Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/588,556

Electrical Power System for Earthmoving Machine

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Feb 27, 2024
Examiner
ANWARI, MACEEH
Art Unit
3663
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Caterpillar Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
81%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 4m
To Grant
86%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 81% — above average
81%
Career Allow Rate
659 granted / 813 resolved
+29.1% vs TC avg
Moderate +5% lift
Without
With
+5.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 4m
Avg Prosecution
38 currently pending
Career history
851
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
15.7%
-24.3% vs TC avg
§103
40.2%
+0.2% vs TC avg
§102
27.3%
-12.7% vs TC avg
§112
15.2%
-24.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 813 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . DETAILED ACTION This action is in response to communications filed on 2/27/2024. Accordingly, claims 1-20 are pending. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1- 20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Kawaguchi et al. (JP2002359935A) in view of Min et al (KR20230138330A). As per claim 1, Kawaguchi discloses: an earthmoving machine comprising (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9): a machine frame supported on a plurality of traction/propulsion devices contacting a terrain surface (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9); a traction motor operable to drive the plurality of traction/propulsion devices (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9); a tool linkage attached and movable with respect to the machine frame and coupled to a work tool for engaging the terrain surface (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9; boom and arm); a hydraulic system including a hydraulic pump for fluidly communicating hydraulic fluid to one or more hydraulic actuators associated with the tool linkage (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9; boom pump, arm pump, boom cylinder, arm cylinder); a primary power source electrically connect to provide electrical power to the traction motor (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9; generator, electric motors); an auxiliary power source electrically connected to the hydraulic system to provide supplemental power to the hydraulic pump (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9; battery as a power storage unit to each motor, boom pump and arm pump); and an electronic controller configured to conduct a work cycle by moving the tool linkage and the work tool, the work cycle characterized by a high load condition and a low load condition (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-14, 18-19 & 37; excavating and loading work machine). Kawaguchi discloses the invention as detailed above. However, Kawaguchi does not appear to explicitly disclose the electronic controller further configured to convert a total required recharging power for recharging the auxiliary power source into a recharging power control setting applied during the low load condition and to direct electrical recharging power to the auxiliary power source in accordance with the recharging power control setting. Nevertheless, Min—who is in the same field of endeavor--discloses the electronic controller further configured to convert a total required recharging power for recharging the auxiliary power source into a recharging power control setting applied during the low load condition and to direct electrical recharging power to the auxiliary power source in accordance with the recharging power control setting (see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 6; charging rate can be higher and/or lower, lower charging rate than the standard charging rate). One of ordinary skill in the art, prior to the effective filing rate of the given invention would have been motivated to combine Min’s charging rate with those of Kawaguchi’s charging/discharging control device in order to form an overall more efficient system (i.e., by generating engine power through efficient battery charging methods—see Min at least Background-Art). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min not only comes from knowledge well known in the art but also from Min (see at least Background-Art). Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 2: wherein the recharging power control setting is determined based on cycle segment times associated with the work cycle (see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6; charging section based on temperature of battery pack). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 3: wherein the recharging power control settings includes a plurality of recharging power shares determined inversely to a corresponding segment power load (see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6; charging sections CC3-CC7). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 4: wherein the plurality of recharging power shares include at least one recharging power share corresponding to a peak recharging level and at least one recharging power share corresponding to an intermediate recharging level (see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6; charging sections CC3-CC7). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 5: wherein the total required recharging power is set to correspond with the supplemental power provided from the auxiliary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; power storage unit/battery 33 and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 6: wherein the supplemental power provided to the auxiliary power source is measured by an auxiliary power sensors associated with the auxiliary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; remaining amount detector and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 7: wherein the supplemental power provided to the auxiliary power source is estimated based on power consumption of the work cycle (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; Load Lp hydraulic excavator 11, and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 8: herein the total required recharging power is determined to maintain a target charge level of the auxiliary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; power storage unit/battery 33, and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 9: wherein the auxiliary power source is a capacitor (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; capacitor/power storage unit have both battery and capacitor; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 10: further comprising a current regulator electrically connected with the auxiliary power source to control the plurality of recharging power shares directed to the auxiliary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 11: wherein the auxiliary power source and the current regulator are part of an auxiliary circuit which is arranged in parallel with a primary circuit including the primary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 12: A method of operating an earthmoving machine comprising: conducting a work cycle with the earthmoving machine that is characterized by a high load condition and a low load condition (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37); determining a total required recharging power for recharging an auxiliary power source selectively connected with a primary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37); converting the total required recharging power to a recharging power control setting corresponding to the low load condition; and recharging the auxiliary power source in accordance with recharging power control setting (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 13: wherein the recharging power control setting includes a plurality of recharging power shares allocated over the low load condition (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 14: wherein the plurality of recharging power shares are determined inversely to a corresponding segment power load associated with the work cycle (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 15: wherein the recharging power control setting is determined based on cycle segment times associated with the work cycle (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 16: wherein the step of determining the total required recharging power includes measuring a supplemental power actually discharged from the auxiliary power source during the high load condition (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 17: wherein the step of determining the total required recharging power includes estimating a supplement power to be discharged from the auxiliary power source during the high load condition (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 18: wherein the step of determining the total required recharging power includes maintain a target charge level of the auxiliary power source (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 19: wherein the work cycle includes a dig-stroke segment, a loaded swing segment, a dump segment, and an empty stroke segment (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Both Kawaguchi and Min disclose claim 20: A computer-implemented control system for recharging an auxiliary power source on an earthmoving machine comprising (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37): a recharge determination routine/module configured to determine total required recharging power for recharging the auxiliary power source after discharging supplemental power during a high load condition of a work cycle; and an allocation routine/module to convert the total required recharging power into a recharging power control setting to be applied during a low load condition of the work cycle (see Kawaguchi at least fig. 1-9 in particular fig. 1, 7- 9 and ¶13-19 & 37; and see Min at least fig. 1-7 and in particular fig. 4 & 6). Motivation to combine Kawaguchi with Min, in the instant claim is the same as that in claim 1 above. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MACEEH ANWARI whose telephone number is 571-272-7591. The examiner can normally be reached on 9-9:30. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Angela Ortiz can be reached on 571-272-1206. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. MACEEH . ANWARI Primary Examiner Art Unit 3663 /MACEEH ANWARI/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3663
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Prosecution Timeline

Feb 27, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 04, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
81%
Grant Probability
86%
With Interview (+5.1%)
3y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 813 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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