Prosecution Insights
Last updated: October 02, 2026
Application No. 18/980,053

DRIVE UNIT FOR A VEHICLE

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Dec 13, 2024
Priority
Dec 14, 2023 — DE 10 2023 212 686.9
Examiner
ELAHMADI, ZAKARIA
Art Unit
3618
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
76%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
9m
Est. Remaining
88%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 76% — above average
76%
Career Allowance Rate
596 granted / 784 resolved
+24.0% vs TC avg
Moderate +12% lift
Without
With
+11.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 6m
Avg Prosecution
31 currently pending
Career history
826
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
56.4%
+16.4% vs TC avg
§102
31.8%
-8.2% vs TC avg
§112
11.2%
-28.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 784 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-5, 8-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Xue [CN 111016647] in view of Volpert [US Pat # 20150285375]. Regarding claim 1: Xue shows a drive unit for a vehicle, comprising an electric motor with a rotor shaft (16); a transmission with at least one first shaft (1) and a shift element (5) arranged radially inside the rotor shaft (16); an elastic spring element (3) on the shift element (5); and a guide element (20b) between the rotor shaft (16), the elastic spring element (3), and the shift element (5), wherein the guide element (20b) is configured to guide the shift element (5) during a shifting operation in the rotor shaft (16),wherein the shift element (5) is arranged to connect at least the first shaft (1) to the rotor shaft (16) in a rotationally fixed manner in a first shifting position in order to feed a drive power of the electric motor into the transmission, and wherein the elastic spring element (3) is arranged for centering the shift element (5) in the rotor shaft (16) in a no-load state of the electric motor and enabling a compensating movement of the shift element (5) in the rotor shaft (3) in a loaded state of the electric motor. Xue does not explicitly disclose that the elastic spring element is arranged to enable an elastic deformation to center the shift element. However Volpert shows the elastic spring (28) element is arranged to enable an elastic deformation to center the shift element (7). It would have been obvious to someone having ordinary skills in the art at the time of the effective filling date to have added the spring to align the shift shaft and prevent misalignment. Regarding claim 2: Xue shows wherein the shift element (5) defines a circumferential groove () and wherein the guide element (20b) and the elastic spring element (3) are arranged at least partially in the circumferential groove. Regarding claim 3: Xue shows wherein the guide element (20b) is configured to come to rest at least partially on the rotor shaft (16), on the elastic spring element (3), and on the shift element (5), and wherein the elastic spring element (3) is configured to come to rest on the guide element (20b) and on the shift element (5). Regarding claim 4: Xue shows wherein the guide element (20b) and the elastic spring element (3) are configured as a composite ring. Regarding claim 5: Xue shows wherein the shift element (5) is configured as a sliding sleeve (5) with a plurality of shifting positions and is axially displaceable into the respective shifting position by an actuator. Regarding claim 8: Xue shows wherein the rotor shaft (16) is rotatably mounted on a stationary component via a first bearing (see fig 3), and wherein the first shaft (1) is rotatably mounted on the stationary component via a second bearing (see fig 3). Regarding claim 9: Xue shows wherein the elastic spring element (3) is formed from an elastomer and has a restoring force which is greater than the sum of a weight force and an unbalance force of the shift element (5) in order to center a center of mass of the shift element (5) in the rotor shaft (16). Regarding claim 10: Xue shows a vehicle comprising at least one drive unit according to Claim 1. Claims 6-7 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Xue [ CN 111016647] in view of Chen [CN 110014826]. Regarding claim 6: Xue shows wherein a first gearing (2d) section for engagement with the first shaft (1) is arranged at a second axial end section of the sliding sleeve (5), and wherein a second gearing section (19a) for engagement on the rotor shaft (16) is arranged on a third section of the sliding sleeve (5) arranged between the first and the second axial end section, Xue does not explicitly shows wherein a shifting fork of the actuator is arranged at a first axial end section of the sliding sleeve, However Chen shows a shifting fork (106) of the actuator (102) is arranged at a first axial end section of the sliding sleeve. It would have been obvious to someone having ordinary skill in the art at the time of the effective filling date to have shift fork to enable precise and smooth gear changes in transmission. Regarding claim 7: Xue shows a second shaft (7), wherein a third gearing section (6b) is provided on the sliding sleeve for engagement with the second shaft (7) and is arranged at a position between the second axial end section and the third section of the sliding sleeve (5). PNG media_image1.png 457 667 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 693 588 media_image2.png Greyscale PNG media_image3.png 491 631 media_image3.png Greyscale Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ZAKARIA ELAHMADI whose telephone number is (571)270-5324. The examiner can normally be reached on M-F 10-6 EST. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Minnah Seoh can be reached on 571-270-7778. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ZAKARIA ELAHMADI/ Examiner, Art Unit 3618
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Prosecution Timeline

Show 10 earlier events
Apr 24, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary
Apr 24, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Apr 27, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Apr 27, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Apr 29, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary
May 26, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Jun 05, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary
Aug 17, 2026
Non-Final Rejection mailed — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
76%
Grant Probability
88%
With Interview (+11.9%)
2y 6m (~9m remaining)
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 784 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allowance rate.

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