Prosecution Insights
Prosecution Insights
Technology areas: Computing & Software • Transportation, E-Commerce & Mechanical Systems
121 pending office actions • 64 art units • 111 examiners • 0 of 121 (0%) have an AI response strategy ready • 175 patents granted in the last 365 days
PayPal Inc. maintains 117 pending office actions, primarily within the Transportation, E-Commerce & Mechanical Systems technology area. These actions are spread across 55 distinct art units, showing a wide-ranging interest in various e-commerce and financial technologies. The company interacts with 107 distinct examiners, which suggests that the vast majority of examiners are handling only one pending matter for the firm.
Zelalem W. Shalu is the busiest examiner for the portfolio, currently overseeing 3 pending office actions. With 107 distinct examiners involved, the prosecution environment is highly diverse, requiring strategies that can adapt to many different examiner styles. The distribution across 55 distinct art units further emphasizes the breadth of the company's current technical filings. This volume of 117 pending actions requires a highly coordinated effort to manage the high number of individual examiner relationships.
Based on the USPTO statutory response window for each pending office action. 40 of the docket's apps have a known mailing date; the rest are excluded from the tile counts.
Every pending office action with a known statutory deadline, placed on a days-until-due axis. Dots left of Today are overdue; the further right, the more runway. Cases that share a deadline window stack vertically. 40 of the docket's apps have a known mailing date.
Difficulty is derived from the rejection statutes on the most recent pending office action. §101-driven and multi-statute cases are graded Hard; §112-only and obviousness-type double-patenting cases are graded Easy; everything else is Medium. "Unknown" means we have not yet parsed a statute for that office action.
| Bucket | Cases |
|---|---|
| §101 only | 26 (21%) |
| §101 + other | 51 (42%) |
| §103 only | 24 (20%) |
| §102 only | 2 (2%) |
| §112 only | 1 (1%) |
| Double-patenting only | 1 (1%) |
| Double-patenting + other | 2 (2%) |
| Multi-statute (no §101) | 14 (12%) |
How the docket's pending cases split across USPTO tech-center bands.
Manual office-action response work runs about 10 hours per case. The time-saved bands below show what IP Author's prosecution pipeline typically delivers — a conservative 20% on the low end, 35% in the middle, 50% on the high end.
| Examiner | Apps on this docket | Allow rate | Interview lift |
|---|---|---|---|
| SHALU, ZELALEM W | 3 | 31.4% | +21.0% |
| LEVINE, ADAM L | 2 | 35.9% | +40.0% |
| ROSEN, ELIZABETH H | 2 | 46.0% | +49.9% |
| BEKERMAN, MICHAEL | 2 | 32.6% | +30.8% |
| CHOI, YUE YIN | 2 | 60.0% | +8.9% |
| ELCHANTI, TAREK | 2 | 50.6% | +36.2% |
| ABDULLAEV, AMANULLA | 2 | 23.4% | +33.4% |
| ZIMMERMAN, MATTHEW E | 2 | 51.7% | +46.2% |
| BORLINGHAUS, JASON M | 2 | 47.5% | +21.5% |
| FENSTERMACHER, JASON B | 1 | 47.1% | +38.1% |
Multi-statute / §101-driven matters, or cases in front of an examiner with an allow rate under 30%. The top 8 ordered by deadline are shown.
| App # | Title | Examiner | Due in |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17710934 | PARTNER FEE RECOMMENDATION SERVICE | LEE, PO HAN | 182d overdue |
| 18216354 | RISK CALCULATION USING ENTITY GRAPH WITH EDGE WEIGHTS BY CARDINALITY | PUTTAIAH, ASHA | 169d overdue |
| 18090284 | POWER USAGE AND RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION USING MACHINE LEARNING | BOLEN, NICHOLAS D | 50d overdue |
| 17557693 | FEATURE DEPRECATION ARCHITECTURES FOR DECISION-TREE BASED METHODS | NAULT, VICTOR ADELARD | 49d overdue |
| 16687554 | INTELLIGENT POPULATION OF INTERFACE ELEMENTS FOR CONVERTING TRANSACTIONS | PINSKY, DOUGLAS W | 46d overdue |
| 18148979 | PROVIDING APPLICATION NOTIFICATION FOR COMPUTING APPLICATION LIMITATIONS | BORLINGHAUS, JASON M | 42d overdue |
| 18826685 | SHOPPING ASSISTANT WITH ACCOUNT BALANCE LIMIT DISPLAY | LEVINE, ADAM L | 25d overdue |
| 17580001 | LINKAGE DATA GENERATOR | STORK, KYLE R | 22d overdue |
Cases in front of an examiner whose interview lift is 10 percentage points or more — i.e. interviewed cases historically resolve more favorably than non-interviewed ones. The top 8 ordered by deadline are shown.
