Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/501,397

SENSOR DEVICE IN A STEERING SYSTEM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND STEERING SYSTEM

Final Rejection §102
Filed
Nov 03, 2023
Examiner
MORALES, OMAR
Art Unit
3747
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
ZF Automotive Germany GmbH
OA Round
2 (Final)
58%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 8m
To Grant
77%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 58% of resolved cases
58%
Career Allow Rate
288 granted / 493 resolved
-11.6% vs TC avg
Strong +18% interview lift
Without
With
+18.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 8m
Avg Prosecution
35 currently pending
Career history
528
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
60.0%
+20.0% vs TC avg
§102
29.6%
-10.4% vs TC avg
§112
8.8%
-31.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 493 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION This action is in response to Applicants’ amendment received on October 16, 2025. Claim 1-20 are pending in the application. Claims 15-20 have been added. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-4, 10-13 and 15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Park (KR 20220121120 A), hereinafter “Park”. Regarding claim 1, Park discloses a sensor device in a steering system of a motor vehicle (Abstract), comprising: a rotational angle sensor (Fig. 3 (300)), the rotational angle sensor being connected to a toothed wheel (Fig. 5 (400)) and detecting a rotation of the toothed wheel (Description-of-Embodiments section: paragraph 10), the toothed wheel (400) being fitted on a steering tie rod (Fig. 5 (50)) such that it meshes with a spindle thread (Fig. 5 (in the vicinity of element 50)) on the steering tie rod (Fig. 5 (50)) which is part of a ball screw drive (Fig. 4 (40)) of a servo drive (Fig. 3 (10)). Regarding claim 2, Park discloses the sensor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the toothed wheel (Fig. 5 (400)) meshes with the spindle thread (Fig. 5 (in the vicinity of element 50)) at a 90-deg. angle in relation to the steering tie rod (Fig. 5 (50)). Regarding claim 3, Park discloses the sensor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotational angle sensor (Fig. 3 (300)) directly connects to a shaft (Fig. 6 (100)) that also bears the toothed wheel (Fig. 3 (400)). Regarding claim 4, Park discloses the sensor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the toothed wheel (Fig. 5 (400)) is constructed of a plastic (Description-of-Embodiments section: paragraph 12). Regarding claim 10, Park discloses a steering system for a motor vehicle (Abstract), comprising a sensor device as claimed in claim 1 (Fig. 3). Regarding claim 11, Park discloses the steering system as claimed in claim 10, a housing (Fig. 5 (20)) of the sensor device being arranged next to and formed in one piece with a housing of the ball screw drive (Fig. 4 (40)) of the servo drive. Regarding claim 12, Park discloses the sensor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rotational angle sensor (Fig. 3 (300)) directly connects to a shaft (Fig. 6 (100)) that also bears the toothed wheel (Fig. 6 (400)). Regarding claim 13, Park discloses the sensor device as claimed in claim 12, wherein a radially elastically flexible element (Fig. 7 (410)) which acts on a connection between the toothed wheel and the spindle thread being present (Figs. 5 & 7). Regarding claim 15, Park discloses the sensor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spindle thread (Fig. 5 (in the vicinity of element 50)) threadably engages a nut of the ball screw drive (Fig. 4 (40)). Allowable Subject Matter Claims 5-9, 14 and 16-20 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Response to Arguments Applicants’ remarks filed on October 16, 2025 have been fully considered but they are not deemed persuasive. Applicants contend that the reference of Park (KR 20220121120 A), hereinafter “Park” fails to disclose a toothed wheel that meshes with a spindle thread on a steering tie rod which is part of a ball screw drive of a servo drive. Applicants further contend that the rack bar (50) of Park is not threaded. Examiner submits that as can be seen in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 of Park; the “rack bar” (50) is threaded and the toothed wheel (Fig. 5 (400)) meshes with a spindle thread (Fig. 5 (in the vicinity of element 50)) on the steering tie rod (Fig. 5 (50)). Therefore, it is understood that the reference of Park teaches all the limitations required by the independent claim 1. Accordingly, the grounds of rejection are deemed proper. THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any extension fee pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to OMAR MORALES whose telephone number is (571)272-5923. The examiner can normally be reached Monday thru Friday. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Lindsay Low can be reached on (571)272-1196. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /O.M/Examiner, Art Unit 3747 /LINDSAY M LOW/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3747
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 03, 2023
Application Filed
Jul 14, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Oct 16, 2025
Response Filed
Jan 24, 2026
Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
58%
Grant Probability
77%
With Interview (+18.3%)
3y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 493 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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