Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/587,232

Three-Dimensional-Flux Electric Motor And Method For Making Thereof

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Feb 26, 2024
Examiner
VO, ETHAN NGUYEN
Art Unit
2834
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Persimmon Technologies Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 6m
To Grant
93%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
25 granted / 36 resolved
+1.4% vs TC avg
Strong +23% interview lift
Without
With
+23.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
69
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
62.2%
+22.2% vs TC avg
§102
26.5%
-13.5% vs TC avg
§112
11.3%
-28.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 36 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election of Group I, claims 1-12, in the reply filed on 12/31/25 is acknowledged. Because applicant did not distinctly and specifically point out the supposed errors in the restriction requirement, the election has been treated as an election without traverse (MPEP § 818.01(a)). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. Claim 1 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek (CN 116913637), and in view of Keum (US 20230318369), Eydelie (US 6967554), and Hosek2016 (US 20160197523). As to claim 1, Hosek discloses a method of making a stator, comprising: providing a yoke, wherein the yoke comprises a spray-formed yoke (“The exemplary stator core 140 of Figs. 8A and 8B may be generated, for example, by axially accumulating the material of the stator core, i.e., by material deposition (spray forming) in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the motor”, “For example, in order to create a direction-dependent and position-dependent microstructure as shown in Figure 9A, the stator core 180 may be rotated, the material may be deposited radially at a fixed position, and two sets of process parameters may be used. First, when forming the inner portion of the stator core 180 corresponding to the tooth portion 183, the process parameters may be set to produce a substantially isotropic microstructure. Then, when forming the outer portion of the stator core 180 corresponding to the yoke portion 181, the process parameters are set to produce the desired anisotropic microstructure. In this case, the process parameters can be switched according to the radial accumulation of the deposited material”); providing a tooth ring, wherein the tooth ring comprises a spray-formed tooth ring (“For example, in order to create a direction-dependent and position-dependent microstructure as shown in Figure 9A, the stator core 180 may be rotated, the material may be deposited radially at a fixed position, and two sets of process parameters may be used. First, when forming the inner portion of the stator core 180 corresponding to the tooth portion 183, the process parameters may be set to produce a substantially isotropic microstructure. Then, when forming the outer portion of the stator core 180 corresponding to the yoke portion 181, the process parameters are set to produce the desired anisotropic microstructure. In this case, the process parameters can be switched according to the radial accumulation of the deposited material”. Hosek fails to disclose separating portions of the tooth ring to form a plurality of teeth; arranging the separated teeth in a circular pattern, wherein each separated tooth is spaced from an adjacent tooth; inserting a coil over each separated tooth, wherein the coil comprises two lead wires extending from a same face of each coil; locating the yoke onto the plurality of teeth; placing a housing onto the yoke; and connecting the coils to each other at the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil. Kuem, however, discloses separating portions of the tooth ring to form a plurality of teeth; arranging the separated teeth in a circular pattern (Fig. 2), wherein each separated tooth is spaced from an adjacent tooth (Fig. 2). PNG media_image1.png 585 424 media_image1.png Greyscale Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with separating portions of the tooth ring to form a plurality of teeth; arranging the separated teeth in a circular pattern, wherein each separated tooth is spaced from an adjacent tooth, as disclosed by Kuem, in order to accommodate spacing for the coils. Eydelie, however, discloses inserting a coil over each separated tooth (Fig. 9), wherein the coil comprises two lead wires extending from a same face of each coil (Fig. 8); and connecting the coils to each other at the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil (Fig. 9). PNG media_image2.png 272 472 media_image2.png Greyscale PNG media_image3.png 356 427 media_image3.png Greyscale Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with a coil over each separated tooth, wherein the coil comprises two lead wires extending from a same face of each coil; and connecting the coils to each other at the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil, as disclosed by Eydelie, to establish a point of connection for the coils. Hosek2016 discloses placing a housing onto the yoke (Para 0009). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with placing a housing onto the yoke, as disclosed by Hosek2016, in order to protect the motor by providing a casing. Claims 2-3 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and in view of Dirk (EP 4203253). As to claim 2, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1. Hosek fails to disclose wherein each tooth of the plurality of teeth is wrapped with an electrical insulation tape. Dirk, however, discloses wherein each tooth of the plurality of teeth is wrapped with an electrical insulation tape (In embodiments, the non-ferromagnetic cooling fins are separated from the tooth-coil-elements by an electrical insulator, e.g., a, insulating tape such as nomex.sup.® tape or Kapton" tape (a polyimide film)”) Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with each tooth of the plurality of teeth is wrapped with an electrical insulation tape, as disclosed by Dirk, to provide proper insulation of the coils. As to claim 3, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and Dirk, discloses the method of claim 2, further comprising coating each tooth wrapped with the electrical insulation tape with epoxy (Dirk: “In embodiments, a resin, such as epoxy resin, may fill gaps between the non-ferromagnetic cooling fins and the tooth-coil-elements and provide good thermal conductivity from the tooth-coil-elements to the non-ferromagnetic cooling fins”). Claims 4-6 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and in view of Yao (DE 102020100528). As to claim 4, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1. Hosek fails to disclose wherein arranging the separated teeth in the circular pattern comprises arranging the separated teeth on a locating fixture plate. Yao, however, discloses wherein arranging the separated teeth in the circular pattern comprises arranging the separated teeth on a locating fixture plate (136; Fig. 3). PNG media_image4.png 392 