Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/557,076

An electrical circuit comprising a galvanic isolation between a High Voltage, HV, circuit part and a Low Voltage, LV, circuit part and having an increased creepage distance

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Oct 25, 2023
Examiner
CHEN, PATRICK C
Art Unit
2842
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Signify Holding B V
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
82%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 6m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 82% — above average
82%
Career Allow Rate
464 granted / 565 resolved
+14.1% vs TC avg
Moderate +10% lift
Without
With
+9.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
35 currently pending
Career history
600
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
42.2%
+2.2% vs TC avg
§102
33.8%
-6.2% vs TC avg
§112
19.5%
-20.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 565 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. In addressing the rejection ground, each claim may not have been separately discussed to the extent the claimed features are the same as or similar to the previously-discussed features; the previous discussion is construed to apply for the other claims in the same or similar way. In the office action, “/” should be read as and/or as generally understood. For example, “A/B” means A and B, or A or B. Claim Objections Claims 1-20 are objected to because of the following informalities: Claim 1 recites “with a primary terminal provided a surface of said substrate”. It should be recited as --with a primary terminal provided on a surface of said substrate--. Claims 2-12 and 20 are objected to based on the dependency from claim 1. Similarly, claims 13,14 and 17 recite “with a primary terminal provided a surface of said substrate”. It should be recited as --with a primary terminal provided on a surface of said substrate--. Claims 15-16 are objected to based on the dependency from claim 14. Claims 18-19 are objected to based on the dependency from claim 17. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-5, 8-10 and 13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jitaru et al. (US 2020/0211762) in view of Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4). Regarding claim 1, Jitaru discloses a switched mode power supply [e.g. fig. 6/8 (or the corresponding circuit in fig. 9/5/4] comprising an electrical circuit having a galvanic isolation [e.g. transformer] between a High Voltage (HV) circuit part [e.g. +HV circuit part connected to Vin] and a Low Voltage (LV) circuit part [e.g. the low circuit part connected to Vo], wherein said electrical circuit comprises: a substrate [e.g. PCB, see at least paras. 0013, 0015, 0035, 0083, 0110, 0112, 0123] providing said HV and said LV circuit part; an electrical component [e.g. transformer] for providing said galvanic isolation, said electrical component provided on said substrate and having a primary side connected, with a first primary terminal [e.g. the primary winding terminal] provided a surface of said substrate, to said HV circuit part and a secondary side connected, with a first secondary terminal [e.g. the secondary winding terminal], to said LV circuit part such that a creepage distance is provided over said substrate between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal; and a conductive trace [e.g. the trace connected to a coil e.g. 800/896/804 fig. 8] provided on the surface of said substrate, connected with a first end to a Low Frequency (LC) voltage node [e.g. grou9nd/the node near +HV/ M fig. 5A] in said HV circuit part, wherein a frequency of a voltage potential at said LF voltage node is lower than a frequency of a voltage potential at said first primary terminal [because the flyback switch/having the similar structure], and said conductive trace provided in between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal thereby increasing said creepage distance between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal [fig. 6B/8 show the conductive trace allow to increase the creepage distance between the primary winding and the secondary winding/having the similar structure]. Jitaru does not disclose a secondary terminal provided on the surface of said substrate. However, it’s well known to provide a first coil terminal provided on a surface of said substrate, a second coil terminal provided on the surface of said substrate and a conductive trace provided on the surface said substrate. For example, Brauchler/ Fouquet/Harvey discloses a first coil terminal [see a terminal of 322/312, 422/412 Brauchler; a terminal of 28/34 fig. 5 Fouquet/ 120a/120b Harvey] provided on a surface of a substrate [e.g. 350 fig. 3/450 fig. 4 Brauchler/the substrate that 110a, 110b is on, Harvey], a second coil terminal [see a terminal of 312/322, 412/422 Brauchler] provided on the surface of said substrate and a conductive trace [see para. 0066, ends of coil may be located on a same conductive layer Brauchler; 30/43/45/38 fig. 5 Fouquet/e.g. 104 Harvey] provided on the surface said substrate Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Brauchler/ Fouquet/Harvey regarding a coil in order to have end of coils located on a conductive layer. Regarding claim 2, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said Low Frequency (LF) voltage node is ground [see the fig. Jitaru]. Regarding claim 3, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrical component is a transformer [see the fig. Jitaru]. Regarding claim 4, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrical component is a transformer comprising a primary winding having said first primary terminal [e.g. the top/bottom terminal Jitaru] and having a second primary terminal [e.g. the bottom/top terminal], wherein said conductive trace is connected with said first end to said second primary terminal. Regarding claim 5, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said conductive trace is connected with a second end to the LF voltage node [see the fig. Jitaru]. Regarding claim 8, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said substrate is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) [Jitaru]. Regarding claim 9, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said conductive trace extends, in between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal, perpendicular to an imaginary direct line between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal [see at least fig. 6B/8 Jitaru]. Regarding claim 10, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrical circuit comprises a Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) [abstract Jitaru]. Regarding claim 13, the combination discussed above discloses a method of providing a switched mode power supply comprising an electrical circuit having a galvanic isolation between a High Voltage (HV) circuit part and a