underline limitation considered as product by process) to be a floating electrode. Regarding claim 5, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the plurality of intermediate electrodes extend to protrude from side surfaces of the plurality of insulating layers (insulation layer 31) in a first direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate (substrate 9). Regarding claim 6, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the ferroelectric layer (ferroelectric layer 44) and the channel layer ( channel layer 60) each have a protruding shape corresponding to a protruding portion of the plurality of intermediate electrodes (see FIG. 17A-B). Regarding claim 7, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the plurality of gate insulating layers (gate insulation layer 56) are respectively on an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface of corresponding gate electrodes of the plurality of gate electrodes (gate electrode 45), the upper and lower surfaces of the corresponding gate electrodes parallel to the upper surface of the substrate, and the side surface of the corresponding gate electrodes perpendicular to upper surface the substrate (substrate 9). Regarding claim 8, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the plurality of gate insulating layers (gate insulation layer 56) are respectively on one side surface of corresponding gate electrodes (gate electrode 45) of the plurality of gate electrodes (see FIG. 17A-B). Regarding claim 9, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein a source electrode and a drain electrode ([0133-0134]) are respectively on both sides of the channel layer (channel layer 60) in a second direction that is parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the first direction (see FIG. 17A/B). Regarding claim 10, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the source electrode is electrically connected to a corresponding source line ([0148]), and the drain electrode is electrically connected to a corresponding bit line ([0148]). Regarding claim 11, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein in a cross-sectional view, the plurality of intermediate electrodes extend towards side surfaces of the plurality of insulating layers ( insulation layer 31) in a first direction parallel to the upper surface the substrate (substrate 9). Regarding claim 12, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the plurality of gate insulating layers (gate insulation layer 56) are respectively on an upper surface, a lower surface, and the side surface of corresponding gate electrodes (gate electrode 45) of the plurality of gate electrodes, the upper and lower surfaces of the corresponding gate electrodes parallel to the upper surface of the substrate, and the side surface of the corresponding gate electrodes being perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate (substrate 9). Regarding claims 13 and 17, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the plurality of gate insulating layers (gate insulation layer 56) are respectively on the side surface of the corresponding gate electrodes (gate electrode 45). Regarding claim 14, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein each of the plurality of gate electrodes and each of the plurality of intermediate electrodes independently include at least one of W, TiN, TaN, WN, NbN, Mo, Ru, Ir, RuO, IrO, or polysilicon ([0111]+) Regarding claim 15, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the insulating layers comprise at least one of SiO, SiOC, SiON, or SiN ([0113]). Regarding claim 16, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the ferroelectric layers comprise at least one of a ferroelectric fluorite-based material, a ferroelectric nitride-based material, or a ferroelectric perovskite ([0134]). Regarding claim 18, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the channel layer is provided to correspond with the plurality of gate electrodes (gate electrode 45). Regarding claim 19, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the channel layer comprises at least one of a Group IV semiconductor, a Group III-V semiconductor, an oxide ( channel layer 60) semiconductor, a nitride semiconductor, a nitrogen oxide semiconductor, a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor material, quantum dots, or an organic semiconductor ([0115] +). Regarding claim 20, Makala shows a three-dimensional (3D) ferroelectric memory device (Fig. 17A-B) comprising, wherein the channel layer (channel layer 60) extends in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate (substrate 9). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ELIAS M ULLAH whose telephone number is (571)272-1415. The examiner can normally be reached M-F at 8AM-5PM EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Yara Green can be reached at 571-270-3035. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ELIAS ULLAH/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2893
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 20, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 13, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+8.1%)
2y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 829 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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