| App # | Title | Examiner | Due in |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18148979 | PROVIDING APPLICATION NOTIFICATION FOR COMPUTING APPLICATION LIMITATIONS | BORLINGHAUS, JASON M | 42d overdue |
| 18826685 | SHOPPING ASSISTANT WITH ACCOUNT BALANCE LIMIT DISPLAY | LEVINE, ADAM L | 25d overdue |
| 18306121 | COMMUNICATION DEVICE INTERFACE FOR MERCHANT CHECK-IN AND SHOPPING NOTIFICATIONS | BEKERMAN, MICHAEL | 4d overdue |
| 18435574 | COMPUTATIONAL PLATFORM USING MACHINE LEARNING FOR INTEGRATING DATA SHARING PLATFORMS | ELCHANTI, TAREK | 6d |
| 17721993 | OPTIMIZING TRAINING DATA GENERATION FROM REAL-TIME PREDICTION SYSTEMS FOR INTELLIGENT MODEL TRAINING | SHALU, ZELALEM W | 14d |
| 17673377 | TIERED INPUT STRUCTURES FOR MACHINE LEARNING MODELS | SHALU, ZELALEM W | 14d |
| 18948368 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTENT INTEGRATED PRODUCT PURCHASING | LEVINE, ADAM L | 16d |
| 18237570 | SYSTEM, METHOD, AND MEDIUM FOR USER SPECIFIC DATA DISTRIBUTION OF CROWD-SOURCED DATA | ZIMMERMAN, MATTHEW E | 26d |
| Art Unit | Apps |
|---|---|
| 3688 | 7 |
| 3698 | 6 |
| 3692 | 6 |
| 3691 | 5 |
| 2145 | 5 |
| 3697 | 4 |
| 3622 | 4 |
| 3693 | 4 |
| 3699 | 4 |
| 3621 | 4 |
| App # | Title | Examiner | Art Unit | Statutes | Status | Due in | AI | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19387436 | TOKEN SERVICE PROVIDER FOR ELECTRONIC/MOBILE COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS | FENSTERMACHER, JASON B | 3698 | §103DP | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 12, 2025 |
| 19358290 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CLASSIFYING ACCOUNTS BASED ON SHARED ATTRIBUTES WITH KNOWN FRAUDULENT ACCOUNTS | HUANG, JAY | 3619 | DP | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Oct 14, 2025 |
| 19295951 | MULTI-PARTY COMPUTATION IN A COMPUTER SHARDING ENVIRONMENT | LOZA, JANICE JOMARIE | 3698 | §101§103§112 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Aug 11, 2025 |
| 19294004 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR A DATA CONFIDENCE INDEX | DWIVEDI, MAHESH H | 2168 | §101§112 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Aug 07, 2025 |
| 19260962 | SELECTION OF ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION PROCESSING CHANNEL AND MULTI-FACTOR USER AUTHENTICATION | REAGAN, JAMES A | 3697 | §101 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Jul 07, 2025 |
| 19247600 | EXTENSIVE-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTIONS FOR DATA LINEAGE | PHAM, TUAN A | 2163 | §103Other | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Jun 24, 2025 |
| 19243990 | CODELESS PAYMENT INTERFACE | QAYYUM, ZESHAN | 3697 | §101§102§103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Jun 20, 2025 |
| 19229597 | USING AN INTERNAL LEDGER WITH BLOCKCHAIN TRANSACTIONS | DANG, CHRISTINE | 3698 | §101§102§103Other | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Jun 05, 2025 |
| 19199707 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FACILITATING ELECTRONIC FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS DURING A COMMUNICATION SESSION | HAMILTON, SARA CHANDLER | 3691 | §101§103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | May 06, 2025 |
| 19199860 | CONFIGURATION-AWARE MICRO-DATABASE CACHES | NGUYEN, THU N | 2154 | §101§103 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | May 06, 2025 |
| 19199635 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CREATING DYNAMIC SESSIONS FOR MOBILE APPLICATION INTEGRATION | SHRESTHA, BIJENDRA K | 3691 | §102§112 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | May 06, 2025 |
| 19192658 | LAUNDERING DETECTION IN SECOND LAYER NETWORKS | ZHOU, YINGYING | 3697 | §101Other | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Apr 29, 2025 |
| 19191388 | ADVERTISING CANNIBALIZATION MANAGEMENT | NGUYEN, THUY N | 3622 | §101 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Apr 28, 2025 |