Low Voltage (LV) circuit part, wherein said method comprises: providing a substrate having said HV and said LV circuit part; assembling an electrical component for providing said galvanic isolation, on said substrate, said electrical component having a primary side connected, with a first primary terminal provided a surface of said substrate, to said HV circuit part and a secondary side connected, with a first secondary terminal provided on the surface of said substrate, to said LV circuit part such that a creepage distance is provided over said substrate between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal; and providing a conductive trace on the surface of said substrate, connected with a first end to a Low Frequency, LF, voltage node in said HV circuit part, wherein a frequency of a voltage potential at said LF voltage node is lower than a frequency of a voltage potential at said first primary terminal, and said conductive trace provided in between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal thereby increasing said creepage distance between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal. Please see rejection of claim 1. Claim 11 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jitaru et al. (US 2020/0211762) in view of Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4) and Udrea et al. (US 2020/0357909). Regarding claim 11, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 10, except wherein said SMPS uses Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology. However, it’s well known that Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology provide advantages of increased power density, reduced on-resistance, and/or high frequency response. For example, Udrea discloses Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology provide advantages of increased power density, reduced on-resistance, and/or high frequency response [para. 0012]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Udrea regarding Gallium Nitride (GaN) in order to provide advantages of increased power density, reduced on-resistance, and/or high frequency response [para. 0012] Claim 12 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jitaru et al. (US 2020/0211762) in view of Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4) and Kober et al. (US 2018/0249543). Regarding claim 12, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1. Jitaru does not disclose a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting based on the switched mode power supply (e.g. a flyback converter Jitaru). However, it’s well known a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting comprising a flyback converter. For example, Kober discloses a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting comprising a flyback converter [paras. 039, 0047]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Kober regarding a LED light source in order to provide a power supply to a LED light source. Claim 6 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jitaru et al. (US 2020/0211762) in view of Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4) and Schimed (US 2004/0113736). Regarding claim 6, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 1, except wherein said electrical component is any of a Surface-Mount Device (SMD) or a through-hole mounted device. However, it’s well-known to select Surface-Mount Device (SMD) or a through-hole mounted device mounting for an apparatus. For example, Schimed discloses to utilize Surface-Mount Device (SMD) or a through-hole mounted device mounting for a transformer apparatus [paras. 0002, 0017]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Schimed regarding an apparatus in order to utilize a well-known Surface-Mount Device (SMD) or a through-hole mounted device mounting. Claims 14-15 and 17-18 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jitaru et al. (US 2020/0211762) in view of Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4). Regarding claim 14, Jitaru discloses a switched mode power supply comprising an electrical circuit having a galvanic isolation between a High Voltage (HV) circuit part and a Low Voltage (LV) circuit part, wherein said electrical circuit comprises: a substrate providing said HV and said LV circuit part; a transformer for providing said galvanic isolation, said optocoupler provided on said substrate and having a primary side connected, with a first primary terminal provided a surface of said substrate, to said HV circuit part and a secondary side connected, with a first secondary terminal, to said LV circuit part such that a creepage distance is provided over said substrate between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal; and a conductive trace provided on the surface of said substrate, connected with a first end to a Low Frequency (LF) voltage node in said HV circuit part, wherein a frequency of a voltage potential at said LF voltage node is lower than a frequency of a voltage potential at said first primary terminal, and said conductive trace provided in between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal thereby increasing said creepage distance between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal. Please see rejection of claim 1. Jitaru does not explicitly disclose an optocoupler for providing said galvanic isolation. However, it’s notoriously well-known to utilize an optocoupler for providing galvanic isolation; official notice of the foregoing fact is taken. For example, Us20140269953 by Borisov et al. discloses utilize an optocoupler for providing galvanic isolation [para. 0012]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention utilize an optocoupler for providing galvanic isolation, because the circuit needs a specific implementation and the notoriously well-known use of an optocoupler provides such an implementation. The combination does not disclose a secondary terminal provided on the surface of said substrate. However, it’s well known to provide a first coil terminal provided on a surface of said substrate, a second coil terminal provided on the surface of said substrate and a conductive trace provided on the surface said substrate. For example, Brauchler/ Fouquet discloses a first coil terminal [see a terminal of 322/312, 422/412 Brauchler; fa terminal of 28/34 fig. 5 Fouquet] provided on a surface of a substrate [e.g. 350 fig. 3/450 fig. 4 Brauchler], a second coil terminal [see a terminal of 312/322, 412/422 Brauchler] provided on the surface of said substrate and a conductive trace [see para. 0066, ends of coil may be located on a same conductive layer Brauchler; 30/43/45/38 fig. 5 Fouquet] provided on the surface said substrate Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Brauchler/ Fouquet regarding a coil in order to have end of coils located on a conductive layer. Regarding claim 15, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 14, wherein said Low