Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/546,648

SUBCUTANEOUS PHOTOBIOMODULATION

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Aug 16, 2023
Examiner
KUO, JONATHAN T
Art Unit
3792
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Case Western Reserve University
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
73%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 73% — above average
73%
Career Allow Rate
332 granted / 457 resolved
+2.6% vs TC avg
Strong +27% interview lift
Without
With
+27.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
43 currently pending
Career history
500
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.5%
-35.5% vs TC avg
§103
45.4%
+5.4% vs TC avg
§102
16.7%
-23.3% vs TC avg
§112
21.1%
-18.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 457 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of group I, claims 1-8 in the reply filed on 9/17/2025 is acknowledged. Claims 9-15 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected invention, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on 9/17/2025. The status of the claim(s) are: Claim(s) 9-15 are withdrawn; Claim(s) 1-8 are examined on the merits; Claim(s) 1-15 are presently pending. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1, 3-4, 6-8 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Denison (US 20150375006 A1; 12/31/2015; cited in IDS). Regarding claim 1, Denison teaches a method for treating pain ([0034] “pain”), the method comprising: delivering a predefined dosing pattern of a light signal by a subcutaneous light source (Fig. 1; Fig. 14; [0039]-[0040]; [0094]-[0095]); transmitting the predefined dosing pattern of the light signal through the patient's body to an emitter (Fig. 1; [0039]-[0040]; [0094]-[0095]), wherein the emitter is located at a location proximal to a nerve related to the pain ([0034]; [0101]); delivering the predefined dose of the light signal to a target to treat pain by neuromodulation ([0094]-0096]; [0101]). Regarding claim 3, Denison teaches powering the subcutaneous light source by an external RF power source that is positioned over the subcutaneous system ([0118]-[0119] “RF-charging”; [0154] “proximal inductive interaction”). Regarding claim 4, Denison teaches using a battery within the subcutaneous system to power the subcutaneous light source ([0084] “battery”; [0118]; [0154] “battery”). Regarding claim 6, Denison teaches wherein the predefined dose comprises at least one of an optical power, a pulse width, a pulse shape, a frequency, an intensity, a cycling parameter comprising one or more period(s) of on time or off time, an amount of light delivered per unit time, a total amount of light to be delivered ([0038]; [0040]; [0095]; [0101]). Regarding claim 7, Denison teaches wherein the subcutaneous system comprises a wireless transmitter to communicate with an external device to receive updates to the predefined dose (Fig. 4-5; [0097]; [0126]). Regarding claim 8, Denison teaches wherein the subcutaneous light source comprises a non-transitory memory to store the predefined dose ([0108]). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 2 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Denison as applied to claim 1 above. Regarding claim 2, Denison does not explicitly teach repeating the delivering, transmitting, and delivering one or more of several times a day, daily, or weekly. Note that Denison teaches optical stimulation can be adjusted/repeated as necessary ([0038]; [0040]; [0094] “periodically interrogate implantable stimulator…to evaluation…modify the programs”; [0095]-[0096]; [0101]; [0141]; [0158]). As an initial matter, merely replicating the treatment step one or more additional times would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, at least until the desired outcome was achieved. For example, in Perfect Web Tech., Inc. v. InfoUSA, Inc., 587 F.3d 1324, 1328-29, 92 USPQ2d 1849, 1854 (Fed. Cir. 2009), the Federal Circuit held that mere repetition of a known procedure until success is achieved was merely the logical result of common sense application of the maxim "try, try again." (see MPEP 2143). Regarding the specifics of the instant claim(s), one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention would have found it obvious to engage in routine experimentation to discover the optimal parameters of the instant claim(s). See MPEP 2144.05(II)(A)("[W]here the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, it is not inventive to discover the optimum or workable ranges by routine experimentation")(citing In re Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456, 105 USPQ 233, 235 (CCCPA 1955)). Claim(s) 5 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Denison as applied to claim 1 above, in view of Matthews (US 20120245659 A1; 9/27/2012). Regarding claim 5, Denison does not teach wherein the nerve related to the pain is the sphenopalatine ganglion and the pain is headache pain. Note Denison does teach treating migraine headaches ([0092] “migraine headaches”) by treating cranial nerves ([0034]). However, Matthews teaches in the same field of endeavor (Abstract; Fig. 4) wherein the nerve related to the pain is the sphenopalatine ganglion and the pain is headache pain ([0047] “sphenopalatine ganglion (“SPG”; [0048] “migraine headaches”). Thus it would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the teaching of Denison to include this feature as taught by Matthews because this enables treating sphenopalatine ganglion with light to relieve headaches ([0047]-[0048]). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Jonathan T Kuo whose telephone number is (408)918-7534. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. PT. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Niketa Patel can be reached at 571-272-4156. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JONATHAN T KUO/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3792
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 16, 2023
Application Filed
Dec 08, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12599449
SURGICAL ROBOTIC SYSTEM WITH ORIENTATION SETUP DEVICE AND METHOD
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12582836
HEAD WEARABLE LIGHT THERAPY DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12582492
MICROROBOTS FOR NEUROSURGICAL APPLICATIONS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12576282
WEARABLE PHOTOTHERAPY DISPLAY DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12569283
SURGICAL DEPTH INSTRUMENT
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
73%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+27.4%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 457 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month