Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/366,175

PIXEL SENSOR INCLUDING REFRACTION STRUCTURES

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Aug 07, 2023
Examiner
NARAGHI, ALI
Art Unit
2817
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
86%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 8m
To Grant
93%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 86% — above average
86%
Career Allow Rate
666 granted / 771 resolved
+18.4% vs TC avg
Moderate +6% lift
Without
With
+6.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 8m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
795
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.1%
-38.9% vs TC avg
§103
61.6%
+21.6% vs TC avg
§102
19.0%
-21.0% vs TC avg
§112
13.1%
-26.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 771 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Drawings The drawings are objected to under 37 CFR 1.83(a). The drawings must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims. Therefore, the limitations of 5th and 6th DTI structure near the third and fourth sides of the high absorption region, must be shown or the feature(s) canceled from the claim(s). No new matter should be entered. Corrected drawing sheets in compliance with 37 CFR 1.121(d) are required in reply to the Office action to avoid abandonment of the application. Any amended replacement drawing sheet should include all of the figures appearing on the immediate prior version of the sheet, even if only one figure is being amended. The figure or figure number of an amended drawing should not be labeled as “amended.” If a drawing figure is to be canceled, the appropriate figure must be removed from the replacement sheet, and where necessary, the remaining figures must be renumbered and appropriate changes made to the brief description of the several views of the drawings for consistency. Additional replacement sheets may be necessary to show the renumbering of the remaining figures. Each drawing sheet submitted after the filing date of an application must be labeled in the top margin as either “Replacement Sheet” or “New Sheet” pursuant to 37 CFR 1.121(d). If the changes are not accepted by the examiner, the applicant will be notified and informed of any required corrective action in the next Office action. The objection to the drawings will not be held in abeyance. Claim Objections Claim 7 is objected to because of the following informalities: near a first third should be changed to third. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1,4,8-12,15-19 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Wu et al (US Pub No. 20200058684). With respect to claim 1, Wu et al discloses forming, in a substrate (104,Fig.25) of a pixel sensor (018), a first deep trench isolation (DTI) structure at least partially surrounding a photodiode in the substrate (116); forming, in the substrate, a plurality of second DTI structures over the photodiode (top portion of 1702,Fig.22) and within a perimeter of the first DTI structure (Fig.25); forming, in the substrate, a high absorption region over the photodiode and in between the plurality of second DTI structures (1602); and filling the first DTI structure (314a), the plurality of second DTI structures (102), and the high absorption region with an oxide material (para94,35,Silicon oxide). With respect to claim 4, Wu et al discloses forming the plurality of second DTI structures to a depth (Fig.25), relative to a top surface of the Substrate (1702,Fig.22), such that the plurality of second DTI structures do not touch the photodiode (Fg.25). With respect to claim 8, Wu et al discloses forming, in a substrate (106,Fig.1A) a photodiode (108); forming, in the substrate, a deep trench isolation (DTI) structure (116), one or more refraction Structures (114, para 31), and an absorption region (112), wherein the DTI structure is formed to at least partially surround the photodiode (Fig.1A), the one or more refraction structures are formed within the DTI structure (Fig.1A), and the absorption region increases an absorption of an incident light for the photodiode (abstract); and filling the DTI structure (para 31), the one or more refraction structures, and the absorption region with an oxide material (Para 31). With respect to claim 9, Wu et al discloses wherein the DTI structure is formed such that a depth of the DTI structure in the substrate is less than a thickness of the substrate (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 10, Wu et al discloses wherein the one or more refraction structures are formed such that a depth of the one or more refraction structures in the substrate is less than a depth of the DTI structure in the substrate (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 11, Wu et al does not explicitly disclose wherein the one or more refraction structures are formed in the substrate such that a width of the one or more refraction structures in the substrate is less than a width of the DTI structure in the substrate (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 12, wherein at least one refraction structure of the one or more refraction structures is formed in the substrate such that the at least one refraction structure is in contact with the DTI structure ( with top portion of the DTI structure since the material inside DTI structure covers the top surface of the device). With respect to claim 15, Wu et al discloses forming, in a substrate (106,Fig.1A), a deep trench isolation (DTI) structure (110), a plurality of refraction structures (114), and an absorption region (112), wherein the DTI structure is formed to at least partially surround a photodiode (108,Fig.1A) in the substrate, the plurality of refraction structures and absorption region are formed within the DTI structure (Fig.1A), and the absorption region increases an absorption of an incident light for the photodiode (abstract); filling the DTI structure, the plurality of refraction structures, and the absorption region with an oxide material (Para 31); and forming a micro-lens layer (122) over the DTI structure, the plurality of refraction structures, and the absorption region (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 16, Wu et al discloses wherein the absorption region comprises a structure having angled walls (Fig.1A) such that the structure is approximately triangular shaped (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 17, Wu et al discloses wherein the absorption region is formed between the plurality of refraction structures (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 19, Wu et al discloses forming an antireflective coating layer (112 is made silicon nitride and it is great for ARC, para 31) over the DTI structure (Fig.1A), the plurality of refraction structures (Fig.1A), and the absorption region (Fig.1A), wherein the micro-lens layer is formed over the antireflecting coating layer (Fig.1A). With respect to claim 20, Wu et al discloses forming a color filter layer (120) over the DTI structure, the plurality of refraction structures, and the absorption region, wherein the micro-lens layer is formed over the color filter layer (Fig.1A). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 2-3,14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Wu et al . (US Pub No. 20200058684), in view of Lo et al (US Patent No. 9330956). With respect to claim 2, Wu et al does not explicitly disclose wherein forming the first DTI structure and forming the plurality of second DTI structures comprise: forming the first DTI structure and forming the plurality of second DTI structures using a same photomask. On the other hand, Lo et al discloses wherein forming the first DTI structure (left 192,Fig.1E) and forming the plurality of second DTI structures (191) comprise: forming the first DTI structure and forming the plurality of second DTI structures using a same photomask (180,Fig.1D). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al according to the teachings of the Lo et al such that the second DTI and the first DTI are formed with the same mask, in order to shorten the process time, thereby increasing the manufacturing yield. With respect to claim 3, Wu et al does not explicitly disclose wherein filling the first DTI structure, the plurality of second DTI structures, and the high absorption region with the oxide material comprises: filling at least the first DTI structure and the plurality of second DTI structures with the oxide material in a same deposition operation. On the other hand, Lo et al discloses filling at least the first DTI structure and the plurality of second DTI structures with the oxide material in a same deposition operation (col 4, Fig.1F). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al according to the teachings of the Lo et al such that the first DTI structure and the plurality of second DTI structures with the oxide material in a same deposition operation, in order to shorten the fabrication process, and increase the manufacturing yield. With respect to claim 14, Wu et al does not explicitly disclose the one or more refraction structures, and the absorption region are formed in the substrate in a single etching operation. On the other hand, Lo et al discloses multiple different shape trenches (191,192, Fig.1E, which DTI and refraction and absorption regions are) are formed in the substrate (100, Fg.1D-1E). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al according to the teachings of the Lo et al such that the one or more refraction structures, and the absorption region are formed in the substrate in a single etching operation, in order to reduce the manufacturing time, thereby cut the labor cost. Claim(s) 5-6,13,18 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Wu et al . (US Pub No. 20200058684). , With respect to claim 5, Wu et al discloses wherein the depth of the plurality of second DTI structures is less than a depth of the first DTI structure (Fig.25). However, the arts cited above do not explicitly disclose wherein the depth of the plurality of second DTI structures is in a range of approximately 300 nanometers to approximately 2000 nanometers. However, "[W]here the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, it is not inventive to discover the optimum or workable ranges by routine experimentation." In re Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456, 105 USPQ 233, 235 (CCPA 1955). Furhermore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al such that the depth of the plurality of second DTI structures is in a range of approximately 300 nanometers to approximately 2000 nanometers, as a design choice. With respect to claim 6, Wu et al discloses forming the plurality of second DTI structures to a particular width (Fg.22); however, it does not explicitly disclose such that an etch rate of the first DTI structure and the plurality of second DTI structures results in the first DTI structure being deeper relative to the plurality of second DTI structures. On the other hand, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the tie of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al such that the second DTIs are wider than the first the first DTI, thereby by using a simple mask one can make the first DTI deeper than the second DTI, since the etch rate is proportional to the surface area. With respect to claim 13, Wu et al does not explicitly disclose, wherein the one or more refraction structures are not in contact with the absorption region. On the other hand, Wu et al in Fig.10 discloses that refraction structures (114,Fig.10) are not in contact with the absorption region (112). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al in Fig.1A according to the teachings of the Wu et al in Fig.10 as a design choice. With respect to claim 18, Wu et al discloses that (112) is the absorption region (Abstract); however, Wu et al does not explicitly disclose wherein the absorption region is capable of directing the incident light toward a center of the photodiode. However, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al such that the absorption region is capable of directing the incident light toward a center of the photodiode, in order to increase the efficiency of the device. Claim(s) 7 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Wu et al . (US Pub No. 20200058684), in view of Zang et al (US Pub No. 20220052085). With resect to claim 7, the arts cited above do not explicitly disclose forming a third DTI structure, of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a first side of the high absorption region; forming a fourth DTI structure, of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a second side of the high absorption region; forming a fifth DTI structure, of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a first third of the high absorption region; and forming a sixth DTI structure, of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a fourth side of the high absorption region. On the other hand, Zang et al discloses forming a third DTI structure (24FI,Fig.2F), of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a first side of the high absorption region (left side of 214FA); forming a fourth DTI structure (214FB), of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a second side of the high absorption region (top side of 214F); forming a fifth DTI structure (214FC), of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a first third of the high absorption region (right side of 214FA); and forming a sixth DTI structure (214FE), of the plurality of second DTI structures, near a fourth side of the high absorption region (bottom side of 214FA). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the filing of the invention to modify Wu et al according to the teachings of the Zang et al such that multiple DTI structures are formed over the photodiode region, in order to increase the pixel efficiency. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ALI N NARAGHI whose telephone number is (571)270-5720. The examiner can normally be reached 10am-6pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Marlon Fletcher can be reached at 571-272-2063. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ALI NARAGHI/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2817
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Prosecution Timeline

Aug 07, 2023
Application Filed
Mar 02, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
86%
Grant Probability
93%
With Interview (+6.3%)
2y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 771 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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