Frequency (LF) voltage node is ground. Please see rejection of claim 2. Regarding claim 17, Jitaru discloses a switched mode power supply comprising an electrical circuit having a galvanic isolation between a High Voltage (HV) circuit part and a Low Voltage (LV) circuit part, wherein said electrical circuit comprises: a substrate providing said HV and said LV circuit part; a transformer for providing said galvanic isolation, said capacitor provided on said substrate and having a primary side connected, with a first primary terminal provided a surface of said substrate, to said HV circuit part and a secondary side connected, with a first secondary terminal, to said LV circuit part such that a creepage distance is provided over said substrate between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal; and a conductive trace provided on the surface of said substrate, connected with a first end to a Low Frequency (LF) voltage node in said HV circuit part, wherein a frequency of a voltage potential at said LF voltage node is lower than a frequency of a voltage potential at said first primary terminal, and said conductive trace provided in between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal thereby increasing said creepage distance between said first primary terminal and said first secondary terminal. Please see rejection of claim 1. Jitaru does not explicitly disclose a capacitor for providing said galvanic isolation. However, it’s notoriously well-known to utilize a capacitor for providing galvanic isolation; official notice of the foregoing fact is taken. For example, US 20140269953 by Borisov et al. discloses utilize a capacitor for providing galvanic isolation [para. 0012]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention utilize a capacitor for providing galvanic isolation, because the circuit needs a specific implementation and the notoriously well-known use of a capacitor provides such an implementation. The combination does not disclose a secondary terminal provided on the surface of said substrate. However, it’s well known to provide a first coil terminal provided on a surface of said substrate, a second coil terminal provided on the surface of said substrate and a conductive trace provided on the surface said substrate. For example, Brauchler/ Fouquet discloses a first coil terminal [see a terminal of 322/312, 422/412 Brauchler; fa terminal of 28/34 fig. 5 Fouquet] provided on a surface of a substrate [e.g. 350 fig. 3/450 fig. 4 Brauchler], a second coil terminal [see a terminal of 312/322, 412/422 Brauchler] provided on the surface of said substrate and a conductive trace [see para. 0066, ends of coil may be located on a same conductive layer Brauchler; 30/43/45/38 fig. 5 Fouquet] provided on the surface said substrate Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Brauchler/ Fouquet regarding a coil in order to have end of coils located on a conductive layer. Regarding claim 18, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 17, wherein said Low Frequency (LF) voltage node is ground. Please see rejection of claim 2. Claims 16 and 19 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jitaru et al. (US 2020/0211762) in view of Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4) and Kober et al. (US 2018/0249543). Regarding claim 16, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 14. the combination does not disclose a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting based on the switched mode power supply (e.g. a flyback converter Jitaru). However, it’s well known a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting comprising a flyback converter. For example, Kober discloses a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting comprising a flyback converter [paras. 039, 0047]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Kober regarding a LED light source in order to provide a power supply to a LED light source. Please see also rejection of claim 12. Regarding claim 19, the combination discussed above discloses the switched mode power supply in accordance with claim 17. the combination does not disclose a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting based on the switched mode power supply (e.g. a flyback converter Jitaru). However, it’s well known a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting comprising a flyback converter. For example, Kober discloses a Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lighting comprising a flyback converter [paras. 039, 0047]. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the device disclosed by Jitaru in accordance with the teaching of Kober regarding a LED light source in order to provide a power supply to a LED light source. Please see also rejection of claim 12. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 7 and 20 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1-20 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection rely on a new reference, Brauchler et al. (US 2015/0171934) (or Fouquet et al. US 8,093,983; or Harvey US 7,468,547 figs, 1, 4), which was not applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to PATRICK C CHEN whose telephone number is (571)270-7207. The examiner can normally be reached M-F Flexible 8:00-16:30. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Regis Betsch can be reached at 571-270-7201. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /PATRICK C CHEN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2842
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 25, 2023
Application Filed
May 02, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Jul 31, 2025
Response Filed
Nov 17, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Jan 13, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Jan 13, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary
Jan 15, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 19, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Feb 26, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 14, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12603640
TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORKS FOR QUBITS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12593222
CENTRAL ENTITY UPDATE OF CONFIGURABLE RECEIVER FRONT END MODULE BETWEEN STATIC MODES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12592365
PLASMA GENERATING APPARATUS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12592367
PLASMA PROCESSING APPARATUS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF WAFER STAGE FOR PLASMA PROCESSING APPARATUS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12586760
PLASMA PROCESSING APPARATUS AND PLASMA PROCESSING METHOD
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
82%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+9.7%)
2y 6m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 565 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month