Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/457,975

SEMICONDUCTOR GAP FILL AND PLANARIZATION

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Aug 29, 2023
Examiner
BOULGHASSOUL, YOUNES
Art Unit
2814
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
88%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 4m
To Grant
96%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 88% — above average
88%
Career Allow Rate
443 granted / 502 resolved
+20.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+7.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 4m
Avg Prosecution
33 currently pending
Career history
535
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
38.0%
-2.0% vs TC avg
§102
32.1%
-7.9% vs TC avg
§112
22.5%
-17.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 502 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
Attorney’s Docket Number: 4630.5290000 Filing Date: 08/29/2023 Claimed Foreign Priority Date: none Applicants: Peng et al. Examiner: Younes Boulghassoul DETAILED ACTION This Office action responds to the Election filed on 02/05/2026. Remarks The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Applicant's elections without traverse of Group Invention I and of Species 3, in the reply filed on 02/05/2026, is acknowledged. Applicant cancelled claims 15-20, added new claims 21-26, and indicated that claims 1-14 and 21-26 read on the elected Group invention and Species. The examiner agrees. Accordingly, pending in this application are claims 1-14 and 21-26. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-3 and 5-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Wang et al. (US5679606). Regarding Claim 1, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a structure, comprising: - a plurality of conductive features (e.g., metal lines 14) disposed on a first layer (e.g., IC structure 10 can be a semiconductor wafer including layers formed in and on the wafer) - a second layer (e.g., comprising multi-layer stack 20-26 or single layer 26) disposed over the plurality of conductive features and the first layer wherein the second layer comprises a first triangular-shaped peak corresponding to a first conductive feature, a second triangular-shaped peak corresponding to a second conductive feature, and a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein the valley region comprises a height above the first layer that is less than a height of the first and second triangular-shaped peaks above the first layer (see, e.g., Fig. 5). Regarding Claim 2, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that the first layer comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, a dielectric layer, an interconnect, or combinations thereof (e.g., 10 is a semiconductor wafer, thus a substrate). Regarding Claim 3, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features comprises a metal or a mandrel (e.g., metal lines 14 of W or AlCu). Regarding Claim 5, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that the second layer comprises an etch stop layer, a dielectric layer, a polymer layer, or combinations thereof (e.g., each of 20, 22, 24, and 26 are dielectric layers). Regarding Claim 6, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that a height of the first and second triangular-shaped peaks above each conductive feature is less than the height of the valley region above the first layer. Regarding Claim 7, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that the height of the valley region above the first layer is greater than a height of each conductive feature. Regarding Claim 8, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that a top surface of the valley region in the second layer is substantially flat. Regarding Claim 9, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that the second layer comprises an angle between the top surface of the valley region and the triangular-shaped peaks ranging from about 90o to about 150°. Regarding Claim 10, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a semiconductor device, comprising: - a plurality of conductive features (e.g., metal lines 14) on a first layer (e.g., IC structure 10 can be a semiconductor wafer including layers formed in and on the wafer) having a height above the first layer and a distance between each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features - a second layer (e.g., comprising multi-layer stack 20-26 or single layer 26) over the plurality of conductive features and the first layer, the second layer comprising a first height above the conductive features and a second height above the first layer wherein the second layer comprises a first triangular-shaped peak above a first conductive feature, a second triangular-shaped peak above a second conductive feature, and a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein a peak-to- peak distance between the first triangular-shaped peak and the second triangular-shaped peak is greater than the distance between the first conductive feature and the second conductive feature (see, e.g., Fig. 5). Regarding Claim 11, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that: - the second layer comprises a valley region disposed above the first layer between the first triangular-shaped peak above the first conductive feature and the second triangular-shaped peak above the second conductive feature - the second layer comprises a valley region height above the first layer that is greater than the height of each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features. Regarding Claim 12, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features is a metal interconnect, a mandrel, or combinations thereof (e.g., metal lines 14 of W or AlCu), and the second layer comprises an etch stop layer, a dielectric layer, a polymer layer, or combinations thereof (e.g., each of 20, 22, 24, and 26 are dielectric layers). Regarding Claim 13, Wang (see, e.g., Fig. 5) shows that the second layer comprises a substantially flat valley region. Claims 1-13, 21-22, and 24-26 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Liu et al. (US2022/0254697). Regarding Claim 1, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a structure, comprising: - a plurality of conductive features (e.g., UTM structures 204) disposed on a first layer (e.g., dielectric layer 202) - a second layer (e.g., passivation layer 206 or passivation oxide 218) disposed over the plurality of conductive features and the first layer wherein the second layer comprises a first triangular-shaped peak corresponding to a first conductive feature, a second triangular-shaped peak corresponding to a second conductive feature, and a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein the valley region comprises a height above the first layer that is less than a height of the first and second triangular-shaped peaks above the first layer (see, e.g., Fig. 2). Regarding Claim 2, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that the first layer comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, a dielectric layer, an interconnect, or combinations thereof (e.g., 202 is a dielectric layer). Regarding Claim 3, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features comprises a metal or a mandrel (e.g., UTM structures 204 are metal layers). Regarding Claim 4, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) discloses that a spacing s between adjacent UTM structures 204 may be greater than or equal to approximately 1.8 micrometers. Therefore, Liu shows that a distance between each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns. Regarding Claim 5, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2 and Par. [0014) discloses that passivation layer 206 includes three passivation oxides 208, 214, and 218 of dielectric material. Therefore, Liu shows that the second layer comprises an etch stop layer, a dielectric layer, a polymer layer, or combinations thereof. Regarding Claim 6, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that a height of the first and second triangular-shaped peaks above each conductive feature is less than the height of the valley region above the first layer. Regarding Claim 7, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that the height of the valley region above the first layer is greater than a height of each conductive feature. Regarding Claim 8, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that a top surface of the valley region in the second layer is substantially flat. Regarding Claim 9, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that the second layer comprises an angle between the top surface of the valley region and the triangular-shaped peaks ranging from about 90o to about 150° (e.g., profile angle θ of at least approximately 110 degrees). Regarding Claim 10, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a semiconductor device, comprising: - a plurality of conductive features (e.g., UTM structures 204) on a first layer (e.g., dielectric layer 202) having a height above the first layer and a distance between each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features - a second layer (e.g., passivation layer 206 or passivation oxide 218) over the plurality of conductive features and the first layer, the second layer comprising a first height above the conductive features and a second height above the first layer wherein the second layer comprises a first triangular-shaped peak above a first conductive feature, a second triangular-shaped peak above a second conductive feature, and a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein a peak-to- peak distance between the first triangular-shaped peak and the second triangular-shaped peak is greater than the distance between the first conductive feature and the second conductive feature (see, e.g., Fig. 2). Regarding Claim 11, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that: - the second layer comprises a valley region disposed above the first layer between the first triangular-shaped peak above the first conductive feature and the second triangular-shaped peak above the second conductive feature - the second layer comprises a valley region height above the first layer that is greater than the height of each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features. Regarding Claim 12, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features is a metal interconnect, a mandrel, or combinations thereof (e.g., UTM structures 204 are metal layers), and the second layer comprises an etch stop layer, a dielectric layer, a polymer layer, or combinations thereof (e.g., 206 includes three passivation oxides 208, 214, and 218 of dielectric material). Regarding Claim 13, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that the second layer comprises a substantially flat valley region. Regarding Claim 21, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a semiconductor structure, comprising: - first and second conductive features (e.g., UTM structures 204) on a first dielectric layer (e.g., dielectric layer 202) - a second dielectric layer (e.g., passivation layer 206 or passivation oxide 218 are of dielectric material) on the first dielectric layer and covering the first and second conductive features, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises: a first triangular-shaped peak covering the first conductive feature a second triangular-shaped peak covering the second conductive feature a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein a top surface of the valley region is substantially flat. Regarding Claim 22, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that a top surface of the valley region is above top surfaces of the first and second conductive features. Regarding Claim 24, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) discloses that a spacing s between adjacent UTM structures 204 may be greater than or equal to approximately 1.8 micrometers. Therefore, Liu shows that a distance between the first and second conductive features ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns. Regarding Claim 25, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that the first and second conductive features comprise a metal interconnect or a mandrel (e.g., UTM structures 204 are metal layers). Regarding Claim 26, Liu (see, e.g., Fig. 2) shows that the second dielectric layer comprises an angle between a top surface of the valley region and the first triangular-shaped peak ranging from about 90o to about 150° (e.g., profile angle θ of at least approximately 110 degrees). Claims 1-3, 5-8, 10-14, 21-23, and 25 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Wu et al. (US2021/0249321). Regarding Claim 1, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a structure, comprising: - a plurality of conductive features (e.g., conductive features 145A-C) disposed on a first layer (e.g., device layer 110, metallization layer 115, or metallization layer 116) - a second layer (e.g., comprising multi-layer stack 155A-D or single layer 155D) disposed over the plurality of conductive features and the first layer wherein the second layer comprises a first triangular-shaped peak corresponding to a first conductive feature, a second triangular-shaped peak corresponding to a second conductive feature, and a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein the valley region comprises a height above the first layer that is less than a height of the first and second triangular-shaped peaks above the first layer (see, e.g., Fig. 10). Regarding Claim 2, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that the first layer comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, a dielectric layer, an interconnect, or combinations thereof (e.g., 110 comprises a substrate 105, conductive layer 125 or 126, dielectric layer 120, contact 