Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/946,366

INTERACTIVE CONTENT WHEN THE SECONDARY CONTENT IS SERVER STITCHED

Non-Final OA §103§112
Filed
Nov 13, 2024
Examiner
ALAM, MUSHFIKH I
Art Unit
2426
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Roku Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
58%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 9m
To Grant
96%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 58% of resolved cases
58%
Career Allow Rate
295 granted / 509 resolved
At TC average
Strong +38% interview lift
Without
With
+38.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 9m
Avg Prosecution
32 currently pending
Career history
541
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
3.0%
-37.0% vs TC avg
§103
68.4%
+28.4% vs TC avg
§102
13.1%
-26.9% vs TC avg
§112
4.5%
-35.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 509 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §112
DETAILED ACTION Claims 1-20 are pending. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 1, 8, 15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the enablement requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to enable one skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and/or use the invention. The claimed limitations recite “non-streaming content selections via the interactive pop-up. This is believed to be an error and should recite” “streaming content via the interactive pop-up overlay”, “streaming content from the second content provider”, and “streaming content responsive to the user selection of streaming content from the second content provider”. The limitations are reproduced below to highlight the error. receiving, responsive to displaying the interactive pop-up overlay, a user selection of the non-streaming content via the interactive pop-up overlay; transmitting, while the non-streaming content is displayed by the display device, a request for the user selection of the non-streaming content from the second content provider; and transitioning display of the non-streaming content on the display device to the user selection of the non-streaming content responsive to receiving the user selection of the non-streaming content from the second content provider. The claims are interpreted and rejected with the above correction in mind. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-2, 4-9, 11-17, 19-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mandrekar et al. (US 2012/0311633) in view of Greene (US 2016/0150228), and further in view of Christie et al. (US 2020/0084488). Claim 1, Mandrekar teaches a method, by at least one computer processor, for incorporating streaming content into non-streaming content presented by a media device, the method comprising: monitoring playback of the non-streaming content (i.e. cable television) being accessed by the media device (i.e. display), wherein the non-streaming content is provided by a first content provider (i.e. cable TV provider) to the media device, and wherein the non-streaming content is being provided by the media device for display on a display device (p. 0022); generating, while the non-streaming content is displayed by the display device, a fingerprint of the non-streaming content (i.e. content attributes) (p. 0054); “identifying a plurality of streaming content based at least in part on the fingerprint (i.e. recommendations related to currently tuned program), wherein the plurality of streaming content comprises a related streaming version (i.e. recommendation) of the non-streaming content, wherein the plurality of streaming content is provided by a second content provider different from the first content provider” (i.e. internet provider) (p. 0054-0056). Mandrekar is silent regarding the specific features of: “wherein the plurality of streaming content comprises at least one of a streaming version of the non-streaming content”; generating an interactive pop-up overlay based on the plurality of streaming content; displaying the interactive pop-up overlay while the non-streaming content is displayed by the display device; receiving, responsive to displaying the interactive pop-up overlay, a user selection of the non-streaming content via the interactive pop-up overlay; transmitting, while the non-streaming content is displayed by the display device, a request for the user selection of the non-streaming content from the second content provider; and transitioning display of the non-streaming content on the display device to the user selection of the non-streaming content responsive to receiving the user selection of the non-streaming content from the second content provider. Greene teaches the specific feature of: “wherein the plurality of streaming content comprises at least one of a streaming version of the non-streaming content (i.e. alternative video sources for the same program) (p. 0015). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the present invention to have provided alternate sources of content as taught by Greene to the system of Manrekar to provide adjustments to video quality (p. 0015). Christie teaches the specific feature of: generating an interactive pop-up overlay based on the plurality of streaming content (fig. 17); displaying the interactive pop-up overlay while the non-streaming content (1700) is displayed by the display device (fig. 17); receiving, responsive to displaying the interactive pop-up overlay (i.e. selecting mad men), a user selection of the streaming content via the interactive pop-up overlay (fig. 17; p. 0071-0074); transmitting, while the non-streaming content (1700) is displayed by the display device, a request for the user selection of the streaming content (i.e. selecting mad men) from the second content provider (i.e. internet provider) (fig. 17; p. 0048-0049, 0071-0074); and transitioning display of the non-streaming content (1700) on the display device to the user selection of the streaming content (i.e. mad men) responsive to receiving the user selection of the streaming content from the second content provider (i.e. internet provider (figs. 17-18; p. 0048-0049, 0071-0074). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the present invention to have provided pop up overlays as taught by Christie to the system of Mandrekar to provide recommendation to a user during content presentation (p. 0071). Claim 2, Mandrekar teaches the method of claim 1, wherein the non-streaming content is accessed by the media device through an antenna or cable connected to the media device (i.e. cable TV set top box) (p. 0022). Claim 4, Mandrekar teaches the method of claim 1, wherein the non-streaming content is associated with episodic content, wherein the episodic content comprises a first content episode and a second content episode, and wherein the non-streaming content comprises the first content episode (p. 0033). Claim 5, Mandrekar teaches the method of claim 4, wherein the streaming content comprises the second content episode (i.e. related recommended content from external sources) (p. 0025, 0054). Claim 6, Mandrekar teaches the method of claim 4, wherein the episodic content further comprises a streaming version of the first content episode (i.e. episode content from external sources including the Internet), and wherein the streaming content comprises the streaming version of the first content episode (p. 0024, 0054). Claim 7, Mandrekar teaches the method of claim 1, wherein generating the fingerprint is based on a determination that the non-streaming content is displayed on the display device for a predetermined duration of time (i.e. remains tuned) (p. 0031). Claim 8 is analyzed and interpreted as an apparatus of claim 1. Claim 9 is analyzed and interpreted as an apparatus of claim 2. Claim 11 is analyzed and interpreted as an apparatus of claim 4. Claim 14 is analyzed and interpreted as an apparatus of claim 5. Claim 12, Mandrekar teaches the system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise pre-buffering the secondary content prior to the start time of the predetermined timeslot for the secondary content (i.e. pre-recorded recommended content) (p. 0026). Claim 13, Mandrekar is silent regarding the system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise providing the secondary content at the start time of the predetermined timeslot for the secondary content. Christie teaches regarding the system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise providing the secondary content at the start time of the predetermined timeslot for the secondary content (i.e. at the end of the television program currently being displayed) (p. 0071). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the present invention to have provided recommendations as taught by Christie to the system of Mandrekar to provide users with more programming (p. 0071). Claims 15 and 17 recites “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claims 1 and 12. Claim 15 additionally recites the specific feature of “a first format” and “a second format” with respect to primary and secondary content. Mandrekar teaches “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claims 1 and 12 (p. 0075). Mandrekar also teaches the additionally recited specific feature of “a first format” and “a second format” with respect to primary and secondary content (i.e. format for primary and secondary display devices) (p. 0056). Claims 16 recites “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claim 2. Mandrekar teaches “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claim 2 (p. 0075). Claims 19 recites “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claim 12. Mandrekar teaches “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claim 12 (p. 0075). Claims 20 recites “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claim 13. Mandrekar teaches “A non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having 15. instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one computing device, cause the at least one computing device” to perform the steps of claim 13 (p. 0075). Claim(s) 3, 10 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mandrekar et al. (US 2012/0311633) in view of Greene (US 2016/0150228), and further in view of Christie et al. (US 2020/0084488), and further in view of Mercer et al. (US 2018/01676980). Claim 3, Mandrekar is silent regarding the method of claim 1, wherein in generating the fingerprint of the non-streaming content the method further comprises recording a clip of the non-streaming content, wherein the clip is for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the fingerprint is generated based on the clip. Mercer teaches the method of claim 1, wherein in generating the fingerprint of the non-streaming content the method further comprises recording a clip (i.e. recording) of the non-streaming content, wherein the clip is for a predetermined period of time, and wherein the fingerprint is generated based on the clip (i.e. pre-recorded for content identification) (p. 0046). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the present invention to have provided fingerprint generation as taught by Mercer to the system of Mandrekar to provide content recognition (p. 0046). Claim 10 is analyzed and interpreted as an apparatus of claim 3. Claim(s) 18 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mandrekar et al. (US 2012/0311633) in view of Greene (US 2016/0150228), and further in view of Christie et al. (US 2020/0084488), and further in view of Bradley et al. (US 2016/0309229). Claim 18, Mandrekar is silent regarding the non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the determining the secondary content that is related to the primary content comprises analyzing the metadata of the content to determine a genre of the primary content, and the retrieving the secondary content from the content provider comprises retrieving the secondary content based on the genre of the primary content. Bradley teaches the non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the determining the secondary content that is related to the primary content comprises analyzing the metadata of the content to determine a genre of the primary content, and the retrieving the secondary content from the content provider comprises retrieving the secondary content based on the genre of the primary content (i.e. matching genre of presently displayed content item) (p. 0041). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the present invention to have provided genre matching as taught by Bradley to the system of Mandrekar to recommended content based on currently displayed program (p. 0041). Conclusion Claims 1-20 are rejected. The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. US 10250917 B1 Nijim; Yousef Wasef et al. US 10182265 B2 Frazier; Kristopher T. et al. US 20180137267 A1 Krieger; Ken et al. US 20180014037 A1 Venkatraman; N. Dilip et al. US 20170085931 A1 JEONG; Seok-hyun et al. US 20130055313 A1 EYER; Mark US 20110202956 A1 Connelly; Michael et al. Inquiries Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MUSHFIKH I ALAM whose telephone number is (571)270-1710. The examiner can normally be reached 1:00PM-9:00PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Nasser Goodarzi can be reached at 571-272-4195. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. MUSHFIKH I. ALAM Primary Examiner Art Unit 2426 /MUSHFIKH I ALAM/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2426 1/5/2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 13, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 05, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12587707
SESSION TYPE CLASSIFICATION FOR MODELING
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12581157
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MEDIA CONTENT HAND-OFF BASED ON TYPE OF BUFFERED DATA
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12578752
DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12563241
INTERACTIVE METHOD AND APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUM
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12556751
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING LIVE STREAMING
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
58%
Grant Probability
96%
With Interview (+38.5%)
3y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 509 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month