Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/557,612

ALKYLSULFENYL THIOCARBONATES: PRECURSORS TO HYDROPERSULFIDES POTENTLY ATTENUATE OXIDATIVE STRESS

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Oct 27, 2023
Examiner
ANDERSON, REBECCA L
Art Unit
1626
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
The Johns Hopkins University
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
73%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 73% — above average
73%
Career Allow Rate
749 granted / 1022 resolved
+13.3% vs TC avg
Strong +24% interview lift
Without
With
+24.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
44 currently pending
Career history
1066
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.6%
-39.4% vs TC avg
§103
17.0%
-23.0% vs TC avg
§102
25.0%
-15.0% vs TC avg
§112
31.8%
-8.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1022 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Claims 1-28 are currently pending in the instant application. Claims 20, 24, and 28 are rejected. Claims 1-19, 21-23, and 25-27 are allowable. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Specification The disclosure is objected to because of the following informalities: The Preliminary Amendment filed 27 October 2023 is objected to under 35 U.S.C. 132(a) because it introduces new matter into the disclosure. 35 U.S.C. 132(a) states that no amendment shall introduce new matter into the disclosure of the invention. The added material which is not supported by the original disclosure is as follows: “the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.” MPEP 211.02 and MPEP 201.06(c)(IV) state the following in regard to “Incorporation by Reference” and PCT Rule 20.6, Rule 20.7 and Rule 4.18 are directed specifically to International applications: MPEP 211.02, in-part For applications filed on or after September 21, 2004, a claim under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) or 120 and 37 CFR 1.78 for benefit of a prior-filed provisional application, nonprovisional application, international application designating the United States, or international design application designating the United States that was present on the filing date of the continuation or divisional application, or the nonprovisional application claiming benefit of a prior-filed provisional application, is considered an incorporation by reference of the prior-filed application as to inadvertently omitted material, subject to the conditions and requirements of 37 CFR 1.57(b). The purpose of 37 CFR 1.57(b) is to provide a safeguard for applicants when all or a portion of the specification and/or drawing(s) is (are) inadvertently omitted from an application. See MPEP § 201.06 and 217. However, applicants are encouraged to provide in the specification an explicit incorporation by reference statement to the prior-filed application(s) for which benefit is claimed under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) or 120 if applicants do not wish the incorporation by reference to be limited to inadvertently omitted material pursuant to 37 CFR 1.57(b). See 37 CFR 1.57(c). See also MPEP §§ 217 and MPEP § 608.01(p). When a benefit claim is submitted after the filing of an application, and the later-filed application as filed did not incorporate the prior-filed application by reference, applicant cannot add an incorporation by reference statement of the prior application. An incorporation by reference statement added after an application’s filing date is not effective because no new matter can be added to an application after its filing date (see 35 U.S.C. 132(a)). See Dart Indus. v. Banner, 636 F.2d 684, 207 USPQ 273 (C.A.D.C. 1980). See also 37 CFR 1.57(b). MPEP 201.06(c)(IV), in-part 201.06(c) 37 CFR 1.53(b) and 37 CFR 1.63(d) Divisional-Continuation Procedure [R-07.2015] IV. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE An applicant may incorporate by reference the prior application by including, in the continuing application-as-filed, an explicit statement that such specifically enumerated prior application or applications are “hereby incorporated by reference.” The statement must appear in the specification. See 37 CFR 1.57(c) and MPEP § 608.01(p). The inclusion of this incorporation by reference statement will permit an applicant to amend the continuing application to include subject matter from the prior application(s), without the need for a petition provided the continuing application is entitled to a filing date notwithstanding the incorporation by reference. For applications filed prior to September 21, 2004, the incorporation by reference statement may appear in the transmittal letter or in the specification. Note that for applications filed prior to September 21, 2004, if applicants used a former version of the transmittal letter form provided by the USPTO, the incorporation by reference statement could only be relied upon to add inadvertently omitted material to the continuation or divisional application. An incorporation by reference statement added after an application’s filing date is not effective because no new matter can be added to an application after its filing date (see 35 U.S.C. 132(a)). If an incorporation by reference statement is included in an amendment to the specification to add a benefit claim under 35 U.S.C. 120 after the filing date of the application, the amendment would not be proper. When a benefit claim under 35 U.S.C. 120 is submitted after the filing of an application, the reference to the prior application cannot include an incorporation by reference statement of the prior application. See Dart Indus. v. Banner, 636 F.2d 684, 207 USPQ 273 (C.A.D.C. 1980). 20.6 Confirmation of Incorporation by Reference of Elements and Parts (a) The applicant may submit to the receiving Office, within the applicable time limit under Rule 20.7 , a written notice confirming that an element or part is incorporated by reference in the international application under Rule 4.18 , accompanied by: (i) a sheet or sheets embodying the entire element as contained in the earlier application or embodying the part concerned; (ii) where the applicant has not already complied with Rule 17.1(a) , (b) or (b-bis) in relation to the priority document, a copy of the earlier application as filed; (iii) where the earlier application is not in the language in which the international application is filed, a translation of the earlier application into that language or, where a translation of the international application is required under Rule 12.3(a) or 12.4(a) , a translation of the earlier application into both the language in which the international application is filed and the language of that translation; and (iv) in the case of a part of the description, claims or drawings, an indication as to where that part is contained in the earlier application and, where applicable, in any translation referred to in item (iii). (b) Where the receiving Office finds that the requirements of Rule 4.18 and paragraph (a) have been complied with and that the element or part referred to in paragraph (a) is completely contained in the earlier application concerned, that element or part shall be considered to have been contained in the purported international application on the date on which one or more elements referred to in Article 11(1)(iii) were first received by the receiving Office. (c) Where the receiving Office finds that a requirement under Rule 4.18 or paragraph (a) has not been complied with or that