442 media_image4.png Greyscale Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with arranging the separated teeth in the circular pattern comprises arranging the separated teeth on a locating fixture plate, as disclosed by Yao, in order to better secure the teeth into their position. As to claim 5, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and Yao discloses the method of claim 4, wherein features on the locating fixture plate are accommodated between adjacently positioned teeth to align the separated teeth (136; Fig. 3). PNG media_image4.png 392 442 media_image4.png Greyscale As to claim 6, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1, and the housing. Hosek fails to disclose wherein placing the housing onto the yoke comprises orienting the yoke into the housing relative to locating features on the yoke. Yao, however, discloses placing the housing onto the yoke comprises orienting the yoke into the housing relative to locating features on the yoke (160 and 130; Fig. 3). PNG media_image4.png 392 442 media_image4.png Greyscale Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with wherein placing the housing onto the yoke comprises orienting the yoke into the housing relative to locating features on the yoke, as disclosed by Yao, to better secure the components of the motor to the housing. Claim 7 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and in view of Ikeda (US 20180248432). As to claim 7, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1, and the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil. Hosek fails to disclose wherein connecting the coils to each other at the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil comprises connecting the coils in a wye or delta configuration and a series or parallel configuration. Ikeda, however, discloses wherein connecting the coils to each other at the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil comprises connecting the coils in a delta configuration and a parallel configuration (Para 0115). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with wherein connecting the coils to each other at the two lead wires extending from the same face of each coil comprises connecting the coils in a delta configuration and a parallel configuration, as disclosed by Ikeda, to properly secure a connection for the coils. Claim 8 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, Ikeda and in view of Onihashi (US 20240063666). As to claim 8, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and Ikeda discloses the method of claim 7, wherein connecting the coils comprises routing interconnecting wires of the coils. Hosek fails to disclose wherein connecting the coils comprises routing interconnecting wires of the coils along a periphery of the yoke in a ring-shaped volume defined by an outer surface of the yoke, surfaces of the coils, and the housing. Onihasi, however, discloses wherein connecting the coils comprises routing interconnecting wires of the coils along a periphery of the yoke in a ring-shaped volume defined by an outer surface of the yoke, surfaces of the coils, and the housing (Fig. 12) PNG media_image5.png 426 395 media_image5.png Greyscale Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with wherein connecting the coils comprises routing interconnecting wires of the coils along a periphery of the yoke in a ring-shaped volume defined by an outer surface of the yoke, surfaces of the coils, and the housing, as disclosed by Onihashi, to simplify routing the wire connection of the coils. Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and in view of Arai (JP 20100252508). As to claim 9, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1. Hosek fails to disclose further comprising placing a temperature sensing device between adjacently positioned coils. Arai, however, discloses further comprising placing a temperature sensing device (28; Fig. 3) between adjacently positioned coils. PNG media_image6.png 441 526 media_image6.png Greyscale Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with placing a temperature sensing device between adjacently positioned coils, as disclosed by Arai, to monitor the temperature between coils during operation. Claim 10 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, Arai and in view of Wissmiller (US 2583524). As to claim 10, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and Arai discloses the method of claim 9. Hosek fails to disclose wherein the temperature sensing device is a thermistor bulb. Wissmiller, however, discloses wherein the temperature sensing device is a thermistor bulb (Col 3, lines 67-75). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with wherein the temperature sensing device is a thermistor bulb, as disclosed by Wissmiller, for optimized temperature sensitive readings. Claim 11 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and in view of Johnson (CN 110459376). As to claim 11, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1, and the spray-formed yoke and the spray-formed tooth ring. Hosek fails to disclose spray-formed in near-net shape manners. Johnson, however, discloses spray-formed in near-net shape manners (“Such process can also be referred to as "rapid manufacturing process". additive manufacturing process by sequentially and repeatedly depositing and bonding material layer to create a net or near net shape forming structure”). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with spray-formed in near-net shape manners, as disclosed by Johnson, to reduce the amount of traditional mechanical fine processing techniques. Claim 12 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, Hosek2016, and in view of Yao476 (US 20230275476). As to claim 12, the combination of Hosek, Keum, Eydelie, and Hosek2016 discloses the method of claim 1. Hosek fails to disclose using a magnet to create an attractive force on the yoke to force the yoke to make contact with the teeth. Yao476, however, discloses using a magnet (112; Fig. 1) to create an attractive force on the yoke to force the yoke to make contact with the teeth (Fig. 1). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the method of Hosek with using a magnet to create an attractive force on the yoke to force the yoke to make contact with the teeth, as disclosed by Yao476, to simplify construction of the stator and reduce size of the stator. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ETHAN N VO whose telephone number is (571)270-7593. The examiner can normally be reached Mon-Fri 8:30am - 5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Christopher M Koehler can be reached on 571 272 3560. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ETHAN NGUYEN VO/ Examiner, Art Unit 2834 /CHRISTOPHER M KOEHLER/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2834
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 26, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 18, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
93%
With Interview (+23.2%)
2y 6m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
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