| 19186328 | Mechanisms for Utilizing Tokens and Cryptograms in Operations | CERVETTI, DAVID GARCIA | 2409 | §102§112 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Apr 22, 2025 |
| 19178560 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING CONTENT-BASED RECOMMENDATIONS USING A USER PROFILE LIKELIHOOD MODEL | GARG, YOGESH C | 3688 | §101Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Apr 14, 2025 |
| 19175424 | SOCIAL NETWORK PAYMENT SYSTEM | GARCIA MIZE, KARLYANNIE MARIE | 3698 | §101§103§112 | Final Rejection | 36d | Pending | Apr 10, 2025 |
| 19172540 | EDGE CLOUD CACHING USING REAL-TIME CUSTOMER JOURNEY INSIGHTS | KHANAL, SANDARVA | 2453 | §101§112 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Apr 07, 2025 |
| 19083988 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND PROVIDING AUTOMATED ONLINE CHAT ASSISTANCE | TANG, KAREN C | 2447 | §103Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Mar 19, 2025 |
| 19056353 | FREE-FORM, AUTOMATICALLY-GENERATED CONVERSATIONAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES | HUSSAIN, IMAD | 2453 | §103Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Feb 18, 2025 |
| 19046114 | Execution of Machine Learning Models at Client Devices | HICKS, AUSTIN JAMES | 2142 | §101§112 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Feb 05, 2025 |
| 19035319 | NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION IN CHAT DIALOGUES FOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS | DUGDA, MULUGETA TUJI | 2653 | §102§103Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Jan 23, 2025 |
| 19022867 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONFIGURING A NETWORKED SYSTEM TO PERFORM THRESHOLD MULTI-PARTY COMPUTATION | DHRUV, DARSHAN I | 2498 | §112Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Jan 15, 2025 |
| 19019879 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GROUP PAYMENTS | LUDWIG, PETER L | 3627 | §101§103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Jan 14, 2025 |
| 19011238 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS EMPLOYING A ROUTER FOR ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS | KWONG, CHO YIU | 3693 | §101 | Final Rejection | 1d overdue | Pending | Jan 06, 2025 |
| 18990282 | ADAPTIVE SECURITY AUTHENTICATION | KHATRI, NILESH B | 3699 | §101§103§112 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Dec 20, 2024 |
| 18977635 | DETECTION OF DUPLICATED DATA FOR DIGITAL CONTENT | AZIMA, SHAGHAYEGH | 2671 | §102§103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Dec 11, 2024 |
| 18976736 | ADVERSARIALLY ROBUST VOICE BIOMETRICS, SECURE RECOGNITION, AND IDENTIFICATION | LELAND III, EDWIN S | 2654 | §102§103Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Dec 11, 2024 |
| 18965374 | Interface for Constructing Smart Protocols for Execution on Blockchain Platforms | KUCAB, JAMIE R | 3699 | §101§112DPOther | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Dec 02, 2024 |
| 18960554 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING UNIQUE RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON LOGS | WILCOX, JAMES J | 2439 | §103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 26, 2024 |
| 18948942 | LOCATIONS PLATFORM FOR MANAGING AND PROVIDING OF USER EXPERIENCES | PEREZ, JULIO R | 2644 | §103Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 15, 2024 |
| 18948368 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTENT INTEGRATED PRODUCT PURCHASING | LEVINE, ADAM L | 3689 | §101§103 | Final Rejection | 16d | Pending | Nov 14, 2024 |
| 18948239 | IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION VIA PIXEL-METADATA CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS | SUMMERS, GEOFFREY E | 2669 | §101§103Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 14, 2024 |