122, or via 130 or 131). Regarding Claim 3, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features comprises a metal or a mandrel (e.g., conductive features 145A-C comprise tungsten or aluminum). Regarding Claim 5, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) discloses that each passivation layers 155A-155C comprises silicon dioxide. Therefore, Wu shows that the second layer comprises an etch stop layer, a dielectric layer, a polymer layer, or combinations thereof. Regarding Claim 6, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that a height of the first and second triangular-shaped peaks above each conductive feature is less than the height of the valley region above the first layer. Regarding Claim 7, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that the height of the valley region above the first layer is greater than a height of each conductive feature. Regarding Claim 8, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that a top surface of the valley region in the second layer is substantially flat. Regarding Claim 10, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a semiconductor device, comprising: - a plurality of conductive features (e.g., conductive features 145A-C) on a first layer (e.g., device layer 110, metallization layer 115, or metallization layer 116) having a height above the first layer and a distance between each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features - a second layer (e.g., comprising multi-layer stack 155A-D or single layer 155D) over the plurality of conductive features and the first layer, the second layer comprising a first height above the conductive features and a second height above the first layer wherein the second layer comprises a first triangular-shaped peak above a first conductive feature, a second triangular-shaped peak above a second conductive feature, and a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein a peak-to- peak distance between the first triangular-shaped peak and the second triangular-shaped peak is greater than the distance between the first conductive feature and the second conductive feature (see, e.g., Fig. 10). Regarding Claim 11, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that: - the second layer comprises a valley region disposed above the first layer between the first triangular-shaped peak above the first conductive feature and the second triangular-shaped peak above the second conductive feature - the second layer comprises a valley region height above the first layer that is greater than the height of each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features. Regarding Claim 12, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that each conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features is a metal interconnect, a mandrel, or combinations thereof (e.g., conductive features 145A-C comprise tungsten or aluminum), and the second layer comprises an etch stop layer, a dielectric layer, a polymer layer, or combinations thereof (e.g., each passivation layers 155A-155C comprises silicon dioxide). Regarding Claim 13, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that the second layer comprises a substantially flat valley region. Regarding Claim 14, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows an interconnect (e.g., comprising conductive pillar 210 and UBM 205) extending through the second layer and in contact with a top of at least one conductive feature in the plurality of conductive features. Regarding Claim 21, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows all aspects of the instant invention, including a semiconductor structure, comprising: - first and second conductive features (e.g., two consecutive conductive features of 145A-C) on a first dielectric layer (e.g., dielectric layer 120) - a second dielectric layer (e.g., comprising silicon dioxide multi-layer stack 155A-D or single layer 155D) on the first dielectric layer and covering the first and second conductive features, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises: a first triangular-shaped peak covering the first conductive feature a second triangular-shaped peak covering the second conductive feature a valley region between the first and second triangular-shaped peaks, wherein a top surface of the valley region is substantially flat. Regarding Claim 22, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that a top surface of the valley region is above top surfaces of the first and second conductive features. Regarding Claim 23, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that the second dielectric layer comprises silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, a polymer, or combinations thereof (e.g., each passivation layers 155A-155C comprises silicon dioxide). Regarding Claim 25, Wu (see, e.g., Fig. 10) shows that the first and second conductive features comprise a metal interconnect or a mandrel (e.g., conductive features 145A-C comprise tungsten or aluminum). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. The additional references cited disclose semiconductor devices having passivation layers with triangular-shaped peaks above conductive features anticipating the instant inventions. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Younes Boulghassoul at (571) 270-5514. The examiner can normally be reached on Monday-Friday 9am-6pm EST (Eastern Standard Time), or by e-mail via younes.boulghassoul@uspto.gov. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Wael Fahmy can be reached at (571) 272-1705. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /YOUNES BOULGHASSOUL/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2814
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 29, 2023
Application Filed
Feb 19, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Apr 14, 2026
Interview Requested

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12598978
Semiconductor Device having a Source/Drain Contact Connected to a Back-Side Power Rail by a Landing Pad and a Through Electrode
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12593679
APPARATUSES AND MEMORY DEVICES INCLUDING AIR GAPS BETWEEN CONDUCTIVE LINES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12563829
Device having a Diffusion Break Structure Extending within a Fin and Interfacing with a Source/Drain
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12557307
Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitor with a Top Electrode having an Oxygen-Enriched Portion
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Patent 12553776
Device having a Metamaterial-Based Focusing Annulus Lens Above a MEMS Component and Method of Manufacturing Thereof
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
88%
Grant Probability
96%
With Interview (+7.3%)
2y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 502 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month