Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 18, 2026
Application No. 18/577,986

SLEEP INDUCTION AND SLEEP QUALITY IMPROVEMENT DRINK

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Jan 09, 2024
Examiner
GWARTNEY, ELIZABETH A
Art Unit
1759
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Muska Co. Ltd.
OA Round
2 (Final)
36%
Grant Probability
At Risk
3-4
OA Rounds
4y 1m
To Grant
71%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants only 36% of cases
36%
Career Allow Rate
238 granted / 660 resolved
-28.9% vs TC avg
Strong +35% interview lift
Without
With
+35.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
4y 1m
Avg Prosecution
59 currently pending
Career history
719
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.4%
-37.6% vs TC avg
§103
50.3%
+10.3% vs TC avg
§102
9.1%
-30.9% vs TC avg
§112
31.5%
-8.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 660 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . The amendment filed February 17, 2026 has been entered. Claims 2, 6, 10 and 11 have been cancelled. Claims 1, 3-5 and 7-9 are pending examination. The previous rejection of claim 11 under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) has been withdrawn in light of Applicant’s amendment filed February 17, 2026 cancelling claim 11. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. Claims 1, 3-5 and 7-9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bulman et al. (“Nutraceuticals as Potential Targets for the Development of a Functional Beverage for Improving Sleep Quality”, Beverages, 7 (2), 33, (2 June 2021), pp. 1-30) in view of Liebchen (“Jamia Tart Cherry Health, a vitamin village that helps you sleep” Nave Blog, August 2020 – IDS filed February 17, 2026), Dachae (“A sleeping bottle to drink when you can’t sleep”, Nave Blog, August 8, 2021- IDS filed February 17, 2026), Lan et al. (CN 1616026), Wan (KR 102258796 – IDS filed January 9, 2024), Ye et al. (CN 111358899-Clarivate Analytics translation), Jia (CN 1586327 -Clarivate Analytics translation), Yin et al. (CN 103750445 – Clarivate Analytics translation) and Bae et al. (KR 888694 – Clarivate Analytics translation). Regarding claims 1, 3-5 and 7-9, Bulman et al. disclose the development of functional beverages for improving sleep quality (i.e., sleep induction-Abstract, p. 3/Introduction). Bulman et al. disclose functional beverages comprising one or more active compounds including L-tryptophan, 5-HTP, melatonin, L-theanine, L-cysteine, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin D, vitamin C, magnesium and/or zinc (p. 4-10/Table 1. Selected nutraceutical used in the promotion and improvement of quality of sleep and their outcomes in different populations). Bulman et al. disclose optimal sleep comprises adequate duration, quality and timing (p. 2). Bulman et al. disclose sleep disorders are a factor that affects sleep quality (p. 3/Figure 1). Bulman et al. is silent with respect to a functional beverage comprising Siberian ginseng trunk, wheat, lotus seed, jujube, jujube seed, gardenia, Poria cocos, red ginseng, Ecklonia cava extract powder, tart cherry juice powder, fish collagen and beet root concentrate powder. Liebchen teaches a tart cherry powder that helps you sleep. Liebchen teaches the powder and be diluted with water to make a drink (p. 5). Liebchen teaches the composition comprises tart cherry, perilla extract powder, chamomile extract powder, L-tryptophan and fish collagen (p. 2). Liebchen teaches tart cherry is known to comprise melatonin and that melatonin is a good ingredient for insomnia and sleep disorders (p. 3). Dachae teaches a drink (i.e., sleeping bottle) intended to be consumed 1-2 hours before going to bed for a good night’s sleep (p. 2). Dachae teaches consuming the drink can maintain a healthy sleep rhythm (p. 2). Dachae teaches the active ingredients include perilla extract, tart cherry, L-theanine, barley, wheat, lotus seed, gardenia and red ginseng (p. 3 and 4). Lan et al. teaches a medicine tea for treating insomnia comprising jujube and lotus seed (Abstract, claim 1). Wan teaches a beverage for improving sleep disorder and inducing sleep comprising Ecklonia cava fruit, Schisandra chinesis fruit and red lettuce (Abstract). Ye et al. teach a Chinese medicine composition for treating insomnia comprising wheat and jujube kernel (i.e., seed) (Abstract, Summary of invention, Example 1). Jia teaches a functional drink comprising Siberian ginseng (Abstract). Jia teaches Siberian ginseng root (i.e., trunk) is helpful to treat insomnia and sleep disorders (i.e., dreamful sleep-Invention content). Hou teaches a powder for improving sleep comprising tuckahoe extract (i.e., Poria cocos)(Abstract, [0035]). Yin et al. teach a beverage for treating insomnia comprising beet root and lotus seed (Abstract, [0009], claim 1). Bulman et al., Liebchen, Dachae, Lan, Wan, Ye et al., Jia, Hou and Yin et al. are combinable because they are concerned with the same field of endeavor, namely compositions used to treat insomnia and improve sleep. Given the combination of references teaches that Siberian ginseng, wheat, lotus seed, jujube, jujube seed, gardenia, Poria cocos, red ginseng, Ecklonia cava, tart cherry, fish collagen, beet root, vitamin C and L-theanine are components known to treat insomnia and improve sleep it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art prior to the effective filing date of the present application to have combined the components to make a functional beverage used to treat insomnia and improve sleep. Absent evidence to the contrary, one of ordinary skill would have combined the components in any ratio with a reasonable expectation that when consumed, the composition would improve sleep. Bulman et al. is also silent with respect to enzymatically modified stevia. Bae et al. teach using enzymatically modified stevia as a sweetening agent in beverage compositions (Abstract, Use). Bulman et al. and Bae et al. are combinable because they are concerned with the same field of endeavor, namely beverage compositions. Given Bae et al. teach enzymatically modified stevia is a sweetening agent known to be used in beverage compositions, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art prior to the effective filing date of the present invention to have added enzymatically modified stevia to the functional beverage of modified Bulman et al. to obtain a functional beverage with a sweet taste. One of ordinary skill in the art would have adjusted the amount of added enzymatically modified stevia to obtain the desired level of sweetness in the functional beverage. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claims 1, 3-35 and 7-9 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ELIZABETH A GWARTNEY whose telephone number is (571)270-3874. The examiner can normally be reached M-F: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Duane Smith can be reached at 571-272-1166. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. ELIZABETH A. GWARTNEY Primary Examiner Art Unit 1759 /ELIZABETH GWARTNEY/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1759
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Prosecution Timeline

Jan 09, 2024
Application Filed
Nov 18, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Feb 17, 2026
Response Filed
Apr 01, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
36%
Grant Probability
71%
With Interview (+35.0%)
4y 1m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 660 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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