the element or part referred to in paragraph (a) is not completely contained in the earlier application concerned, the receiving Office shall proceed as provided for in Rule 20.3(b)(i) , 20.5(b) , 20.5(c) , 20.5bis(b) or 20.5bis(c) , as the case may be. 20.7 Time Limit (a) The applicable time limit referred to in Rules 20.3(a) and (b) , 20.4 , 20.5(a) , (b) and (c) , 20.5bis(a) , (b) and (c) , and 20.6(a) shall be: (i) where an invitation under Rule 20.3(a) , 20.5(a) or 20.5bis(a) , as applicable, was sent to the applicant, two months from the date of the invitation; (ii) where no such invitation was sent to the applicant, two months from the date on which one or more elements referred to in Article 11(1)(iii) were first received by the receiving Office. (b) Where neither a correction under Article 11(2) nor a notice under Rule 20.6(a) confirming the incorporation by reference of an element referred to in Article 11(1)(iii)(d) or (e) is received by the receiving Office prior to the expiration of the applicable time limit under paragraph (a), any such correction or notice received by that Office after the expiration of that time limit but before it sends a notification to the applicant under Rule 20.4(i) shall be considered to have been received within that time limit. 4.18 Statement of Incorporation by Reference Where the international application, on the date on which one or more elements referred to in Article 11(1)(iii) were first received by the receiving Office, claims the priority of an earlier application, the request may contain a statement that, where an element of the international application referred to in Article 11(1)(iii)(d) or (e) , or a part of the description, claims or drawings referred to in Rule 20.5(a) , or an element or part of the description, claims or drawings referred to in Rule 20.5bis(a) is not otherwise contained in the international application but is completely contained in the earlier application, that element or part is, subject to confirmation under Rule 20.6 , incorporated by reference in the international application for the purposes of Rule 20.6 . Such a statement, if not contained in the request on that date, may be added to the request if, and only if, it was otherwise contained in, or submitted with, the international application on that date. The instant application is a 371 application which has an International filing date of 29 April 2022. The incorporation by reference statement is being added by way of a Preliminary Amendment filed 27 October 2023, which is after the instant application's International filing date of 29 April 2022. Therefore, the “incorporation by reference” statement being added to the instant specification by way of the Preliminary Amendment is deemed new matter. Applicant is required to cancel the new matter in the reply to this Office Action. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 1-19, 21-23, and 25-27 are allowed. The closest prior art of record is BALDWIN et al, (IDS filed 10/27/2023 NPL Cite No. 12). BALDWIN et al. provides the compound on page 201, scheme 2: PNG media_image1.png 122 680 media_image1.png Greyscale which corresponds to applicant’s formula (I): PNG media_image2.png 104 278 media_image2.png Greyscale wherein n is 0; R3 and R4 are each H; and R1 is: PNG media_image3.png 68 116 media_image3.png Greyscale wherein X is NH and R5 and R6 are each substituted C1-C4alkyl, however, the position equivalent to applicant’s R2 is alkyl (Me) instead of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. There is no direction or motivation to modify the prior art Me to a substituted or unsubstituted aryl. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claim 24 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 24 recites the limitation “wherein the one or more anthracyclines are selected from” in reference to claim 21 which is: PNG media_image4.png 96 670 media_image4.png Greyscale . There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim as there is no “one or more anthracyclines” in claim 21. Claim 22 is: PNG media_image5.png 68 644 media_image5.png Greyscale . It is suggested that claim 24 be amended to be dependent upon claim 22. Claim 28 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 28 is: PNG media_image6.png 92 626 media_image6.png Greyscale . There is no formula (I) description in claim 28 which renders the claim indefinite as it is unclear what formula (I) is being claimed as no structure is provided. It is suggested that claim 28 be amended to be dependent upon claim 1, such as: A method for treating COVID-19, the method comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) of claim 1. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(d): (d) REFERENCE IN DEPENDENT FORMS.—Subject to subsection (e), a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers. The following is a quotation of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, fourth paragraph: Subject to the following paragraph [i.e., the fifth paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112], a claim in dependent form shall contain a reference to a claim previously set forth and then specify a further limitation of the subject matter claimed. A claim in dependent form shall be construed to incorporate by reference all the limitations of the claim to which it refers. Claim 20 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(d) or pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, 4th paragraph, as being of improper dependent form for failing to further limit the subject matter of the claim upon which it depends, or for failing to include all the limitations of the claim upon which it depends. Claim 20 is: PNG media_image7.png 68 656 media_image7.png Greyscale . Claim 20 is dependent upon claim 19 which is: PNG media_image8.png 104 696 media_image8.png Greyscale . Claim 19 limits the diseases to Friedreich’s Ataxia, sideroblastic anemia or myopathy. Claim 20 states that the disease “comprises” Friedreich’s Ataxia, which is broader than claim 19 from which it depends which states the disease “is” Friedreich’s Ataxia, sideroblastic anemia or myopathy Applicant may cancel the claim(s), amend the claim(s) to place the claim(s) in proper dependent form, rewrite the claim(s) in independent form, or present a sufficient showing that the dependent claim(s) complies with the statutory requirements. It is suggested that claim 20 be amended to read: The method of claim 19, wherein the disorder, disease, or condition associated with impaired Fe-S cluster biosynthesis is Friedreich’s Ataxia. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to REBECCA L ANDERSON whose telephone number is (571)272-0696. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday from 6am-2pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Andrew Kosar can be reached at 571-272-0913. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /REBECCA L ANDERSON/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1626 ____________________ 8 January 2026 Rebecca Anderson Primary Examiner Art Unit 1626, Group 1620 Technology Center 1600
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Prosecution Timeline

Oct 27, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 08, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
73%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+24.0%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1022 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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