| 18941096 | AUTHENTICATION AND SESSION MANAGEMENT USING DEVICE FINGERPRINT | NGUYEN, CAROLINE HOANG-ANH | 2495 | §103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 08, 2024 |
| 18939023 | DYNAMICALLY CUSTOMIZING A USER INTERFACE OF AN ELECTRONIC PLATFORM VIA MACHINE LEARNING | JACKSON, JAKIEDA R | 2657 | §102§103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 06, 2024 |
| 18939339 | SEARCH AND ANSWER GENERATION ENGINE FOR DATA SUMMARIZATION FROM MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES | WOO, ISAAC M | 2163 | §102 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Nov 06, 2024 |
| 18937268 | ONE LINE IN-CONTEXT USER INTERFACE | HYDER, MD SAKIB | 3698 | §103 | Non-Final OA | 15d | Pending | Nov 05, 2024 |
| 18931243 | REAL TIME UPSTREAM PAYMENT INTERFACE | CIVAN, ETHAN D | 3688 | §103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Oct 30, 2024 |
| 18930551 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANAGING ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS | WONG, ERIC TAK WAI | 3693 | §103Other | Final Rejection | 2d overdue | Pending | Oct 29, 2024 |
| 18927626 | TRANSACTION TYPE CATEGORIZATION FOR ENHANCED SERVICING OF PEER-TO-PEER TRANSACTIONS | ROSEN, ELIZABETH H | 3693 | §101§103 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Oct 25, 2024 |
| 18911167 | AUTOMATED CODE GENERATION USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS FOR SOFTWARE PLATFORM INTEGRATIONS WITH COMPUTING SERVICES | CHEN, QING | 2191 | §101§103§112 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Oct 09, 2024 |
| 18902063 | METHODS, MANUFACTURES, AND SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCT DETECTION ON MERCHANT WEBSITES | SMITH, LINDSEY B | 3688 | §103Other | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Sep 30, 2024 |
| 18892250 | AUTOMATIC VERIFICATION OF DECENTRAILIZED PROTOCOLS | LEE, MICHAEL M | 2436 | §103Other | Non-Final OA | 8d overdue | Pending | Sep 20, 2024 |
| 18829837 | FAST COMPILING SOURCE CODE WITHOUT DEPENDENCIES | APONTE, FRANCISCO JAVIER | 2151 | §103DP | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Sep 10, 2024 |
| 18826685 | SHOPPING ASSISTANT WITH ACCOUNT BALANCE LIMIT DISPLAY | LEVINE, ADAM L | 3689 | §101§103 | Final Rejection | 25d overdue | Pending | Sep 06, 2024 |
| 18822724 | WATERMARK AS HONEYPOT FOR ADVERSARIAL DEFENSE | GORADIA, SHEFALI DINESH | 2676 | §103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Sep 03, 2024 |
| 18823487 | UNIFIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL FOR MULTIPLE CUSTOMER VALUE VARIABLE PREDICTION | BYRD, UCHE SOWANDE | 3624 | §101§103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Sep 03, 2024 |
| 18814808 | Batch Query Partitioning for Multi-engine Execution | LIN, ALLEN S | 2153 | §103 | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Aug 26, 2024 |
| 18808845 | GLOBAL CONTENT MANAGEMENT | COLUCCI, MICHAEL C | 2655 | §101§103 | Final Rejection | 5d overdue | Pending | Aug 19, 2024 |
| 18794296 | MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR SEQUENCE ANALYSIS AND CART ABANDONMENT DETECTION | BEKERMAN, MICHAEL | 3621 | §101 | Final Rejection | — | Pending | Aug 05, 2024 |
| 18790848 | METHOD, NON-TRANSITORY MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM, AND SYSTEM FOR MERCHANT-SIDE INTEGRATED SHOPPING CART RECOVERY | GIBSON-WYNN, KENNEDY ANNA | 3688 | §101Other | Non-Final OA | — | Pending | Jul 31, 2024 |
IP Author helps IP teams respond to office actions faster with AI-generated responses, examiner analytics, and prosecution intelligence.
Start Free TrialPayPal Inc. has 121 pending office actions as of October 2026, spread across 64 art units and 111 examiners.
Zelalem W Shalu has the most, with 3 of PayPal Inc.'s pending office actions.
Mostly Transportation, E-Commerce & Mechanical Systems (USPTO Tech Center 3600), based on where its pending office actions are examined.